The African American delegation to Abraham Lincoln: A reappraisal

Civil War History

Volumn 56, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 117-144

  Masur, Kate ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77953861759     PISSN: 00098078     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/cwh.0.0149     Document Type: Review

References (113)

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2. Eric Foner, "Lincoln and Colonization," in Our Lincoln: New Perspectives on Lincoln and His World, ed. Eric Foner (New York: Norton, 2008)
3. Paul J. Scheips, "Lincoln and the Chiriqui Colonization Project," Journal of Negro History 37, no. 4 (Oct. 1952): 418-53
4. Michael Vorenberg, "Abraham Lincoln and the Politics of Black Colonization," Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 14, no. 2 (Summer 1993): 22-45
5. Gabor S. Borritt, "The Voyage to the Colony of Lincolnia: The Sixteenth President, Black Colonization, and the Defense Mechanism of Avoidance," Historian 37, no. 4 (Aug. 1975): 619-32
6. Willis Boyd, "Negro Colonization in the National Crisis, 1860-1870" (PhD diss., UCLA, 1953)
7. James M. McPherson, "Abolitionists and Negro Opposition to Colonization during the Civil War," Phylon 26, no. 4 (4th Qtr., 1965): 391-99
8. McPherson, The Negro's Civil War: How American Negroes Felt and Acted during the War for the Union (New York: Vintage, 1965), 91-97
9. David W. Blight, Frederick Douglass's Civil War: Keeping Faith in Jubilee (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1989), 140-42
10. Benjamin Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1962), 116-19
11. Benjamin Quarles, The Negro in the Civil War, with new introduction by William S. McFeely (1953; repr., New York: Da Capo, 1989), 147
12. Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro, 115-16
13. C. Peter Ripley et al., eds., The Black Abolitionist Papers, vol. 5, The United States, 1859-1865 (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1992), 155n1
14. "An Act for the Release of Certain Persons Held to Service or Labor in the District of Columbia," United States Statutes at Large, 12:378
15. Boyd, "Negro Colonization and the National Crisis," 144
16. "Twenty-first Annual Report of the Massachusetts Colonization Society," African Repository 38, no. 8 (Aug. 1862): 240-41
17. "Denmark, Hayti, and Chiriqui," New-York Colonization Journal 12 (July 1862): 3
18. William Seraille, "Afro-American Emigration to Haiti during the American Civil War," Americas 35, no. 2 (Oct. 1978): 199
19. Eric Burin, Slavery and the Peculiar Solution: A History of the American Colonization Society (Gainesville: Univ. Press of Florida, 2005), table 2, table 5, 170, 172-73
20. Steven Hahn, A Nation under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 2003), 321
21. P. J. Staudenraus, The African Colonization Movement, 1816-1865 (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1961), appendix, 351
22. James T. Campbell, Songs of Zion: The African Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States and South Africa (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1995), 73-77
23. Howard Temperly, "African-American Aspirations and the Settlement of Liberia," Slavery and Abolition 21, no. 2 (Aug. 2000): 67-92
24. "The Liberian Delegation," New-York Colonization Herald 12 (July 1862): 1
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26. "Forty-sixth Annual Report of the American Colonization Society," African Repository 39, no. 2 (Feb. 1863): 34-35
27. Seraille, "Afro-American Emigration to Haiti"
28. Willis D. Boyd, "James Redpath and American Negro Colonization in Haiti," Americas 12, no. 2 (Oct. 1955): 169-82
29. John R. McKivigan, "James Redpath and Black Reaction to the Haitian Emigration Bureau," Mid-America 69, no. 3 (1987): 139-53
30. Floyd J. Miller, The Search for a Black Nationality: Black Emigration and Colonization, 1787-1863 (Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1975), 232-49
31. Chris Dixon, African America and Haiti: Emigration and Black Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 2000)
32. Proceedings of the National Emigration Convention of the Colored People (Pittsburg: A. A. Anderson, 1854)
33. Scheips, "Lincoln and the Chiriqui Colonization Project," 420-28
34. Foner, "Lincoln and Colonization," 147-49, 151, 154
35. Eric Foner, Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War (1970; repr., New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1995), 268-80
36. Anglo-African, May 11, 1861, Dec. 7, 1861
37. "Will They Go? Where?" New-York Colonization Journal 38 (Sept. 1862): 2
38. Kate Masur, An Example for All the Land: Emancipation and the Struggle over Equality in Washington, D.C. (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, forthcoming fall 2010)
39. Washington National Republican, June 9, 1862
40. Christian Recorder, July 19, 1862, May 17, 1862
41. Ira Berlin et al., eds., The Wartime Genesis of Free Labor: The Upper South, ser. 1, vol. 2 of Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861-1867 (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1993), 263-66
42. Message from the President of the United States, 39th Cong., 1st sess., 1866, Sen. Exec. Doc. 55, 3
43. Sidney Andrews, "Israel Bethel Church," Atlantic Monthly 32, no. 194 (Dec. 1873): 727-37
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45. Edwin S. Redkey, "Henry McNeal Turner: Black Chaplain in the Union Army," in Black Soldiers in Blue: African American Troops in the Civil War Era, ed. John David Smith (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2002)
46. Redkey, ed., Respect Black: The Writings and Speeches of Henry McNeal Turner (New York: Arno, 1971)
47. Clarence E. Walker, A Rock in a Weary Land: The African Methodist Episcopal Church during the Civil War and Reconstruction (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press), 122-39
48. John Dittmer, "The Education of Henry McNeal Turner," in Black Leaders of the Nineteenth Century, ed. Leon Litwack and August Meier (Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1988)
49. Berlin et al., Wartime Genesis, 265
50. Francis P. Blair Jr. introduced the petition to the House of Representatives, Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States, 37th Cong., 2d sess., Apr. 21, 1862, 578
51. "Colored Men Petitioning to be Colonized," Douglass' Monthly, May 1862, 642
52. Washington Evening Star, Aug. 5, 1862
53. John E. Washington, They Knew Lincoln (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1942), 108
54. entry of Aug. 29, 1861, "Records of Session and the Church Records, vol. 1, 1841-1868," Records of 15th Street Presbyterian Church, box 34-1, Moorland Spingarn Collection, Howard Univ. (hereafter MSCHU)
55. Proceedings of the State Equal Rights Convention of the Colored People of Pennsylvania Held in Harrisburg (Philadelphia: Printed for the convention [by Mc. C. Crummill, printer] 1865), 30-31
56. Hugh Davis, "The Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League and the Northern Black Struggle for Legal Equality, 1864-1877," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 126, no. 4 (2002): 614
57. "Important Meeting of the Colored People of Boston," Boston Liberator, Aug. 1, 1862
58. (reprinted in San Francisco Pacific Appeal, Sept. 13, 1862)
59. "The People of Washington and J. D. Johnson," Pacific Appeal, Sept. 13, 1862
60. Abraham Lincoln to Edward Bates, May 2, 1863, Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, vol. 6, ed. Roy P. Basler (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers Univ. Press, 1953), 194-95
61. "The People of Washington and J. D. Johnson"; McClain to Hall, July 30, 1862
62. Boyd, "Negro Colonization in the National Crisis," 146
63. "President's Interview with a Committee of the Colored People of Washington."
64. Vorenberg, "Abraham Lincoln," 35-36
65. James Mitchell, Brief on Emigration and Colonization and Report in Answer to A Resolution of the Senate (Washington, D.C.: H. Polkinhorn, 1865), 2-3, 8-9
66. William H. Grimshaw, Official History of Freemasonry among the Colored People in North America (1903; repr., New York: Negro Univ. Press, 1969), 148-49
67. Moses B. Goodwin, "Schools and Education of the Colored Population in the District," Special Report of the Commissioner of Education on the Condition and Improvement of Public Schools in the District of Columbia, 41st Cong., 2d sess., House Ex. Doc. 315, 200-203
68. McCoy, "Schools and Education"
69. Henry S. Robinson, "Some Aspects of the Free Negro Population in Washington, D.C., 1800-1862," Maryland Historical Magazine 64, no. 1 (1969): 59
70. Paul E. Sluby Sr., Asbury: Our Legacy, Our Faith, 1836-1993 (Washington, D.C.: The Church, 1993), 7, 9, 23
71. Goodwin, "Schools and Education," 203-4
72. Edward M. Thomas Death Notice, Philadelphia North American and United States Gazette, Mar. 17, 1863
73. "Miscellany," Historical Magazine 9 (Apr. 1865): 136
74. Ripley et al., Black Abolitionist Papers, 5:141-42
75. William H. Severson, History of Felix Lodge no. 3, F.A.A.M. (Washington, D.C.: R. L. Pendleton, 1908), 20
76. Severson, History of Felix Lodge, 8, 16
77. Thomas Death Notice
78. Lincoln, "Address on Colonization," 371, 372-73
79. Daniel Alexander Payne, Recollections of Seventy Years (1888; repr., New York, Arno, 1968), 75
80. E. Delorus Preston Jr., "William Syphax, a Pioneer in Negro Education in the District of Columbia," Journal of Negro History 20, no. 4 (Oct. 1935): 456, 457
81. Washington, They Knew Lincoln, 100-101, 107-11, 183-202
82. Richard E. Hart, "Springfield's African Americans as a Part of the Lincoln Community," Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 20, no. 1 (Winter 1999): 35-54
83. Jennifer Fleischner, Mrs. Lincoln and Mrs. Keckly: The Remarkable Story of the Friendship between a First Lady and a Former Slave (New York: Broadway, 2003)
84. C. Peter Ripley et al., eds., The Black Abolitionist Papers, vol. 4, The United States, 1847-1858 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 319n21; Crummell and Johnson to Smith, May 16, 1862, STNC
85. "Blyden in America," New-York Colonization Journal
86. E. W. Blyden, "From Our Special Correspondent," both in New-York Colonization Journal 38 (Nov. 1862): 1
87. Walker, Rock in a Weary Land, 4-29
88. Campbell, Songs of Zion, 20-28
89. Andrews, "Israel Bethel Church," 732
90. John W. Cromwell, "The First Negro Churches in the District of Columbia," Journal of Negro History 7, no. 1 (Jan. 1922): 69-70
91. Angell, Bishop Henry McNeal Turner, 36
92. McPherson, Negro's Civil War, 91-97
93. Blight, Frederick Douglass's Civil War, 140-42
94. Washington National Intelligencer, Aug. 29, 1862
95. Negro in the Civil War, 149
96. H.M.T., "Washington Correspondence," Christian Recorder, Aug. 30, 1862
97. Letter of Cerebus, Christian Recorder, Aug. 30, 1862
98. Miller, Search for a Black Nationality, 183, 187-92, 228-31
99. New York Times, Sept. 2, 1862
100. (reprinted in San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, Sept. 26, 1862)
101. Boston Daily Advertiser, Aug. 27, 1862
102. New-York Colonization Herald (Sept. 1862): 1
103. Daily Cleveland Herald, Sept. 13, 1862
104. Hahn, Nation under Our Feet, 322, 318
105. Michele Mitchell, Righteous Propagation: African Americans and the Politics of Racial Destiny after Reconstruction (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2004)
106. Kenneth C. Barnes, Journey of Hope: The Back-to-Africa Movement in Arkansas in the Late 1800s (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2004)
107. Marie Tyler-McGraw, An African Republic: Black and White Virginians in the Making of Liberia (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2007), 63-81
108. Staudenraus, African Colonization Movement, 104-16, 179-84
109. Richard L. Hall, On Africa's Shore: A History of Maryland in Liberia, 1834-1857 (Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 2003)
110. Scheips, "Lincoln and the Chiriquí Colonization Project," 437, 441-45
111. Thomas Schoonover, "Misconstrued Mission: Expansionism and Black Colonization in Mexico and Central America during the Civil War," Pacific Historical Review 49, no. 4 (Nov. 1980): 613-20
112. Baltimore Sun, Nov. 5, Aug. 22, 23, 1862
113. Carter A. Stewart et al. to John D. Johnson, in Pacific Appeal, Sept. 13, 1862