Trade policy, health, and corporate influence: British American tobacco and China's accession to the World Trade Organization

International Journal of Health Services

Volumn 40, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 421-441

  Holden, Chris ^a   Lee, Kelley ^a   Gilmore, Anna ^a   Fooks, Gary ^a   Wander, Nathaniel ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIVIL SERVICE; EMPLOYMENT; HEALTH IMPACT; LIBERALIZATION; MARKET SYSTEM; MONOPOLY; NEGOTIATION PROCESS; PUBLIC ACCESS; TOBACCO; TRADE POLICY; WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION;

ARTICLE; CHINA; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; LEGAL ASPECT; MANAGEMENT; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; TOBACCO INDUSTRY; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES; LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE;

CHINA; COMMERCE; GREAT BRITAIN; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; NEGOTIATING; POLICY MAKING; TOBACCO INDUSTRY; UNITED STATES;

CHINA; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES;

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 77953854733     PISSN: 00207314     EISSN: 15414469     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2190/HS.40.3.c     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Taylor, A., et al. The impact of trade liberalization on tobacco consumption. In "Tobacco Control in Developing Countries", ed. P. Jha and F. Chaloupka. World Bank, Washington DC, 2000.
2. Chantornvong, S., and McCargo, D. Political economy of tobacco control in Thailand. "Tob. Control" 10:48-54, 2001.
3. Lee, K., et al. Gaining access to Vietnam's cigarette market: British American Tobacco's strategy to enter "a huge market which will become enormous." "Global Public Health" 3(1):1-25, 2008.
4. Hu, T. W., et al. China at the crossroads: The economics of tobacco and health. "Tob. Control" 15: 137-141, 2006.
5. Lee, K., Gilmore, A., and Collin, J. Breaking and re-entering: British American Tobacco in China 1979-2000. "Tob. Control" 13: ii88-95, 2004.
6. Lee, K., and Collin J. "Key to the future": British American Tobacco and cigarette smuggling in China. "PLoS Med." 3(7):228-237, 2006.
7. Hurt, R. D., et al. Open doorway to truth: Legacy of the Minnesota tobacco trial. "Mayo Clin. Proc." 84(5):446-456, 2009.
8. LeGresley, E., Muggli, M., and Hurt, R. Playing hide-and-seek with the tobacco industry. "Nicotine Tob. Res." 7(1):7-40, 2005.
9. Lee, K., Gilmore, A., and Collin, J. Looking inside the tobacco industry: Revealing insights from the Guildford Depository. "Addiction" 99:394-397, 2004.
10. MacKenzie, R., Collin, J., and Lee, K. "The Tobacco Industry Documents: An Introductory Handbook and Resource Guide for Researchers." London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, 2003. www.lshtm.ac.uk/cgch/tobacco/Handbook%2008.07.03.pdf (accessed December 17, 2009). http://www.lshtm.ac.uk/cgch/tobacco/Handbook%2008.07.03.pdf www.lshtm.ac.uk/cgch/tobacco/Handbook%2008.07.03.pdf.
11. Bero, L. Implications of the tobacco industry documents for public health and policy. "Annu. Rev. Public Health" 24:267-288, 2003.
12. Balbach, E. Tobacco industry documents: Comparing the Minnesota Depository and internet access. "Tob. Control" 11(1):68-72, 2002.
13. Malone, R. E., and Balbach, E. D. Tobacco industry documents: Treasure trove or quagmire? "Tob. Control" 9:334-338, 2000.
14. Zhong, F., and Yano, E. British American Tobacco's tactics during China's accession to the World Trade Organization. "Tob. Control" 16:133-137, 2007.
15. Tobacco industry faces new situation after WTO entry. "China Econ. Times", February 24, 2002.
16. Cox, H. "The Global Cigarette: Origins and Evolution of British American Tobacco 1880-1945." Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000.
17. British American Tobacco. AGM Q&A Book 2000, April 26, 2000, Bates No. 325073210-325073307. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/txg61a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/txg61a99.
18. Duncan, R. Secret: Trip Notes, Visit to Beijing-6th to 9th March 1994, March 18, 1994, Bates No. 502616681-502616718. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/ tid/lpk87a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/lpk87a99.
19. HSBC Securities. British American Tobacco: Being Real about BAT, April 21, 1999, Bates No. 321500795-321500796. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ swf61a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/swf61a99.
20. Liao, A. China: Why the crackdown on smuggling is working this time. "Tob. Asia", 1999. http://www.tobaccoasia.com/archive/9902/current/ features/fe1.htm www.tobaccoasia.com/archive/9902/current/features/fe1.htm.
21. Duncan, R. Note to the Tobacco Management Board and the Chief Executive Committee: China, March 22, 1996, Bates No. 700801149-700801184. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rwd65a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ rwd65a99.
22. Wills, N. Z. Greater China Market Access, Memorandum to Paul Adams, May 24, 1994, Bates No. 502616649-502616651. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ zok87a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/zok87a99.
23. Bingham, P. M. China: Taxation and Tariffs, Note to Paul Adams, January 27, 1993, Bates No. 500053782. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/foc31a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/foc31a99.
24. Duncan, R. Facsimile to Ernie Pebbles, BAT Hong Kong, April 15, 1994, Bates No. 502616674. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fpk87a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fpk87a99.
25. British American Tobacco. British-American Tobacco (BAT) and China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC) Joint Venture Briefing Paper for His Excellency Mr. Ma Yu Zhen, July 27, 1994, Bates No. 502616621-502616626. < http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rok87a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ rok87a99.
26. Brady, B. Letter to Paul Adams, March 14, 1994, Bates No. 502592966-502592967. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/gck77a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/gck77a99.
27. Brady, B. Russell Partnership Brief for Asia Pacific Region, October 28, 1994, Bates No. 502616599-502616603. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mok87a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mok87a99.
28. Bacon, D. Note for Paul Adams, May 9, 1994, Bates No. 502616656. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/cpk87a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ cpk87a99.
29. Russell Partnership. PRC-Market Access, Brief to David Bacon, May 9, 1994, Bates No. 502616657-502616663. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dpk87a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dpk87a99.
30. Dowding, K. "The Civil Service", p. 127. Routledge, Abingdon, UK, 1995.
31. Bacon, D. Russell Partnership Brief for Asia Pacific Region, Note and Brief to John Russell, October 28, 1994, Bates No. 502616599-502616603. < http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mok87a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ mok87a99.
32. Honour, H. Lunch with the DTI, November 23, 1994, Bates No. 600504367. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/vmd18a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ vmd18a99.
33. Brady, B. Secret: China, Memo to Paul Adams, January 10, 1994, Bates No. 502616679. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jpk87a99 http://legacy.library. ucsf.edu/tid/jpk87a99.
34. British American Tobacco. Minutes of the Multinational Chairmen's Group Meeting, December 9, 1994, Bates No. 20460098-20460101. http://legacy.library. ucsf.edu/tid/zef80a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/zef80a99.
35. Evans, R., Leigh, D., and Maguire, K. Tobacco firm gained secret access to Blair. "Guardian" (London), October 27, 2004. http://www.guardian. co.uk/uk/2004/oct/27/freedomofinformation.politics www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2004/ oct/27/freedomofinformation.politics.
36. Information Commissioner's Office. "Freedom of Information Act 2000 (Section 50): Decision Notice", July 30, 2007. Reference FS50086299. London, 2007. http://www.ico.gov.uk/upload/documents/decisionnotices/2007/fs- 50086299.pdf www.ico.gov.uk/upload/documents/decisionnotices/2007/fs-50086299. pdf.
37. Bacon, D. China Market Access, Memorandum to Paul Adams, December 9, 1994, Bates No. 502616680. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kpk87a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kpk87a99.
38. British American Tobacco. Chatham House China Project, n.d., Bates No. 202238696-202238697. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/eji21a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/eji21a99.
39. British American Tobacco. Chatham House China Task Force, n.d., Bates No. 322121972. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/xvt63a99 http://legacy.library. ucsf.edu/tid/xvt63a99.
40. British American Tobacco. Member Companies of the Chatham House China Task Force, n.d., Bates No. 321356558. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ qyy23a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/qyy23a99.
41. Honour, H. Note to Mr Broughton, January 9, 1995, Bates No. 202238691. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/cji21a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ cji21a99.
42. U. S. General Accounting Office. International Trade: Advertising and Promoting US Cigarettes in Selected Asian Countries, December 1992, Bates No. 503114678-503114766. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/bio30a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/bio30a99.
43. Duncan, R. Market Access, Memorandum to Paul Adams, April 1, 1995, Bates No. 502616590. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hok87a99 http://legacy. library.ucsf.edu/tid/hok87a99.
44. Nash, N. C. Man in the news: Wendell Hampton Ford. "New York Times", November 14, 1990. http://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/14/us/man- wendell-hampton-ford-no-2-man-for-democrats-senate.html www.nytimes.com/1990/11/ 14/us/man-wendell-hampton-ford-no-2-man-for-democrats-senate.html.
45. British American Tobacco. British American Tobacco 1997 Performance Objectives, July 22, 1997, Bates No. 800414288. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/ tid/yyl60a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/yyl60a99.
46. Wilmott, P. Improving British American Tobacco's Performance: Using Brussels to Gain Leverage, August 1, 1997, Bates No. 321333399-321333401. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ttx71a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ ttx71a99.
47. Reuters. China: Tobacco tariffs to lower to join WTO. In "Today's News", BATCo, August 21, 1997, Bates No. 321184103. http://legacy.library. ucsf.edu/tid/udy23a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/udy23a99.
48. Broughton, M. Letter to Sir Leon Brittan, September 1997, Bates No. 322121846. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mvt63a99 http://legacy.library. ucsf.edu/tid/mvt63a99.
49. Broughton, M. Letter to Sir Leon Brittan, September 1997, Bates No. 322121858-322121859. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mvt63a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mvt63a99.
50. Brittan, L. Letter to Martin Broughton, November 5, 1997, Bates No. 322121806. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/cvt63a99 http://legacy.library. ucsf.edu/tid/cvt63a99.
51. Prisma. British American Tobacco Board Level Visit to Brussels, November 25, 1997, Bates No. 321333358-321333361. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ hwy23a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hwy23a99.
52. Miller, J. Meetings at USDA/USTR, October 7, 1997, Bates No. 322121839-322121840. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ivt63a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ivt63a99.
53. Wilmott, P. Letter to Francis De Vroey, October 22, 1997, Bates No. 322121809-322121812. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/evt63a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/evt63a99.
54. De Vroey, F. WTO/China, November 13, 1997, Bates No. 322121795. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/zut63a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ zut63a99.
55. Millson, S. Letter from Simon Millson to Nick Brown Enclosing a Brief on BAT Industries, February 23, 1998, Bates No. 322122840-322122842. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/pcu63a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ pcu63a99.
56. Royal Institute of International Affairs. UK-China Forum: Background Note, April 19, 1999, Bates No. 321357355-6. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ mes03a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mes03a99.
57. Heseltine, M. UK-China Forum, Letter to Martin Broughton, April 19, 1999, Bates No. 321357357-321357358. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/nes03a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/nes03a99.
58. U. K.-China Forum: Industry Sub-Group. Note for discussion at Chatham House, May 13, 1999, Bates No. 321357344. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ ges03a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ges03a99.
59. Mackay, J. International aspects of US Government tobacco bills. "JAMA" 281(19): 1849-1850, 1999.
60. United Kingdom Government. UK Government guidelines to overseas diplomatic posts. "Hansard", May 18, 1999, col. 333-334.
61. Duncan, R. China's Accession to the WTO, April 18, 1999, Bates No. 321334287. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/cyx71a99 http://legacy.library. ucsf.edu/tid/cyx71a99.
62. Shears, N. China: Issues Update, April 28, 1999, Bates No. 321357455-321357458. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jlp73a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jlp73a99.
63. Williams, A. Note from Adam Williams, May 17, 1999, Bates No. 321357443. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/vfs03a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ vfs03a99.
64. Lai, H. H. Behind China's World Trade Organization agreement with the USA. "Third World Q." 22(2):237-255, 2001.
65. Shears, N. Letter to Mike Moore, DG World Trade Organization, September 8, 1999, Bates No. 321309012.
66. Hormats, R., Economy, E., and Nealer, K. "Beginning the Journey: China, the United States, and the WTO." Report of an Independent Task Force. Council on Foreign Relations, Washington DC, 2001.
67. Tong, E., et al. China's tobacco industry and the World Trade Organization. In "Tobacco Control Policy Analysis in China: Economics and Health", ed. T. W. Hu. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, 2008.
68. Prisma. China, the WTO and BAT-A Tactical Plan, 1999 to 2002, May 21, 1999, Bates No. 321357439-321357440. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/sfs03a99 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/sfs03a99.
69. Euromonitor. "Cigarettes: China." Euromonitor International Country Sector Briefing. London, November 2008.
70. China's tobacco industry makes progress in development, reform in 2008. "Tob. China", January 14, 2009. http://act.tobaccochina.net/ englishnew/content.aspx?id=37923 http://act.tobaccochina.net/englishnew/content. aspx?id=37923.
71. Zhejiang operator of provincial tobacco industry converted into limited liability company. "Tob. China", December 6, 2007. http://act.tobaccochina.net/englishnew/content.aspx?id=33076 http://act.tobaccochina.net/englishnew/content.aspx?id=33076.