Gaining access to Vietnam's cigarette market: British American Tobacco's strategy to enter 'a huge market which will become enormous'

Global Public Health

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 1-25

  Lee, K ^a   Kinh, H V ^b   MacKenzie, R ^c   Gilmore, A B ^a   Minh, N T ^d   Collin, J ^e  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b Vietnam Trade Union University   (Viet Nam)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^d Thuongmai University   (Viet Nam)

^e UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Tobacco control; Vietnam

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONTROL STRATEGY; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; HUMAN; INVESTMENT; LAW ENFORCEMENT; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; LICENSING; MARKET; POLICY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; SMOKING; TOBACCO INDUSTRY; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES; VIET NAM; CIGARETTE SMOKING; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; HEALTH HAZARD; LICENCE; POLITICS; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICE; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; SOCIAL MARKETING; SOCIOECONOMICS;

COMMERCE; ECONOMIC COMPETITION; GREAT BRITAIN; MARKETING; TOBACCO INDUSTRY; UNITED STATES; VIETNAM;

EID: 48949096768     PISSN: 17441692     EISSN: 17441706     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17441690701589789     Document Type: Article

References (188)

1. Adams, P. N. (1994) Letter to JCD Manning.
2. Aiken, S. (1993) Contract Manufacture in Vietnam.
3. Anon (1990) Fax to Susan Osborne.
4. Anon (1995) Vietnam - BAT stops Production of 555 in Vietnam. South China Morning Post
5. Anon (1995) Vietnam: Hanoi bans Smoking. Xinhua News Agency
6. Anon (1999) Vietnam Cigarette Stockpile up on Smuggling Boom. Reuters
7. Anon (1999) Vietnam: Smokers prefer Foreign Brands. Vietnam Investment Review
8. Anon (2000) Viet Nam's Losing Battle against the Tobacco Smugglers. Guardian
9. Anon (2001) BAT seals Vietnam deal. BBC News Online
10. Anon (2002) Trade: Hanoi Launches Campaign Preventing Sale of Illegal Foreign Tobacco. Hoovers
11. Anon (2005) ASEAN to Check Vietnam's Protected Products. VietNamNet
12. Anon (2005) Traveller Vietnam. Tobacco Journal International
13. Anon (2006) BAT Helps Fight Tobacco Smuggling. VietNamNet
14. Anon (2006) Vietnam to Allow Imports. Tobacco Reporter
15. ASH (2000) Tobacco Industry Smuggling
16. ASH (2005) Ken Clarke's BAT Role Makes Him Unfit for Leadership. News Release
17. Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration (2005) Smoking, Quitting, and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Women and Men in the Asia-Pacific Region. International Journal of Epidemiology, 34, pp. 1036-1045.
18. Balbach, E. (2002) Tobacco Industry Documents: Comparing the Minnesota Depository and Internet Access. Tobacco Control, 11, pp. 68-72.
19. Barnett, A. (2001) Revealed: Clarke's Link to $40m Vietnam Tobacco Deal. Observer
20. Barry, M. (1991) The Influence of the US Tobacco Industry on the Health, Economy and Environment of Developing Countries. New England Journal of Medicine, 28:324, pp. 917-920.
21. Barton, H. (1992) NBD Strategy.
22. BAT BAT Vietnam - Company Plan Preview.
23. BAT Horeca Market Info. BAT.
24. BAT (1991) Indochina/Myanmar Far East South Company Plan 1992.
25. BAT (1992) Appendices to the Business Plan for Joint Venture between BATCO and the Vietnam Union of Tobacco Industry Enterprises (VINATABA).
26. BAT (1992) Cambodia Business Plan 1993-1997.
27. BAT (1992) Preliminary Outline Proposal for a Joint Venture Company.
28. BAT (1992) Secret, New Tobacco Markets.
29. BAT (1992) Secret, Project Status Report.
30. BAT (1992) Vietnam-Country Summary.
31. BAT (1993) BAT-Vietnam Business Plan.
32. BAT (1993) Draft, Note to the Chief Executive's Committee.
33. BAT (1993) Feasibility Study for a Joint Venture Enterprise to be Formed between [Bat Industries Plc] and Vietnam Union of Tobacco Enterprises [First Draft].
34. BAT (1993) Feasibility Study for a Wholly Owned Subsidiary in Vietnam.
35. BAT (1994) BAT Vietnam.
36. BAT (1994) Business Briefing.
37. BAT (1994) Subject: SE 555 International.
38. BAT (1997) 1998-2000 Company Plan.
39. BAT (1997) Secret, Business Development Monthly Update.
40. BAT (1998) Asia Pacific Regional Plan 1999-2001.
41. BAT (1999) Company Plan 2000-2002.
42. BAT (1999) 2000-2002 Business Plan Cora Presentation.
43. BAT (2000) Operations Plan 2001-2002.
44. BAT (2001) British American Tobacco secures Joint Venture in Vietnam.
45. BAT (2001) Operations Plan 2002-2003.
46. BAT (2005) Annual Review and Summary Financial Report 2004.
47. BAT (2007) About Illicit Trade.
48. Beelman, M., Campbell, D., Ronderos, M. T. and Schelzig, E. (2000) Major Tobacco Multinational Implicated in Cigarette Smuggling, Tax Evasion, Documents Show.
49. Bero, L. (2003) Implications of the Tobacco Industry Documents for Public Health and Policy. Annual Review of Public Health, 24, pp. 267-288.
50. Bettcher, D. W., Yach, D. and Guindon, G. E. (2000) Global Trade and Health: Key Linkages and Future Challenges. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, pp. 521-534.
51. Brookes, N. G. (1993) Extract of Minutes of Meeting of the Chief Executive's Committee.
52. Brookes, N. G. (1993) Secret.
53. Brookes, N. (1993) Vietnam, Note to the Chief Executive's Committee.
54. Callard, C., Chitanondh, H. and Weissman, R. (2001) Why Trade and Investment Liberalisation may threaten Effective Tobacco Control Efforts. Tobacco Control, 10, pp. 68-70.
55. Cameron, R. (1990) Project Prop Rationale and Status.
56. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids (2002) Public Health and International Trade. Vol II. Tariffs and Privatization, National Center for Tobacco-Free Kids, Washington, DC
57. Campbell, D., Beelman, S. and Schelzig, E. (2000) Paper trail to markets of the East. Guardian
58. Cannar, N. B. (1991) BATCO Executive Directors' Meeting.
59. Chitanondh, H. (2001) Defeat in Trade-Victory in Health, Thailand Health Promotion Institute, Bangkok
60. Clarke, P. L. (1991) Management Board Meeting.
61. Collin, J., Gresley, E. Le, MacKenzie, R., Lawrence, S. and Lee, K. (2004) Complicity in Contraband: British American Tobacco and Cigarette Smuggling in Asia. Tobacco Control, 13, pp. ii104-ii111.
62. Collin, J., Lee, K. and Gilmore, A. B. (2004) Unlocking the Corporate Documents of British American Tobacco: An Invaluable Global Resource Needs Radically Improved Access. Lancet, 363, pp. 1746-1747.
63. Combe, F. (1992) Re: Vietnam Direct Imports.
64. Combe, F. (1998) Asia Pacific Regional Business Unit.
65. Connolly, G. (1992) Worldwide Expansion of Transnational Tobacco Industry. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, 12, pp. 29-35.
66. Cousins, A. R. (1990) Project Vietnam.
67. Cousins, A. R. (1990) Restricted.
68. Da Costa, G. (1993) BAT-Vietnam Business Plan.
69. Da Costa, G. (1995) Vietnam System Profits.
70. Davis, N. (1989) Visit to Vinataba.
71. Downham, M. (1990) Visit to Ho Chi Minh City.
72. Dreyfuss, R. (1999) Big Tobacco Rides East. Mother Jones
73. Esmerk (1991) Vietnam: UK-Based BAT Signs MOU with Viet Firm.
74. Ettedgui, E. (1996) Secret, Note to the Tobacco Management Board, Laos-Early Warning Note.
75. Euromonitor (2005) Tobacco in Vietnam
76. European Commission (2003) The EU's Relations with Asia, Overview
77. Faasen, R. (1992) Letter to Le Dinh Thuy, Vinataba.
78. Fry, M. (1994) Vietnam: Justification of Launch and Year 1 Expenditure.
79. Gajalakshmi, C., Jha, P., Ranson, K. and Nguyen, S. (2000) Global patterns of smoking and smoking-attributable mortality. Tobacco Control in Developing Countries, pp. 11-39. Oxford University Press, Oxford
80. George-Perutz, A. (1989) Re: Transit Study, 25 August. BAT.
81. Ghosh, A. (1998) Business Forum.
82. Gilmore, A. B. and McKee, M. (2004) Moving East: How the Transnational Tobacco Industry Gained Entry to the Emerging Markets of the Former Soviet Union. Part 1: Establishing Cigarette Imports. Tobacco Control, 13, pp. 143-150.
83. Gilmore, A. B. and McKee, M. (2005) Exploring the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Tobacco Consumption in the Former Soviet Union. Tobacco Control, 14, pp. 13-21.
84. Gilmore, A. B., Collin, J. and McKee, M. (2006) British American Tobacco's Erosion of Health Legislation in Uzbekistan. BMJ, 332, pp. 355-358.
85. Government of Vietnam (1989) Law on Protection of the People's Health.
86. Government of Vietnam (1995) Circular on moving towards eliminating smoking among railroad workers.
87. Government of Vietnam (1999) Announcement of the Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung's on conclusions of meeting with Anti-Smuggling Board.
88. Government of Vietnam (2000) Government resolution on the National Tobacco Control Policy for the period 2000-2010.
89. Government of Vietnam (2004) Decision of Vietnamese President on ratification of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
90. Havercroft, S. (1993) Suspected Re-Packaged Product.
91. Herter, U. (1993) Letter to Le Dinh Thuy.
92. Hirji, T. (1992) Counterfeit Product Team Meeting.
93. Homan, A. (1997) RJR Meeting Notes.
94. Homan, A. (1998) Contact Report, Topic: Hong Kong Meeting.
95. Homan, A. Meeting Analysis, Topic: RJR Vietnam Meeting-Government Relations.
96. Homan, A. (1998) RJR Vietnam Meeting-Government Relations.
97. Honjo, K. and Kawachi, I. (2000) Effects of Market Liberalisation on Smoking in Japan. Tobacco Control, 9, pp. 193-200.
98. International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (2001) Tobacco Companies Linked to Criminal Organizations in Lucrative Cigarette Smuggling, Centre for Public Integrity, Washington, DC
99. Jenkins, N. H., Dai, P. X., Ngoc, D. H., Hoang, T. T., Kinh, H. V. and Bales, S. (1997) Tobacco Use in Vietnam: Prevalence, Predictors and the Role of Transnational Tobacco Corporations. JAMA, 277, pp. 1726-1731.
100. Johnson, A. (1992) File Note-Vietnam, Conversation with John Dick.
101. Johnson, A. (1992) Indo-China Projects.
102. Johnson, A. (1996) Acquisitions & Business Development, Six Monthly Status Report.
103. Johnson, A. (1996) Business Development, Acquisitions and Investment, Vietnam.
104. Johnson, A. (1996) Business Developments, Acquisitions & Investments, Monthly Update.
105. Johnson, A. (1996) Business Development, Acquisitions & Investments, Monthly Update, Vietnam.
106. Joossens, L. (2003) Vietnam: Smuggling Adds Value. Tobacco Control, pp. 119-120.
107. Kemball, B. J. (1995) Vietnam-Status Report.
108. Kinh, H. V. and Bales, S. (2003) Economic, social and health issues in tobacco control. Report of a WHO international meeting Kobe, Japan, pp. 144-168.
109. Kwok, K. (1991) Market Report for the Month of January 1991.
110. Lambert, A., Sargent, J. D., Glantz, S. A. and Ling, P. M. (2004) How Philip Morris Unlocked the Japanese Cigarette Market: Lessons for Global Tobacco Control. Tobacco Control, 13, pp. 379-387.
111. Le, H. (2006) Nearly 100mil Packs of Cigarettes Illegally Enter VN.
112. Lee, K. and Collin, J. (2006) Key to the Future': British American Tobacco and Cigarette Smuggling in China. PLoS Medicine, 3, pp. 228-237.
113. Lee, K., Gilmore, A. B. and Collin, J. (2004) Breaking and Re-Entering: BAT in China, 1979-2000. Tobacco Control, 13, pp. ii88-ii95.
114. Lee, K., Gilmore, A. B. and Collin, J. (2004) Looking inside the Tobacco Industry: Revealing Insights from the Guildford Depository. Addiction, 99, p. 394.
115. LeGresley, E., Muggli, M. and Hurt, R. (2005) Playing Hide-and-Seek with the Tobacco Industry. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 7, pp. 27-40.
116. MacKay, J. (1994) The Fight against Tobacco in Developing Countries. Tubercle and Lung Disease, 75, pp. 8-24.
117. MacKay, J. (2004) The Tobacco Industry in Asia: Revelations in the Corporate Documents. Tobacco Control, 13, pp. ii1-ii3.
118. MacKay, J. and Crofton, J. (1996) Tobacco and health. Tobacco and the Developing World, pp. 206-221. Royal Society of Medicine Press, London
119. MacKay, J., Eriksen, M. and Shafey, O. (2006) The Tobacco Atlas, 2nd Edition, International Union Against Cancer/American Cancer Society, Washington, DC
120. MacKenzie, R., Collin, J. and Lee, K. (2003) The Tobacco Industry Documents: An Introductory Handbook and Resource Guide for Researchers, London
121. MacKenzie, R., Collin, J., Sopharo, C. and Sopheap, Y. (2004) Almost A Role Model Of What We Would Like To Do Everywhere': British American Tobacco in Cambodia. Tobacco Control, 13, pp. ii112-ii117.
122. Malone, R. E. and Balbach, E. D. (2000) Tobacco Industry Documents: Treasure Trove or Quagmire?. Tobacco Control, 9, pp. 334-338.
123. Manning, J. C. D. (1993) Vietnam.
124. Mansoor, H. (1994) Subject: BAT/SUTL Meeting-11 November, 24 November.
125. Massey, P. (1998) Project Wildlife.
126. Maxwell, J. C. (1996) The Maxwell Consumer Report.
127. McPhail, P. (1991) STC Report on Vietnam Visit to Patrick O'Keeffe.
128. McPhail, P. (1993) State Express 555 WMS - Vietnam.
129. Mekong Research (2001) Vietnam Trade Report.
130. Milenkovic, Z. (2004) The Global Market for Cigarettes. Tobacco Journal International, 5, pp. 70-79.
131. Milenkovic, Z. (2006) Asia-Pacific in a Global Context. Tobacco Journal International, 6, pp. 97-101.
132. Ministry of Commerce Trade Facilitation.
133. Ministry of Defence (1996) Circular on non-smoking in the army.
134. Ministry of Health (1995) Circular prohibiting smoking in medical facilities.
135. Ministry of Health (2003) Vietnam National Health Survey
136. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1995) Decision prohibiting smoking in meeting rooms and offices of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs including overseas.
137. Ministry of Trade (2001) Report on the Anti-Smuggling Meeting
138. Morrow, M. and Barraclough, S. (2003) Tobacco Control and Gender in South-East Asia. Part II: Singapore and Vietnam. Health Promotion International, 18, pp. 373-380.
139. Muggli, M. E., LeGresley, E. M. and Hurt, R. D. (2004) Big Tobacco is Watching: British American Tobacco's Surveillance and Information Concealment at the Guildford Depository. Lancet, 363, pp. 1812-1819.
140. Nhung, T. (2005) Lawmakers Seek Higher Luxury Tax On Cigarette, Car. Thanh Nien
141. Niedermann, H. (1997) Vietnam Distribution.
142. O'Keeffe, P. (1993) Vietnam-Contract Manufacture.
143. O'Keeffe, P. C. (1994) Export Channel Management.
144. Owen, K. T. (1993) BAT Vietnam.
145. Owen, K. T. (1993) Company Plan Pre-Meeting: BAT Vietnam.
146. Pendleton, A. (2003) Behind the Mask: The Real Face of Corporate Social Responsibility, London
147. People's Committee of Hanoi (1995) Circular on non-smoking policy for Hanoi City offices.
148. Pham, T. H. A. and Nguyen, T. T. H. (2005) Executive Summary, Cigarette Smuggling in Vietnam: Problems and Solutions, PATH Canada Vietnam Office, Hanoi
149. Philip Morris (1999) Country: Vietnam.
150. Phuoc, H. (2007) Cigarette Smuggling on the Rise. VietNamNet
151. Reich, R. (1995) Agronomic support and training for Virginia and Burley tobacco Production in Vietnam - August 27 to September 1.
152. Robertson, G. (1994) Interim Marketing Plan-State Express 555 Vietnam.
153. Rossel, S. (2004) Vietnam: Tough Market for Foreigners. Tobacco Journal International, 5, pp. 35-37.
154. Salter, G. (1990) Product Development-Vietnam/Burma.
155. Salter, R. (1991) Eastern Europe/USSR.
156. Salter, R. (1991) New Tobacco Markets.
157. Salter, R. (1991) Tobacco Investment Meeting [Draft to Patrick Sheehy].
158. Schaumberg-Muller, H. (2003) Rise and Fall of Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam and its Impact on Local Manufacturing Upgrading. European Journal of Development Research, 15, pp. 44-66.
159. (2003) Tobacco Control Country Profiles, 2nd edition, American Cancer Society/World Health Organization/International Union Against Cancer, Atlanta
160. Sheehy, P. (1992) Extract of Minutes of Meeting of the Chairman's Policy Committee held on Thursday.
161. Shepherd, P. L. (1985) Transnational corporations and the international cigarette industry. Profits, Progress and Poverty: Case Studies of International Industries in Latin America, pp. 63-112. University of Notre Dame Press, Indiana
162. Shook, Hardy and Bacon (1997) Report on Recent International Developments.
163. Stettler, F. (1998) Letter to Nguyen Ba Thanh.
164. Taylor, A., Chaloupka, F. C., Guindon, G. E. and Corbett, M. (2000) The impact of trade liberalization on tobacco consumption. Tobacco Control Policies in Developing Countries, pp. 343-364. Oxford University Press, Oxford
165. Taylor, R. H. (1992) Leaf Purchase Proposal for Vietnam.
166. Taylor, R. H. (1992) Note to: Mr. Yap Boon Aun, Singapore Tobacco Company.
167. Taylor, R. H. (1992) Re: Vietnam.
168. Taylor, R. H. (1992) Re: Visit to Souza Cruz by Vietnamese Leaf Team.
169. Tobacco Merchants Association (1995) Vietnam: 555 Production Commences [TMA World Alert].
170. Tran, M. (2001) BAT clinches Vietnam deal. Guardian
171. UK House of Commons (2000) The Tobacco Industry and the Health Risks of Smoking. Select Committee on Health, Second Report.
172. US General Accounting Office (1990) Trade and Health Issues: Dichotomy between US Tobacco Export Policy and Antismoking Initiatives, Author, Washington, DC
173. van Waay, A. (1993) Vietnam Plan: Marketing.
174. Vateesatokit, P. (2003) Tailoring tobacco control efforts to the country: The example of Thailand. Tobacco Control Policy: Strategies, Successes and Setbacks, pp. 154-179. World Bank, Washington, DC
175. Watkin, H. (1999) Producers Call for Tobacco Tax Cuts. South China Morning Post
176. Watterton, D. S. (1992) Note to the Chairman.
177. Watterton, D. S. (1992) Note to the Chairman, Vietnam - Strategy.
178. Watterton, D. S. (1992) Secret, New Business Development, TSRT Progress Report.
179. Watterton, D. S. (1992) Secret, New Business Development Progress Report-May April [handwritten].
180. Watterton, D. S. (1992) Secret, New Tobacco Markets Progress Report - July 1992.
181. Wen, C. P., Cheng, T. Y., Eriksen, M. P., Tsai, S. P. and Hsu, C. C. (2005) The Impact of the Cigarette Market Opening in Taiwan. Tobacco Control, 14, pp. i4-i9.
182. Whitehouse, A. (1993) Schroders Investment Banking. BAT Vietnam draft business plan.
183. WHO (2003) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Final Text.
184. WHO (2007) Updated status of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
185. WTO (2005) Chair says Viet Nam must complete bilaterals quickly to meet ambition. Viet Nam membership negotiations (informal).
186. WTO (2006) Accessions, Viet Nam joins WTO with Director-General's tribute for true grit.
187. WTO (2006) General Council Approves Viet Nam's Membership. Press Release
188. WTO (2006) Viet Nam's talks now 'well into the final stages'. Viet Nam membership negotiations.