메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 394-398

The role of ankle brachial index and carotid intima-media thickness in vascular risk stratification

Author keywords

ankle brachial index; carotid intima media thickness; Framingham risk score; peripheral arterial disease; vascular risk prediction

Indexed keywords

ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX; ARTERIAL WALL THICKNESS; ARTERY DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DIABETIC PATIENT; DISEASE MARKER; FRAMINGHAM RISK SCORE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPRODUCIBILITY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SMOKING; VALIDITY;

EID: 77953808268     PISSN: 02684705     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e328338c109     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (33)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0037118660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update: Consensus panel guide to comprehensive risk reduction for adult patients without coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular diseases
    • AHA Guidelines for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke2002 American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee
    • Pearson TA, Blair SN, Daniels SR, et al. AHA Guidelines for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: 2002 Update: Consensus Panel Guide to Comprehensive Risk Reduction for Adult Patients Without Coronary or Other Atherosclerotic Vascular Diseases. American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee. Circulation 2002; 106:388-391.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 388-391
    • Pearson, T.A.1    Blair, S.N.2    Daniels, S.R.3
  • 2
    • 0037126729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel iii) final report
    • Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection
    • Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002; 106:3143-3421.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 3143-3421
  • 3
    • 2442482842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution of 10-Year risk for coronary heart disease among US adults: Findings from the national health and nutrition examination Survey III
    • Ford ES, Giles WH, Mokdad AH. The distribution of 10-Year risk for coronary heart disease among US adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43:1791-1796.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , pp. 1791-1796
    • Ford, E.S.1    Giles, W.H.2    Mokdad, A.H.3
  • 4
    • 70349976327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventive services task force recommendation statement
    • Using nontraditional risk factors in coronary heart disease risk assessment: U.S
    • Using nontraditional risk factors in coronary heart disease risk assessment: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2009; 151:474-482.
    • (2009) Ann Intern Med , vol.151 , pp. 474-482
  • 5
    • 47049084052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham Risk Score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality: A meta-analysis
    • Fowkes FG, Murray GD, Butcher I, et al. Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham Risk Score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis. J Am Med Assoc 2008; 300:197-208.
    • (2008) J Am Med Assoc , vol.300 , pp. 197-208
    • Fowkes, F.G.1    Murray, G.D.2    Butcher, I.3
  • 6
    • 33846609195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of clinical cardiovascular events with carotid intima-media thickness: A systematic review and metaanalysis
    • Lorenz MW, Markus HS, Bots ML, et al. Prediction of clinical cardiovascular events with carotid intima-media thickness: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Circulation 2007; 115:459-467.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 459-467
    • Lorenz, M.W.1    Markus, H.S.2    Bots, M.L.3
  • 7
    • 33645810153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease): endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation
    • Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease): endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation. Circulation 2006; 113:e463-e654.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.113
    • Hirsch, A.T.1    Haskal, Z.J.2    Hertzer, N.R.3
  • 8
    • 33747449559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral arterial disease: Morbidity and mortality implications
    • Golomb BA, Dang TT, Criqui MH. Peripheral arterial disease: morbidity and mortality implications. Circulation 2006; 114:688-699.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 688-699
    • Golomb, B.A.1    Dang, T.T.2    Criqui, M.H.3
  • 10
    • 67349127553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk factor control and outcomes in peripheral artery disease patients in the Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry
    • Cacoub PP, Abola MT, Baumgartner I, et al. Cardiovascular risk factor control and outcomes in peripheral artery disease patients in the Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry. Atherosclerosis 2009; 204:e86-e92.
    • (2009) Atherosclerosis , vol.204
    • Cacoub, P.P.1    Abola, M.T.2    Baumgartner, I.3
  • 11
    • 33947533514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis
    • Steg PG, Bhatt DL, Wilson PW, et al. One-year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis. J Am Med Assoc 2007; 297:1197-1206.
    • (2007) J Am Med Assoc , vol.297 , pp. 1197-1206
    • Steg, P.G.1    Bhatt, D.L.2    Wilson, P.W.3
  • 12
    • 33745773680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of low ankle brachial index with high mortality in primary care
    • Diehm C, Lange S, Darius H, et al. Association of low ankle brachial index with high mortality in primary care. Eur Heart J 2006; 27:1743-1749.
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 1743-1749
    • Diehm, C.1    Lange, S.2    Darius, H.3
  • 13
    • 58449114663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial
    • Cacoub PP, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, et al. Patients with peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. Eur Heart J 2009; 30:192-201.
    • (2009) Eur Heart J , vol.30 , pp. 192-201
    • Cacoub, P.P.1    Bhatt, D.L.2    Steg, P.G.3
  • 14
    • 26844542906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The morbidity and mortality following a diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease: Long-term follow-up of a large database
    • Caro J, Migliaccio-Walle K, Ishak KJ, Proskorovsky I. The morbidity and mortality following a diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease: long-term follow-up of a large database. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2005; 5:14.
    • (2005) BMC Cardiovasc Disord , vol.5 , pp. 14
    • Caro, J.1    Migliaccio-Walle, K.2    Ishak, K.J.3    Proskorovsky, I.4
  • 15
    • 0037031061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15 MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: A randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360:7-22.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 7-22
  • 16
    • 32044470237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the clinical examination predict lower extremity peripheral arterial disease?
    • Khan NA, Rahim SA, Anand SS, et al. Does the clinical examination predict lower extremity peripheral arterial disease? J Am Med Assoc 2006; 295:536-546.
    • (2006) J Am Med Assoc , vol.295 , pp. 536-546
    • Khan, N.A.1    Rahim, S.A.2    Anand, S.S.3
  • 17
    • 3042719268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of lower-extremity disease in the US adult population-40 years of age with and without diabetes 1999-2000 national health and nutrition examination survey
    • Gregg EW, Sorlie P, Paulose-Ram R, et al. Prevalence of lower-extremity disease in the US adult population-40 years of age with and without diabetes: 1999-2000 national health and nutrition examination survey. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:1591-1597.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 1591-1597
    • Gregg, E.W.1    Sorlie, P.2    Paulose-Ram, R.3
  • 18
    • 0036082470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and clinical correlates of peripheral arterial disease in the Framingham Offspring Study
    • Murabito JM, Evans JC, Nieto K, et al. Prevalence and clinical correlates of peripheral arterial disease in the Framingham Offspring Study. Am Heart J 2002; 143:961-965.
    • (2002) Am Heart J , vol.143 , pp. 961-965
    • Murabito, J.M.1    Evans, J.C.2    Nieto, K.3
  • 19
    • 0031838214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral arterial disease in the elderly: The Rotterdam Study
    • Meijer WT, HoesAW, Rutgers D, et al. Peripheral arterial disease in the elderly: The Rotterdam Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18:185-192.
    • (1998) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.18 , pp. 185-192
    • Meijer, W.T.1    Hoes, A.W.2    Rutgers, D.3
  • 20
    • 73449118565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and vascular morbidity in older adults with asymptomatic versus symptomatic peripheral artery disease
    • Diehm C, Allenberg JR, Pittrow D, et al. Mortality and vascular morbidity in older adults with asymptomatic versus symptomatic peripheral artery disease. Circulation 2009; 120:2053-2061.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.120 , pp. 2053-2061
    • Diehm, C.1    Allenberg, J.R.2    Pittrow, D.3
  • 21
    • 1842506281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease predicted cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a 7-year follow-up study
    • Hooi JD, Kester AD, Stoffers HE, et al. Asymptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease predicted cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a 7-year follow-up study. J Clin Epidemiol 2004; 57:294-300.
    • (2004) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.57 , pp. 294-300
    • Hooi, J.D.1    Kester, A.D.2    Stoffers, H.E.3
  • 22
    • 0030470140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, natural history and cardiovascular events in symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the general population
    • Leng GC, Lee AJ, Fowkes FG, et al. Incidence, natural history and cardiovascular events in symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the general population. Int J Epidemiol 1996; 25:1172-1181.
    • (1996) Int J Epidemiol , vol.25 , pp. 1172-1181
    • Leng, G.C.1    Lee, A.J.2    Fowkes, F.G.3
  • 23
    • 0027164419 scopus 로고
    • Decreased ankle/arm blood pressure index and mortality in elderly women
    • Vogt MT, Cauley JA, Newman AB, et al. Decreased ankle/arm blood pressure index and mortality in elderly women. J Am Med Assoc 1993; 270:465-469.
    • (1993) J Am Med Assoc , vol.270 , pp. 465-469
    • Vogt, M.T.1    Cauley, J.A.2    Newman, A.B.3
  • 24
    • 55649114683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contemporary risk factor control and walking dysfunction in individuals with peripheral arterial disease: NHANES 1999-2004
    • Selvin E, Hirsch AT. Contemporary risk factor control and walking dysfunction in individuals with peripheral arterial disease: NHANES 1999-2004. Atherosclerosis 2008; 201:425-433.
    • (2008) Atherosclerosis , vol.201 , pp. 425-433
    • Selvin, E.1    Hirsch, A.T.2
  • 25
    • 33947691698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and risk factors in persons aged 60 and older: Data from the National Health and nutrition examination survey 1999-2004
    • Ostchega Y, Paulose-Ram R, Dillon CF, et al. Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and risk factors in persons aged 60 and older: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007; 55:583-589.
    • (2007) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.55 , pp. 583-589
    • Ostchega, Y.1    Paulose-Ram, R.2    Dillon, C.F.3
  • 26
    • 47049120408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of a low ankle brachial index in the general population by age, sex and deprivation: Cross-sectional survey of 28 980 men and women
    • Price JF, Stewart MC, Douglas AF, et al. Frequency of a low ankle brachial index in the general population by age, sex and deprivation: cross-sectional survey of 28 980 men and women. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2008; 15:370-375.
    • (2008) Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil , vol.15 , pp. 370-375
    • Price, J.F.1    Stewart, M.C.2    Douglas, A.F.3
  • 27
    • 68249137473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease and the value of the ankle-brachial index to stratify cardiovascular risk
    • Ramos R, Quesada M, Solanas P, et al. Prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease and the value of the ankle-brachial index to stratify cardiovascular risk. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2009; 38:305-311.
    • (2009) Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg , vol.38 , pp. 305-311
    • Ramos, R.1    Quesada, M.2    Solanas, P.3
  • 28
    • 33846147017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of a high ankle-brachial index: Insights from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
    • Wattanakit K, Folsom AR, Duprez DA, et al. Clinical significance of a high ankle-brachial index: insights from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Atherosclerosis 2007; 190:459-464.
    • (2007) Atherosclerosis , vol.190 , pp. 459-464
    • Wattanakit, K.1    Folsom, A.R.2    Duprez, D.A.3
  • 29
    • 33644871997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and cardiovascular risk across the ankle-arm index spectrum: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study
    • O'Hare AM, Katz R, Shlipak MG, et al. Mortality and cardiovascular risk across the ankle-arm index spectrum: results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation 2006; 113:388-393.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.113 , pp. 388-393
    • O'Hare, A.M.1    Katz, R.2    Shlipak, M.G.3
  • 30
    • 19544370524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of elevated ankle-brachial index in the United States 1999 to 2002
    • Resnick HE, Foster GL. Prevalence of elevated ankle-brachial index in the United States 1999 to 2002. Am J Med 2005; 118:676-679.
    • (2005) Am J Med , vol.118 , pp. 676-679
    • Resnick, H.E.1    Foster, G.L.2
  • 31
    • 77249099782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markers of atherosclerosis and inflammation for prediction of coronary heart disease in older adults
    • Rodondi N, Marques-Vidal P, Butler J, et al. Markers of atherosclerosis and inflammation for prediction of coronary heart disease in older adults. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 17:540-549.
    • (2010) Am J Epidemiol , vol.17 , pp. 540-549
    • Rodondi, N.1    Marques-Vidal, P.2    Butler, J.3
  • 32
    • 40849120917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high ankle-brachial index is associated with increased cardiovascular disease morbidity and lower quality of life
    • Allison MA, Hiatt WR, Hirsch AT, et al. A high ankle-brachial index is associated with increased cardiovascular disease morbidity and lower quality of life. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:1292-1298.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.51 , pp. 1292-1298
    • Ma, A.1    Hiatt, W.R.2    Hirsch, A.T.3
  • 33
    • 55549107191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of peripheral arterial disease predicts cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality
    • Criqui MH, Ninomiya JK, Wingard DL, et al. Progression of peripheral arterial disease predicts cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52:1736-1742.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.52 , pp. 1736-1742
    • Criqui, M.H.1    Ninomiya, J.K.2    Wingard, D.L.3
  • 34
    • 34347222921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of declining ankle-brachial index values in patients with suspected or known peripheral arterial disease
    • Feringa HH, Karagiannis SE, Schouten O, et al. Prognostic significance of declining ankle-brachial index values in patients with suspected or known peripheral arterial disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007; 34:206-213.
    • (2007) Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg , vol.34 , pp. 206-213
    • Feringa, H.H.1    Karagiannis, S.E.2    Schouten, O.3
  • 35
    • 33644973678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-term prognostic value of the resting and postexercise ankle-brachial index
    • Feringa HH, Bax JJ, van Waning VH, et al. The long-term prognostic value of the resting and postexercise ankle-brachial index. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166:529-535.
    • (2006) Arch Intern Med , vol.166 , pp. 529-535
    • Feringa, H.H.1    Bax, J.J.2    Van Waning, V.H.3
  • 36
    • 0035913589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care
    • Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care. J Am Med Assoc 2001; 286:1317-1324.
    • (2001) J Am Med Assoc , vol.286 , pp. 1317-1324
    • Hirsch, A.T.1    Criqui, M.H.2    Treat-Jacobson, D.3
  • 38
    • 33947580149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arterial ultrasonography and tonometry as adjuncts to cardiovascular risk stratification
    • Kullo IJ, Malik AR. Arterial ultrasonography and tonometry as adjuncts to cardiovascular risk stratification. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49:1413-1426.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.49 , pp. 1413-1426
    • Kullo, I.J.1    Malik, A.R.2
  • 39
    • 34948830609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid intima-media thickness by Bmode ultrasound as surrogate of coronary atherosclerosis: Correlation with quantitative coronary angiography and coronary intravascular ultrasound findings
    • Amato M, Montorsi P, Ravani A, et al. Carotid intima-media thickness by Bmode ultrasound as surrogate of coronary atherosclerosis: correlation with quantitative coronary angiography and coronary intravascular ultrasound findings. Eur Heart J 2007; 28:2094-2101.
    • (2007) Eur Heart J , vol.28 , pp. 2094-2101
    • Amato, M.1    Montorsi, P.2    Ravani, A.3
  • 41
    • 0032519844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of carotid arterial intima-media thickness in predicting clinical coronary events
    • Hodis HN, Mack WJ, LaBree L, et al. The role of carotid arterial intima-media thickness in predicting clinical coronary events. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128:262-269.
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.128 , pp. 262-269
    • Hodis, H.N.1    MacK, W.J.2    La Bree, L.3
  • 42
    • 2942733215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of arterial wall thickness as a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis
    • de Groot E, Hovingh GK, Wiegman A, et al. Measurement of arterial wall thickness as a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis. Circulation 2004; 109:III33-III38.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109
    • De Groot, E.1    Hovingh, G.K.2    Wiegman, A.3
  • 43
    • 38849140265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease risk: A consensus statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force. Endorsed by the Society for Vascular Medicine
    • Stein JH, Korcarz CE, Hurst RT, et al. Use of carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease risk: a consensus statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force. Endorsed by the Society for Vascular Medicine. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008; 21:93-111.
    • (2008) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.21 , pp. 93-111
    • Stein, J.H.1    Korcarz, C.E.2    Hurst, R.T.3
  • 44
    • 34249650811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and prognostic impact of subclinical cardiovascular disease in individuals with the metabolic syndrome and diabetes
    • Ingelsson E, Sullivan LM, Murabito JM, et al. Prevalence and prognostic impact of subclinical cardiovascular disease in individuals with the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Diabetes 2007; 56:1718-1726.
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , pp. 1718-1726
    • Ingelsson, E.1    Sullivan, L.M.2    Murabito, J.M.3
  • 45
    • 35648930406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid atherosclerosis is a stronger predictor of myocardial infarction in women than in men: A 6-year follow-up study of 6226 persons: The Tromso Study
    • Johnsen SH, Mathiesen EB, Joakimsen O, et al. Carotid atherosclerosis is a stronger predictor of myocardial infarction in women than in men: a 6-year follow-up study of 6226 persons: the Tromso Study. Stroke 2007; 38:2873-2880.
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 2873-2880
    • Johnsen, S.H.1    Mathiesen, E.B.2    Joakimsen, O.3
  • 46
    • 33644873556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid intima-media thickening indicates a higher vascular risk across a wide age range: Prospective data from the Carotid Atherosclerosis Progression Study (CAPS)
    • Lorenz MW, von Kegler S, Steinmetz H, et al. Carotid intima-media thickening indicates a higher vascular risk across a wide age range: prospective data from the Carotid Atherosclerosis Progression Study (CAPS). Stroke 2006; 37:87-92.
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 87-92
    • Lorenz, M.W.1    Von Kegler, S.2    Steinmetz, H.3
  • 47
    • 0034934956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is carotid intima-media thickness useful in cardiovascular disease risk assessment?
    • The Rotterdam Study
    • del Sol AI, Moons KG, Hollander M, et al. Is carotid intima-media thickness useful in cardiovascular disease risk assessment? The Rotterdam Study. Stroke 2001; 32:1532-1538.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 1532-1538
    • Del Sol, A.I.1    Moons, K.G.2    Hollander, M.3
  • 48
    • 0033531215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults
    • Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group
    • O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, et al. Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:14-22.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 14-22
    • O'Leary, D.H.1    Polak, J.F.2    Kronmal, R.A.3
  • 49
    • 0028067888 scopus 로고
    • Common carotid intima-media thickness and lower extremity arterial atherosclerosis
    • The Rotterdam Study
    • Bots ML, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. Common carotid intima-media thickness and lower extremity arterial atherosclerosis. The Rotterdam Study. Arterioscler Thromb 1994; 14:1885-1891.
    • (1994) Arterioscler Thromb , vol.14 , pp. 1885-1891
    • Bots, M.L.1    Hofman, A.2    De, G.3
  • 50
    • 0028936702 scopus 로고
    • Arterial wall thickness is associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults
    • The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
    • Burke GL, Evans GW, Riley WA, et al. Arterial wall thickness is associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Stroke 1995; 26:386-391.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 386-391
    • Burke, G.L.1    Evans, G.W.2    Riley, W.A.3
  • 51
    • 0031017941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease
    • The Edinburgh Artery Study
    • Allan PL, Mowbray PI, Lee AJ, Fowkes FG. Relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease. The Edinburgh Artery Study. Stroke 1997; 28:348-353.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 348-353
    • Allan, P.L.1    Mowbray, P.I.2    Lee, A.J.3    Fowkes, F.G.4
  • 52
    • 0031002886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of ankle-brachial index with clinical coronary heart disease, stroke and preclinical carotid and popliteal atherosclerosis: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
    • Zheng ZJ, Sharrett AR, Chambless LE, et al. Associations of ankle-brachial index with clinical coronary heart disease, stroke and preclinical carotid and popliteal atherosclerosis: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Atherosclerosis 1997; 131:115-125.
    • (1997) Atherosclerosis , vol.131 , pp. 115-125
    • Zheng, Z.J.1    Sharrett, A.R.2    Chambless, L.E.3
  • 53
    • 1542409914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of noninvasive measures of atherosclerosis for incident myocardial infarction: The Rotterdam Study
    • van der Meer I, Bots ML, Hofman A, et al. Predictive value of noninvasive measures of atherosclerosis for incident myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study. Circulation 2004; 109:1089-1094.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 1089-1094
    • Van Der Meer, I.1    Bots, M.L.2    Hofman, A.3
  • 54
    • 33846430532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACCF/AHA 2007 clinical expert consensus document on coronary artery calcium scoring by computed tomography in global cardiovascular risk assessment and in evaluation of patients with chest pain
    • a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron Beam Computed Tomography)
    • Greenland P, Bonow RO, Brundage BH, et al. ACCF/AHA 2007 clinical expert consensus document on coronary artery calcium scoring by computed tomography in global cardiovascular risk assessment and in evaluation of patients with chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron Beam Computed Tomography). Circulation 2007; 115:402-426.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 402-426
    • Greenland, P.1    Bonow, R.O.2    Brundage, B.H.3
  • 55
    • 33747135440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fromvulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: Part III: Executive summary of the Screening for Heart Attack Prevention and Education (SHAPE) Task Force report
    • Naghavi M, Falk E, Hecht HS, et al. Fromvulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: part III: executive summary of the Screening for Heart Attack Prevention and Education (SHAPE) Task Force report. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98:2H-15H.
    • (2006) Am J Cardiol , vol.98
    • Naghavi, M.1    Falk, E.2    Hecht, H.S.3
  • 56
    • 70349210201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular events with absent or minimal coronary calcification: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (mesa)
    • Budoff MJ, McClelland RL, Nasir K, et al. Cardiovascular events with absent or minimal coronary calcification: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Am Heart J 2009; 158:554-561.
    • (2009) Am Heart J , vol.158 , pp. 554-561
    • Budoff, M.J.1    McClelland, R.L.2    Nasir, K.3
  • 57
    • 38549151749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid atherosclerosis and vascular age in the assessment of coronary heart disease risk beyond the Framingham Risk Score
    • Junyent M, Zambon D, Gilabert R, et al. Carotid atherosclerosis and vascular age in the assessment of coronary heart disease risk beyond the Framingham Risk Score. Atherosclerosis 2008; 196:803-809.
    • (2008) Atherosclerosis , vol.196 , pp. 803-809
    • Junyent, M.1    Zambon, D.2    Gilabert, R.3
  • 58
    • 33748073105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of carotid intima-media thickness and vascular age to modify cardiovascular risk prediction
    • Gepner AD, Keevil JG, Wyman RA, et al. Use of carotid intima-media thickness and vascular age to modify cardiovascular risk prediction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2006; 19:1170-1174.
    • (2006) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.19 , pp. 1170-1174
    • Gepner, A.D.1    Keevil, J.G.2    Wyman, R.A.3
  • 59
    • 1842738660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of carotid atherosclerosis screening on risk stratification during primary cardiovascular disease prevention
    • Bard RL, Kalsi H, Rubenfire M, et al. Effect of carotid atherosclerosis screening on risk stratification during primary cardiovascular disease prevention. Am J Cardiol 2004; 93:1030-1032.
    • (2004) Am J Cardiol , vol.93 , pp. 1030-1032
    • Bard, R.L.1    Kalsi, H.2    Rubenfire, M.3
  • 60
    • 34347337594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of carotid artery intimamedia thickness, plaques, and C-reactive protein with future cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Cao JJ, Arnold AM, Manolio TA, et al. Association of carotid artery intimamedia thickness, plaques, and C-reactive protein with future cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation 2007; 116:32-38.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 32-38
    • Cao, J.J.1    Arnold, A.M.2    Manolio, T.A.3
  • 61
    • 46449116071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery calcification compared with carotid intima-media thickness in the prediction of cardiovascular disease incidence: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
    • Folsom AR, Kronmal RA, Detrano RC, et al. Coronary artery calcification compared with carotid intima-media thickness in the prediction of cardiovascular disease incidence: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Arch Intern Med 2008; 168:1333-1339.
    • (2008) Arch Intern Med , vol.168 , pp. 1333-1339
    • Folsom, A.R.1    Kronmal, R.A.2    Detrano, R.C.3
  • 62
    • 52449096934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid intima media thickness and plaques can predict the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular events
    • Prati P, Tosetto A, Vanuzzo D, et al. Carotid intima media thickness and plaques can predict the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular events. Stroke 2008; 39:2470-2476.
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , pp. 2470-2476
    • Prati, P.1    Tosetto, A.2    Vanuzzo, D.3
  • 63
    • 0141737762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary heart disease risk prediction in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
    • Chambless LE, Folsom AR, Sharrett AR, et al. Coronary heart disease risk prediction in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. J Clin Epidemiol 2003; 56:880-890.
    • (2003) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.56 , pp. 880-890
    • Chambless, L.E.1    Folsom, A.R.2    Sharrett, A.R.3
  • 64
    • 33947128658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of carotid artery intima-media thickness in dyslipidemic patients increases the power of traditional risk factors to predict cardiovascular events
    • Baldassarre D, Amato M, Pustina L, et al. Measurement of carotid artery intima-media thickness in dyslipidemic patients increases the power of traditional risk factors to predict cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis 2007; 191:403-408.
    • (2007) Atherosclerosis , vol.191 , pp. 403-408
    • Baldassarre, D.1    Amato, M.2    Pustina, L.3
  • 65
    • 65549142572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid-artery imaging in the diagnosis and management of patients at risk of stroke
    • King-Im JM, Young V, Gillard JH. Carotid-artery imaging in the diagnosis and management of patients at risk of stroke. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8:569-580.
    • (2009) Lancet Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 569-580
    • King-Im, J.M.1    Young, V.2    Gillard, J.H.3
  • 66
    • 44849117820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surrogate markers, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease prevention
    • Wierzbicki AS. Surrogate markers, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease prevention. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62:981-987.
    • (2008) Int J Clin Pract , vol.62 , pp. 981-987
    • Wierzbicki, A.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.