Helping behavior, dispositional empathic concern, and the principle of care

Social Psychology Quarterly

Volumn 73, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 11-32

  Wilhelm, Mark Ottoni ^a   Bekkers, René ^b  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Altruism; Empathy; Moral development; Moral identity; Prosocial behavior

Indexed keywords

EID: 77953799897     PISSN: 01902725     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0190272510361435     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Aquino, Karl and Americus Reed, II. 2002. The Self-importance of Moral Identity Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83(6):1423-40.
2. Bandy, Robert and Mark O. Wilhelm. 2008. Family Structure and Income during Childhood and Subsequent Prosocial Behavior by Young Adults. Mimeo, IUPUI.
3. Batson, C. Daniel. 1991. The Altruism Question: Toward a Social-psychological Answer. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
4. Batson, C. Daniel. 1994. Why Act for the Public Good? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 20(5):603-10.
5. Batson, C. Daniel. 1997. Self - Other Merging and the Empathy - Altruism Hypothesis: Reply to Neuberget al.(1997). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73(3):517-22.
6. Batson, C. Daniel. 1998. Altruism and Prosocial Behavior. Pp. 282-316 in The Handbook of Social Psychology. Vol. 2, edited by Daniel T. Gilbert, Susan. T. Fiske, and Gardner Lindzey. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
7. Batson, C. Daniel, Michelle H. Bolen, Julie A. Cross, and Helen E. Neuringer-Benefiel. 1986. Where is the Altruism in the Altruistic Personality? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50(1):212-20.
8. Batson, C. Daniel, Karen Sager, Eric Garst, Misook Kang, Kostia Rubchinsky, and Karen Dawson. 1997. Is Empathy-Induced Helping Due to Self-Other Merging? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73(3):495-509.
9. Bekkers, René. 2005. Participation in Voluntary Associations: Relations with Resources, Personality, and Political Values. Political Psychology 26(3):439-54.
10. Bekkers, René. 2006. Traditional and Health Related Philanthropy: The Role of Resources and Personality. Social Psychology Quarterly 69(4):349-66.
11. Bekkers, René. 2007. The Intergenerational Transmission of Volunteering. Acta Sociologica 50(2):99-114.
12. Berkowitz, Leonard and Kenneth G. Lutterman. 1968. The Traditionally Socially Responsible Personality. Public Opinion Quarterly 32(2):169-87.
13. Cappellari, Lorenzo and Stephen P. Jenkins. 2003. Multivariate Probit Regression using Simulated Maximum Likelihood. The Stata Journal, 3, 278-94.
14. Cialdini, Robert B., Stephanie L. Brown, Brian P. Lewis, Carol Luce, and Steven L. Neuberg. 1997. Reinterpreting the Empathy-Altruism Relationship: When One into One Equals Oneness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73(3):481-94.
15. Clary, E. Gil, Mark Snyder, Robert D. Ridge, John Copeland, Arthur A. Stukas, Julie Haugen, and Peter Miene. 1998. Understanding and Assessing the Motivations of Volunteers: A Functional Approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74(6):1516-30.
16. Clary, E. Gil, Mark Snyder, and Arthur A. Stukas. 1996. Volunteers Motivations: Findings from a National Survey. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 25(4):485-505.
17. Cortina, Jose M. 1993. What is Coefficient Alpha? An Examination of Theory and Applications. Journal of Applied Psychology 78(1):98-104.
18. Costa, Paul T. and Robert R. McCrae. 1992. Trait Psychology Comes of Age. Pp. 169-204 in Psychology and Aging: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 1991. Vol. 3, edited by Theo B. Sonderegger. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
19. Davis, James A. and Tom W. Smith. 1992. The NORC General Social Survey: A User's Guide. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
20. Davis, James A. and Tom W. Smith. 2005. General Social Surveys, 1972-2004 [machine-readable data file (46,698 logical records) and codebook (2,345 pages]. Principal Investigator, James A. Davis; Director and Co-Principal Investigator Tom W. Smith, and Co-Principal Investigator Peter V. Marsden, NORC editor. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center, producer. Storrs, Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, University of Connecticut, distributor.
21. Davis, Mark H. 1983a. The Effects of Dispositional Empathy on Emotional Reactions and Helping: A Multidimensional Approach. Journal of Personality 51(2):167-84.
22. Davis, Mark H. 1983b. Empathic Concern and Muscular Dystrophy Telethon: Empathy as a Multidimensional Construct. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 9(2):223-9.
23. Davis, Mark H. 1983c. Measuring Individual Differences in Empathy: Evidence for a Multidimensional Approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44(1):113-26.
24. Davis, Mark H. 1994. Empathy: A Social Psychological Approach. Boulder, CO: Westview.
25. Dovidio, John F., Jane A. Piliavin, David A. Schroeder, and Louis A. Penner. 2006. The Social Psychology of Prosocial Behavior. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
26. Einolf, Christopher J. 2008. Empathic Concern and Prosocial Behaviors: A Test of Experimental Results Using Survey Data. Social Science Research 37(4):1267-79.
27. Eisenberg, Nancy. 1982. The Development of Reason Regarding Prosocial Behavior. Pp. 219- 50 in The Development of Prosocial Behavior. Edited by Nancy Eisenberg. New York: Academic Press.
28. Eisenberg, Nancy. 1986. Altruistic Emotion, Cognition, and Behavior. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
29. Eisenberg, Nancy. 1991. Values, Sympathy, and Individual Differences: Toward a Pluralism of Factors Influencing Altruism and Empathy. Psychological Inquiry 2(2):128-31.
30. Eisenberg, Nancy and Richard A. Fabes. 1998. Prosocial Development. Pp. 701-78 in Handbook of Child Psychology. Vol. 3, 5th edition, edited by Nancy Eisenberg. New York: Wiley.
31. Eisenberg, Nancy, Ivanna K. Guthrie, Amanda Cumberland, Bridget C. Murphy, Stephanie A. Shepard, Qing Zhou, and Gustavo Carlo. 2002. Prosocial Development in Early Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82(6):993-1006.
32. Eisenberg, Nancy and Paul A. Miller. 1987. The Relationship of Empathy to Prosocial and Related Behaviors. Psychological Bulletin 101(1):91-119.
33. Eisenberg, Nancy, Paul A. Miller, Mark Schaller, Richard A. Fabes, Jim Fultz, Rita Shell, and Cindy L. Shea. 1989. The Role of Sympathy and Altruistic Personality Traits in Helping: A Re-examination Journal of Personality 57(1):41-67.
34. Eisenberg, Nancy and Paul H. Mussen. 1989. The Roots of Prosocial Behavior in Children. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
35. Grube, Jean A. and Jane A. Piliavin. 2000. Role Identity, Organizational Experiences and Volunteer Performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26(9):1108-19.
36. Haidt, Jonathan. 2006. The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom. New York: Basic Books.
37. Hoffman, Martin L. 2000. Empathy and Moral Development: Implications for Caring and Justice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
38. Lee, Lichang, Jane A. Piliavin, and Vaughn R.A. Call. 1999. Giving Time, Money and Blood: Similarities and Differences. Social Psychology Quarterly 62(3):276-90.
39. Midlarsky, Elizabeth, Eva Kahana, Robin Corley, Robin Nemeroff, and Rosalea A. Schonbar. 1999. Altruistic Moral Judgment Among Older Adults. International Journal of Aging and Human Development 49(1):27-41.
40. Musick, Marc A. and John Wilson. 2008. Volunteers: A Social Profile. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
41. Muthén, Linda. K. and Bengt O. Muthén. 2007. Mplus User's Guide (Fourth edition). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén and Muthén.
42. Neuberg, Steven L., Robert B. Cialdini, Stephanie L. Brown, Carol Luce, and Brad J. Sagarin. 1997. Does Empathy Lead to Anything More than Superficial Helping? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73(3):510-16.
43. Nickell, Gary S. 1998. The Helping Attitude Scale. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.
44. Oliner, Samuel P. and Pearl M. Oliner. 1988. The Altruistic Personality: Rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. New York: The Free Press.
45. Penner, Louis A. and Marcia A. Finkelstein. 1998. Dispositional and Structural Determinants of Volunteerism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74(2):525-37.
46. Penner, Louis A., Barbara A. Fritzsche, J. Philip Craiger, and Tamara S. Freifeld. 1995. Measuring the Prosocial Personality. Pp. 147-163 in Advances in Personality Assessment. Vol. 10, edited by James Butcher and Charles D. Spielberger. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
47. Piliavin, Jane A. and Peter L. Callero. 1991. Giving Blood: The Development of an Altruistic Identity. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
48. Piliavin, Jane A., Peter L. Callero, and Jean A. Grube. 2002. Role as Resource for Action in Public Service. Journal of Social Issues 58(3):469-86.
49. Ribar, David C. and Mark O. Wilhelm. 2002. Altruistic and Joy-of-Giving Motivations in Charitable Behavior. Journal of Political Economy 110(2):425-57.
50. Rushton, J. Philippe, Roland D. Chrisjohn, and G. Cynthia Fekken. 1981. The Altruistic Personality and the Self-report Altruism Scale. Personality and Individual Differences 2(4):293-302.
51. Schroeder, David A., Louis A. Penner, John F. Dovidio, and Jane A. Piliavin. 1995. The Psychology of Helping and Altruism: Problems and Puzzles. New York: McGraw-Hill.
52. Schwartz, Shalom H. 1968. Words, Deeds, and the Perception of Consequences and Responsibility in Action Situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 10(3):232-42.
53. Schwartz, Shalom H. 1992. Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries. Pp. 1-65 in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Vol. 25, edited by Mark P. Zanna. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
54. Schwartz, Shalom H. and Judith A. Howard. 1984. Internalized Values as Motivators of Altruism. Pp. 229-55 in Development and Maintenance of Prosocial Behavior: International Perspectives on Positive Morality, edited by Ervin Staub, Daniel Bar-Tal, Jerzy Karylowski, and Janusz Reykowski. New York: Plenum.
55. Shrout, Patrick E. and Niall Bolger. 2002. Mediation in Experimental and Nonexperimental Studies: New Procedures and Recommendations. Psychological Methods 7(4):422-45.
56. Smith, Tom W. 2003. Altruism in Contemporary America: A Report From the National Altruism Study. Chicago, IL: National Opinion Research Center.
57. Smith, Tom W. 2006. Altruism and Empathy in America: Trends and Correlates. Chicago, IL: National Opinion Research Center.
58. Staub, Ervin. 1978. Positive Social Behavior and Morality: Social and Personality Influences (Volume 1). New York: Academic Press.
59. Staub, Ervin. 1991. Altruistic and Moral Motivations for Helping and Their Translation into Action. Psychological Inquiry 2(2):150-3.
60. Staub, Ervin. 2003. The Psychology of Good and Evil: Why Children, Adults, and Groups Help and Harm Others. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
61. Stets, Jan E. and Michael J. Carter. 2006. The Moral Identity: A Principle Level Identity. Pp. 293-316 in Purpose, Meaning, and Action: Control Systems Theories in Sociology, edited by Kent A. McClelland and Thomas J. Fararo. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
62. Streiner, David L. 2003. Starting at the Beginning: An Introduction to Coefficient Alpha and Internal Consistency. Journal of Personality Assessment 80(1):99-103.
63. Stürmer, Stefan, Mark Snyder, Alexandra Kropp, and Birte Siem. 2006. Empathy-motivated Helping: The Moderating Role of Group Membership. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 32(7):943-56.
64. Stürmer, Stefan, Mark Snyder, and Allen M. Omoto. 2005. Prosocial Emotions and Helping: The Moderating Role of Group Membership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88(3):532-46.
65. Vesterlund, Lise, Mark O. Wilhelm, and Huan Xie. 2008. Motives for Charitable Giving. Mimeo, University of Pittsburgh.
66. Webb, Deborah J., Corliss L. Green, and Thomas G. Brashear. 2000. Development and Validation of Scales to Measure Attitudes Influencing Monetary Donations to Charitable Organizations. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 28(2):299-309.
67. Wilhelm, Mark Ottoni, Eleanor Brown, Patrick M. Rooney, and Richard Steinberg. 2008. The Intergenerational Transmission of Generosity. Journal Public Economics 92(10-1):2146-56.
68. Wilson, John. 2000. Volunteering. Annual Review of Sociology 26:215-40.
69. Wilson, Timothy D. 2002. Strangers to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
70. Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. 2006. Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach. 3rd edition. Mason, OH: Thompson South-Western.