-
1
-
-
0032912161
-
Disease gene patents: Overcoming unethical constraints on clinical laboratory medicine
-
at 329
-
JF Merz, 'Disease gene patents: overcoming unethical constraints on clinical laboratory medicine' (1999) Clinical Chemistry 45, 324 at 329.
-
(1999)
Clinical Chemistry
, vol.45
, pp. 324
-
-
Merz, J.F.1
-
2
-
-
85076729257
-
-
accessed 11 December 2008
-
See, http://www.epo. org/topics/news/2008/20081119.html (accessed 11 December 2008).
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
20444456121
-
-
accessed 9 September 2007
-
Laboratory Services for Genetics (2000), Report of an Expert Working Group to the NHS Executive and the Human Genetics Commission, http:// www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HealthAndSocialCareTopics/Genetics/ GeneticsGeneralInformation/GeneticsGeneralArticle/fs/en?CONTENT_ ID=4016215&chk=wWClVT (accessed 9 September 2007);
-
(2000)
Report of an Expert Working Group to the NHS Executive and the Human Genetics Commission
-
-
-
8
-
-
33644923081
-
-
accessed 10 October 2007
-
British Medical Association, Gene Patenting: A Discussion Paper (2001), http://www.bma.org.uk (accessed 10 October 2007);
-
(2001)
Gene Patenting: A Discussion Paper
-
-
-
9
-
-
0003628087
-
-
Nuffield Council on Bioethics, Nuffield Council on Bioethics, London
-
Nuffield Council on Bioethics, The Ethics of Patenting DNA; A Discussion Paper (Nuffield Council on Bioethics, London, 2002);
-
(2002)
The Ethics of Patenting DNA; A Discussion Paper
-
-
-
12
-
-
1342346034
-
Provision of genetic services in Europe: Current practices and issues
-
B Godard, H Kaarianen, U Kristoffersson, et al., 'Provision of genetic services in Europe: current practices and issues' (2003) Eur. J. Hum. Genetics 11, Suppl 2, S13-S48.
-
(2003)
Eur. J. Hum. Genetics
, vol.11
, pp. S13-S48
-
-
Godard, B.1
Kaarianen, H.2
Kristoffersson, U.3
-
14
-
-
33846876274
-
DNA patenting: The end of an era?
-
M Hopkins, S Mahdi, P Patel, and S Thomas, 'DNA Patenting: the end of an era?' (2007) Nature Biotechnology 25, 2.
-
(2007)
Nature Biotechnology
, vol.25
, pp. 2
-
-
Hopkins, M.1
Mahdi, S.2
Patel, P.3
Thomas, S.4
-
16
-
-
85076687527
-
Lord Hoffmann in UK: Kirin Amgen Inc. V Hoescht Marion Roussel Ltd and Others
-
Lord Hoffmann in UK: Kirin Amgen Inc. v Hoescht Marion Roussel Ltd and Others [2005] 1 All ER 667, HL.
-
(2005)
All ER
, vol.1
, pp. 667
-
-
-
20
-
-
85076721907
-
-
Department of Health, Our Inheritance
-
Department of Health, Our Inheritance, Our Future. Genetics White Paper (2003).
-
(2003)
Our Future. Genetics White Paper
-
-
-
21
-
-
85076767302
-
UK: Allen & Hanburys Ltd v Generics (UK) LTD and GIST-brocades
-
UK: Allen & Hanburys Ltd v Generics (UK) Ltd and Gist-Brocades [1986] RPC 203.
-
(1986)
RPC
, pp. 203
-
-
-
22
-
-
25844453473
-
Exclusive rights, statutory licenses and compulsory licenses in patent and utility model law
-
FK Beier, 'Exclusive rights, statutory licenses and compulsory licenses in patent and utility model law' (1999) IIC 30 (3), 251.
-
(1999)
IIC
, vol.30
, Issue.3
, pp. 251
-
-
Beier, F.K.1
-
24
-
-
85076744674
-
-
Though the wild-type BRCA gene and various discovered mutations were under US patents: US 5,710,001; and US 5,654,155
-
Though the wild-type BRCA gene and various discovered mutations were under US patents: US 5,747,282; US 5,710,001; and US 5,654,155.
-
-
-
-
26
-
-
85076784989
-
-
OJ EPO 7/1999, 437.
-
(1999)
OJ EPO
, vol.7
, pp. 437
-
-
-
28
-
-
85076769292
-
Post-genomic technologies: Hunting the genes for common disorders
-
C Matthew, 'Post-genomic technologies: hunting the genes for common disorders' (2000) BMJ 322, 1031.
-
(2000)
BMJ
, vol.322
, pp. 1031
-
-
Matthew, C.1
-
30
-
-
85076779534
-
EPO: T1191/01 Icos Corp v SKB
-
EPO: T1191/01 Icos Corp v SKB [2002] OJEPO 5.
-
(2002)
OJEPO
, pp. 5
-
-
-
31
-
-
85076370255
-
EPO: Howard Florey/relaxin
-
EPO: Howard Florey/Relaxin [1995] OJEPO 388.
-
(1995)
OJEPO
, pp. 388
-
-
-
32
-
-
77951467409
-
Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. And another V H.N.
-
83
-
Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Another v H.N. [1996] RPC 76, 83.
-
(1996)
RPC
, pp. 76
-
-
-
33
-
-
85076763055
-
-
Brussels, 8 November
-
M Hopkins, M Mahdi, P Patel, and S Thomas, Paper given at EPO seminar on Patenting biotechnological inventions in Europe, Brussels, 8 November 2007.
-
(2007)
EPO Seminar on Patenting Biotechnological Inventions in Europe
-
-
Hopkins, M.1
Mahdi, M.2
Patel, P.3
Thomas, S.4
-
34
-
-
34948899237
-
Gene patents and genetic testing in the United States
-
See RD Klein, 'Gene patents and genetic testing in the United States' (2007) 25 Nature Biotechnology 9 989.
-
(2007)
Nature Biotechnology
, vol.25
, pp. 9
-
-
Klein, R.D.1
-
35
-
-
84917010168
-
The patentability and protection of DNA-based inventions in the EPO and European Union
-
D Schertenleib, 'The patentability and protection of DNA-based inventions in the EPO and European Union' [2003] 3 EIPR 125;
-
(2003)
EIPR
, vol.3
, pp. 125
-
-
Schertenleib, D.1
-
36
-
-
85076769232
-
Patenting genes and gene sequences and competition: Patenting at the expense of competition
-
C Lawson, 'Patenting genes and gene sequences and competition: patenting at the expense of competition' (2003) Fed. L. Rev. 4;
-
(2003)
Fed. L. Rev.
, pp. 4
-
-
Lawson, C.1
-
37
-
-
0036903095
-
Shares in the human genome-the future of patenting DNA
-
SM Thomas, M Hopkins, and M Brady, 'Shares in the human genome-the future of patenting DNA' (2002) Nature Biotechnology 20 (12), 1185.
-
(2002)
Nature Biotechnology
, vol.20
, Issue.12
, pp. 1185
-
-
Thomas, S.M.1
Hopkins, M.2
Brady, M.3
-
38
-
-
33750487891
-
Harvard College v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)
-
Harvard College v Canada (Commissioner of Patents), (2002) 4 SCR 45.
-
(2002)
SCR
, vol.4
, pp. 45
-
-
-
39
-
-
33644514398
-
Patents and medical law biotechnology
-
Occasional Paper University of Tasmania, Australia, accessed August 2004
-
D Nicol and J Nielson, 'Patents and medical law biotechnology' (2003). Centre for Law and Genetics, Occasional Paper No. 6, University of Tasmania, Australia, www.ipria.org/publications/pubfliers/BiotechReportFinal.pdf (accessed August 2004).
-
(2003)
Centre for Law and Genetics
-
-
Nicol, D.1
Nielson, J.2
-
40
-
-
0037320920
-
Effects of patents and licenses on the provision of clinical genetic testing services
-
MK Cho, S Illangasekare, MA Weaver, D Leonard, and J Merz, 'Effects of patents and licenses on the provision of clinical genetic testing services'(2003) JMD (5), 1.
-
(2003)
JMD
, Issue.5
, pp. 1
-
-
Cho, M.K.1
Illangasekare, S.2
Weaver, M.A.3
Leonard, D.4
Merz, J.5
-
43
-
-
85076740412
-
Report from the commission to the European Parliament and Council
-
Final
-
Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and Council (COM (2005) 312 Final).
-
(2005)
COM
, pp. 312
-
-
-
44
-
-
85076736494
-
EPO: EISAI/Second medical use
-
point 22
-
EPO: EISAI/Second Medical Use [1985] OJ EPO 64, point 22.
-
(1985)
OJ EPO
, pp. 64
-
-
-
45
-
-
85076783268
-
Icos Corp v SKB
-
T1191/01 where speculative functional claims were considered to lack industrial application
-
T1191/01 Icos Corp v SKB [2002] OJ EPO 5 (where speculative functional claims were considered to lack industrial application).
-
(2002)
OJ EPO
, pp. 5
-
-
-
46
-
-
85076770919
-
-
19 December accessed 12 December 2005
-
N Stafford, 'German biopatent law is passed' (19 December 2004), http://www.biomedcentral.com/news/20041209/01 (accessed 12 December 2005).
-
(2004)
German Biopatent Law Is Passed
-
-
Stafford, N.1
-
47
-
-
85076737935
-
Patenting DNA sequences and scope of protection in the EU
-
EU Commission (EUR 21122), Brussels
-
SJR Bostyn, Patenting DNA Sequences and Scope of Protection in the EU (2003) Community Research Report (EU Commission (EUR 21122), Brussels).
-
(2003)
Community Research Report
-
-
Bostyn, S.J.R.1
-
50
-
-
85076370255
-
EPO: Howard Florey/ relaxin
-
EPO: Howard Florey/ Relaxin [1995] OJ EPO 388.
-
(1995)
OJ EPO
, pp. 388
-
-
-
51
-
-
0029347610
-
Patenting medical and surgical procedures
-
The USPTO has also developed strict requirements for proving efficacy of any method of treatment claim
-
The USPTO has also developed strict requirements for proving efficacy of any method of treatment claim, see WD Noonan, 'Patenting medical and surgical procedures' (1995) 77 J. Pat. Trademark Off. Soc'y. 651.
-
(1995)
J. Pat. Trademark Off. Soc'Y.
, vol.77
, pp. 651
-
-
Noonan, W.D.1
-
52
-
-
84881728900
-
A test too far? A critical analysis of the (non) patentability of diagnostic methods and consequences for BRCA1 gene type patents in Europe
-
A price fixing scheme for diagnostics as an alternative to compulsory licensing was touched upon in
-
A price fixing scheme for diagnostics as an alternative to compulsory licensing was touched upon in SJR Bostyn, 'A test too far? A critical analysis of the (non) patentability of diagnostic methods and consequences for BRCA1 gene type patents in Europe' (2003) Bio-Science L. Rev. (4) 111.
-
(2003)
Bio-Science L. Rev.
, Issue.4
, pp. 111
-
-
Bostyn, S.J.R.1
-
54
-
-
85076742877
-
-
the 2009 at: accessed 20 January 2009
-
See the 2009 PPRS at: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Healthcare/Medicinespharmacyandindustry/Pharmaceuticalpriceregulationscheme/ 2009PPRS/index.htm (accessed 20 January 2009).
-
PPRS
-
-
-
55
-
-
85076767473
-
-
May accessed 12 July 2004
-
PPRS, Report to Parliament, May 1996, www.dh.gov.uk/.../Pharmaceuticalpriceregulationscheme/PPRSreportstoparliament/index. htm (accessed 12 July 2004).
-
(1996)
Report to Parliament
-
-
-
56
-
-
85076785455
-
-
Please: accessed 20 January 2009
-
'Please see: http://www.oft.gov.uk/advice_and_resources/resource_base/market-studies/completed/price-regulation (accessed 20 January 2009).
-
-
-
-
57
-
-
85076757501
-
-
A press release was published on 19 November 2008 about the agreement for a 2009 PPRS. accessed 20 January 2009
-
A press release was published on 19 November 2008 about the agreement for a 2009 PPRS. See http://nds.coi.gov.uk/environment/fullDetail. asp?ReleaseID=384674&NewsAreaID=2&NavigatedFrom Department=False (accessed 20 January 2009).
-
-
-
-
58
-
-
35348995031
-
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, the 'medical exclusion' and the Biotechnology Directive
-
A Odell-West, 'Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, the 'medical exclusion' and the Biotechnology Directive' Med. L. Int. 8, 239.
-
Med. L. Int.
, vol.8
, pp. 239
-
-
Odell-West, A.1
-
59
-
-
85076725578
-
-
n 4 above; The OECD report, n 13 above, at
-
Laboratory Services for Genetics, n 4 above; The OECD report, n 13 above, at 72.
-
Laboratory Services for Genetics
, pp. 72
-
-
|