Rethinking political structures: From ‘ordering principles’ to ‘vertical differentiation’ – and beyond

International Theory

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 49-86

  Donnelly, Jack ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DENVER   (United States)

Author keywords

anarchy; differentiation; heterarchy; hierarchy; ordering principles; structure

Indexed keywords

EID: 77953690323     PISSN: 17529719     EISSN: 17529727     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1752971909000037     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Albert M., Buzan B. (2007), ‘Functional differentiation and sectors: between sociology and international relations’, unpublished paper.
2. Archer M.S. (1982), ‘Morphogenesis versus structuration: on combining structure and action’, British Journal of Sociology 33(4): 455–483.
3. Archer M.S. (1995), Realist Social Theory: The Morphogenetic Approach, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4. Archer M.S. (2000a), Being Human: The Problem of Agency, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5. Archer M.S. (2000b), ‘For structure: its reality, properties and powers. A reply to Anthony King’, Sociological Review 48(3): 464–472.
6. Blau P.M. (1977), Inequality and Heterogeneity: A Primitive Theory of Social Structure, New York: The Free Press.
7. Blau P.M. (ed.) (1975), Approaches to the Study of Social Structure, New York: The Free Press.
8. Bourdieu P. (1977) [1972], Outline of a Theory of Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9. Bourdieu P. (1990) [1980], The Logic of Practice, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
10. Bull H. (1977), The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics, New York: Columbia University Press.
11. Buzan B. (2004), From International Society to World Society? English School Theory and the Social Structure of Globalization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12. Buzan B., Little R. (2000), International Systems in World History: Remaking the Study of International Relations, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13. Cronin B. (1999), Community under Anarchy: Transnational Identity and the Evolution of Cooperation, New York: Columbia University Press.
14. Crumley C.L. (1987), ‘Celtic settlement before the conquest: the dialectics of landscape and power’, in C.L. Crumley and W.H. Marquardt (eds), Regional Dynamics: Burgundian Landscapes in Historical Perspective, San Diego: Academic Press.
15. Crumley C.L. (2005), ‘Remember how to organize: heterarchy across disciplines’, in C.S. Beekman and W.W. Baden (eds), Nonlinear Models for Archaeology and Anthropology: Continuing the Revolution, Aldershot: Ashgate.
16. Curry D. (2006), ‘Relations revised: a nuanced approach to multilevel governance’, CEU Political Science Journal 5: 77–93 at http://www.ceeol.com.
17. Deudney D. (1995), ‘The Philadelphian system: sovereignty, arms control, and balance of power in the American States-Union, circa 1787–1861’, International Organization 49(2): 191–228.
18. Deudney D. (2007), Bounding Power: Republican Security Theory from the Polis to the Global Village, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
19. DiCicco J.M., Levy J.S. (1999), ‘Power shifts and problem shifts: the evolution of the Power Transition Research Program’, Journal of Conflict Resolution 43(6): 675–704.
20. Dickinson E.D. (1920), The Equality of States in International Law, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
21. Donnelly J. (2006), ‘Sovereign inequalities and hierarchy in anarchy: American power and international society’, European Journal of International Relations 12(2): 139–170.
22. Doyle M.W. (1986), Empires, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
23. Easton D. (1953), The Political System: An Inquiry into the State of Political Science, New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
24. Ehrenreich R.M., Crumley C.L., Levy J.E. (eds) (1995), Heterarchy and the Analysis of Complex Societies, Arlington: American Anthropological Association.
25. Eisenstadt S.N. (1968), Empires, in D.L. Sills (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, The Macmillan Company & The Free Press.
26. Ermacora F. (1987), ‘Confederations and other unions of states’, in R. Bernhardt (ed.), Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Volume 10, Amsterdam: North-Holland.
27. Findlay C.S., Lumsden C.J. (1988), ‘The creative mind: toward an evolutionary theory of discovery and innovation’, Journal of Social and Biological Structure 11(1–3): 3–55.
28. George A.L., Bennett A. (2004), Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences, Cambridge: Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.
29. Gilpin R. (1981), War and Change in World Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
30. Hall M. (2004), ‘On the morphology of international systems: political space as structure and process in early medieval Europe,’ CFE (Center for European Studies at Lund University) Working Paper.
31. Hall R.B. (1997), ‘Moral authority as a power resource’, International Organization 51(4): 591–622.
32. Hall W.E. (1895), A Treatise on International Law, 4th edn., Oxford: Clarendon Press.
33. Harrison N.E. (2006), ‘Thinking about the world we make’, in N.E. Harrison (ed.), Complexity in World Politics: Concepts and Methods of a New Paradigm, Albany: State University of New York Press.
34. Harrison T.P., Savage S.H. (2003), ‘Settlement heterogeneity and multivariate craft production in the early bronze age southern levant’, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 16(1): 33–57.
35. Hedlund G. (1986), ‘The hypermodern MNC: a heterarchy?’, Human Resource Management 25(1): 9–35.
36. Hedlund G., Rolander D. (1996), ‘Action in heterarchies: new approaches to managing the MNC’, in C.A. Bartlett and G. Hedlund (eds), Managing the Global Firm, London: Routledge.
37. Hobson J.M., Sharman J.C. (2005), ‘The enduring place of hierarchy in world politics: tracing the social logics of hierarchy and political change’, European Journal of International Relations 11(1): 63–98.
38. Hofstadter D.R. (1979), Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, New York: Basic Books.
39. Ikenberry G.J. (2001), After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of Order After Major Wars, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
40. Ikenberry G.J. (2006), Liberal Order and Imperial Ambitions: Essays on American Power and World Politics, Cambridge: Polity.
41. Jackson R.H. (1990), Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
42. Jervis R. (1985), ‘From balance to concert: a study of international security cooperation’, World Politics 38(1): 58–79.
43. Jervis R. (1991–1992), ‘The future of world politics: will it resemble the past?’, International Security 16(3): 39–73.
44. Jervis R. (1997), System Effects: Complexity in Political and Social Life, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
45. Jessop B. (1998), ‘The rise of governance and the risks of failure: the case of economic development’, International Social Science Journal 50(155): 29–45.
46. Jessop B. (2005), ‘Multi-level governance and multi-level metagovernance: changes in the European Union as integral moments in the transformation and reorientation of contemporary statehood’, in I. Bache and M. Flinders (eds), Multi-level Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
47. Johnson A.G. (2000), The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology, 2nd edn., Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
48. Katzenstein P.J., Keohane R.O., Krasner S.D. (1999), ‘International organization and the study of world politics’, International Organization 52(4): 645–685.
49. Kaufman S., Little R., Wohlforth W. (eds) (2007), The Balance of Power in World History, Houndmills: Palgrave MacMillan.
50. Keohane R.O., Nye J.S. (1977), Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition, Boston: Little, Brown.
51. Kontopoulos K.M. (1993), The Logics of Social Structure, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
52. Krasner S.D. (1992), ‘Realism, imperialism, and democracy: a response to Gilbert’, Political Theory 20(1): 38–52.
53. Kurki M. (2008), Causation in International Relations: Reclaiming Causal Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
54. Lipschutz R.D. (1998), ‘Bioregionalism, civil society, and global environmental governance’, in M.V. McGinnis (ed.), Bioregionalism, London: Routledge.
55. Lowenheim O. (2007), Predators and Parasites: Persistent Agents of Transnational Harm and Great Power Authority, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
56. Luhmann N. (1995) [1984], Social Systems, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
57. Maccoby M. (1991), ‘Move from hierarchy to heterarchy’, Research Technology Management 34(5): 46–47.
58. Maturana H.R., Varela F.J. (1980), Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company.
59. McNair A.D. (1927), ‘Equality in international law’, Michigan Law Review 26(2): 131–152.
60. Mearsheimer J.J. (2001), The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, New York: Norton.
61. Merton R.K. (1968), Social Theory and Social Structure. 1968 Enlarged ed., New York: The Free Press.
62. Michael D.N. (1983), ‘Neither hierarchy nor anarchy: notes for norms on governance in a systemic world’, in W.T. Anderson (ed.), Rethinking Liberalism, New York: Avon Books.
63. Milner H.V. (1998), ‘Reconceptualizing politics: the emerging synthesis of international, American, and comparative politics’, International Organization 52(4): 759–786.
64. Miura S. (2004), Heterarchy in world politics: circularity, distributed authority, and networks. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association.
65. Motyl A.J. (2001), Imperial Ends: The Decay, Collapse, and Revival of Empires, New York: Columbia University Press.
66. Nadel S.F. (1957), The Theory of Social Structure, Glencoe: The Free Press.
67. Nexon D.H., Wright T. (2007), ‘What's at stake in the American Empire debate’, American Political Science Review 101(2): 253–271.
68. Neyer J. (2003), ‘Discourse and order in the EU: a deliberative approach to multi-level governance’, in E.O. Eriksen, C. Joerges and J. Neyer (eds), European Governance, Deliberation and the Quest for Democratisation, Oslo: ARENA and European University Institute.
69. Onuf N., Klink F.F. (1989), ‘Anarchy, authority, rule’, International Studies Quarterly 33(2): 149–173.
70. Oppenheim L. (1955), International Law: A Treatise, 8th edn., 2 vols., New York: David McKay Company.
71. Penttila R.E.J. (2003), ‘The G8 as a concert of powers’, Adelphi Papers 43(355): 17–32.
72. Pertulla T.K. (1992), The Caddo Nation: Archaeological and Ethnohistoric Perspectives, Austin: University of Texas Press.
73. Rautman A.E. (1998), ‘Hierarchy and heterarchy in the American Southwest: a comment on McGuire and Saitta’, American Antiquity 63(2): 325–333.
74. Riggs F.W. (1961), ‘International relations as a prismatic system’, in K. Knorr and S. Verba (eds), The International System: Theoretical Essays, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
75. Rittberger V. (2008), Global governance: from ‘exclusive’ executive multilateralism to inclusive, multipartite institutions. Paper prepared for the 49th Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association.
76. Rosenberg J. (2006), ‘Why is there no international historical sociology?’, European Journal of International Relations 12(3): 307–340.
77. Ruggie J.G. (1983), ‘Continuity and transformation in the world polity: toward a neorealist synthesis’, World Politics 35(2): 261–285.
78. Ruggie J.G. (1993), ‘Territoriality and beyond: problematizing modernity in international relations’, International Organization 47(1): 139–174.
79. Sawyer R.K. (2005), Social Emergence: Societies as Complex Systems, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
80. Schwaninger M. (2000), ‘Distributed control in social systems’, in F. Parra Luna (ed.), The Performance of Social Systems: Perspectives and Problems, Berlin: Springer.
81. Schwarzenberger G. (1951), Power Politics: A Study of International Society, 2nd edn., London/New York: Stevens/F.A. Praeger.
82. Sinopoli C.M. (1991), Approaches to Archaeological Ceramics, New York: Plenum Press.
83. Slaughter A.-M. (2004), A New World Order, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
84. Snyder G.H. (1996), ‘Process variables in neorealist theory’, Security Studies 5(3): 167–192.
85. Spickard J.V. (2004), ‘Globalization and religious organizations: rethinking the relationship between church, culture, and market’, International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 18(1): 47–63.
86. Stark D. (1999), ‘Heterarchy: distributing authority and organizing diversity’, in J.H.I. Clippinger (ed.), The Biology of Business: Decoding the Natural Laws of Enterprise, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
87. Stein G.J. (1998), ‘Heterogeneity, power, and political economy: some current research issues in the archaeology of old world complex societies’, Journal of Archaeological Research 6(1): 1–44.
88. Tokoro M., Mogi K. (2007), Creativity and the Brain, Singapore: World Scientific.
89. Waltz K.N. (1979), Theory of International Politics, New York: Random House.
90. Waltz K.N. (1986), ‘Reflections on Theory of International Politics: a response to my critics’, in R.O. Keohane (ed.), Neo-Realism and Its Critics, New York: Columbia University Press.
91. Waltz K.N. (1988), ‘The origins of war in neorealist theory’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History 18(4): 615–628.
92. Waltz K.N. (1990), ‘Realist thought and neo-realist theory’, Journal of International Affairs 44(1): 21–37.
93. Waltz K.N. (1993), ‘The emerging structure of international politics’, International Security 18(2): 44–79.
94. Waltz K.N. (1997), ‘Evaluating theories’, American Political Science Review 91(4): 913–917.
95. Waltz K.N. (2000), ‘Structural realism after the cold war’, International Security 25(1): 5–41.
96. Watson A. (1992), The Evolution of International Society: A Comparative Historical Analysis, London: Routledge.
97. Weber K. (2000), Hierarchy Amidst Anarchy: Transaction Costs and Institutional Choice, Albany: State University of New York Press.
98. Weber S. (1990), ‘Realism, detente, and nuclear weapons’, International Organization 44(1): 55–82.
99. Wendt A. (1999), Social Theory of International Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
100. Wendt A., Friedheim D. (1995), ‘Hierarchy under anarchy: informal empire and the East German state’, International Organization 49(4): 689–721.
101. Wheaton H. (1866), Elements of International Law, 8th edn., Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.
102. Wight C. (2006), Agents, Structures and International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
103. Yoffee N. (1979), ‘The decline and rise of mesopotamian civilization: an ethnoarchaeological perspective on the evolution of social complexity’, American Antiquity 44(1): 5–35.
104. Yoffee N. (2005), Myths of the Archaic State: Evolution of the Earliest Cities, States and Civilizations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.