Evaluation of the Widal tube agglutination test for the diagnosis of typhoid fever among children admitted to a rural hdospital in Tanzania and a comparison with previous studies

BMC Infectious Diseases

Volumn 10, Issue , 2010, Pages

  Ley, Benedikt ^a   Mtove, George ^b,c   Thriemer, Kamala ^a   Amos, Ben ^c,d   von Seidlein, Lorenz ^a,c   Hendriksen, Ilse ^c,e   Mwambuli, Abraham ^c   Shoo, Aikande ^c,d   Malahiyo, Rajabu ^d   Ame, Shaali M ^f   Kim, Deok R ^a   Ochiai, Leon R ^a   Clemens, John D ^a   Reyburn, Hugh ^c,g   Wilfing, Harald ^h   Magesa, Stephen ^b,c   Deen, Jacqueline L ^a,c  

^a International Vaccine Institute   (South Korea)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH   (Tanzania)

^c Joint Malaria Programme   (Tanzania)

^d Teule Hospital   (Tanzania)

^e MAHIDOL OXFORD TROPICAL MEDICINE RESEARCH UNIT   (Thailand)

^f Public Health Laboratory Pemba Ivo de Carneri   (Tanzania)

^g LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^h UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLOOD GROUP H ANTIGEN; BLOOD GROUP O ANTIGEN;

AGGLUTINATION TEST; ANTIBODY TITER; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM CULTURE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PREVALENCE; RURAL HEALTH CARE; SALMONELLA TYPHI; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TANZANIA; TYPHOID FEVER; WIDAL TUBE AGGLUTINATION TEST; ADOLESCENT; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; EVALUATION; HOSPITAL; IMMUNOLOGY; INFANT; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION; PREDICTION AND FORECASTING; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RURAL POPULATION;

ADOLESCENT; AGGLUTINATION TESTS; BACTERIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; HOSPITALS; HUMANS; INFANT; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; RURAL POPULATION; SALMONELLA TYPHI; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TANZANIA; TYPHOID FEVER;

EID: 77953681752     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712334     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-180     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Crump JA, Luby SP, Mintz ED. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2004, 82(5):346-353. 2622843, 15298225.
2. Olopoenia LA, King AI. Widal agglutination test - 100 years later: still plagued by controversy. Postgrad Med J 2000, 76:80-84. 10.1136/pmj.76.892.80, 1741491, 10644383.
3. Mweu E, English M. Typhoid Fever in Children in Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2008, 13(4):532-540. 2660514, 18312473.
4. Chart H, Cheesbrough J, Waghorn D. The serodiagnosis of infection with Salmonella typhi. Journal of Clinical Pathology 2000, 53:851-853. 10.1136/jcp.53.11.851, 1731101, 11127268.
5. Maxwell CA, Chambo W, Mwaimu M, Magogo F, Carneiro IA, Curtis CF. Variation of malaria transmission and morbidity with altitude in Tanzania and with introduction of alphacypermethrin treated nets. Malar J 2003, 10:28.
6. Edmonds SM, Meadway J. Getting Pregnant Women onto HAART (Highly active antiretroviral therapy); developing a strategy for advanced prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT+) in rural Tanzania. HIV Medicine 2009, 10(Suppl 1):26.
7. Smith T, Schellenberg JA, Hayes R. Attributable fraction estimates and case definitions for malaria in endemic areas. Stat Med 1994, 13(22):2345-2358. 10.1002/sim.4780132206, 7855468.
8. Mwangi TW, Ross A, Snow RW, Marsh K. Case definitions of clinical malaria under different transmission conditions in Kilifi District, Kenya. J Infect Dis 2005, 191:1932-1939. 10.1086/430006, 15871128.
9. Parry CM, Diep TS, Wain J, Chinh NT, Vinh H, Hien TT, White NJ, Farrar JJ. Value of a Single-tube Widal Test in Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever in Vietnam. J Clin Microbiol 1999, 37(9):2882-2886. 85403, 10449469.
10. Dutta S, Sur D, Manna B, Sen B, Deb AK, Deen JL, Wain J, von Seidlein L, Ochiai RL, Clemens JD, Bhattacharya JK. Evaluation of a new-generation serologic test for the diagnosis of typhoid fever: data from a community - based surveillance in Calcutta, India. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 2006, 56:359-365. 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.06.024, 16938421.
11. Dong B, Gallindo CM, Shin E, Acosta CJ, Page AL, Wang M, Kim D, Ochiai RL, Park J, Ali M, von Seidlein L, Xu Z. Optimizing typhoid fever case definitions by combining serological tests in a large population study in Hechi City, China. Epidemiol Infect 2007, 135(6):1014-1020. 10.1017/S0950268806007801, 2870657, 17217551.
12. Newcombe RG. Two-Sided Confidence Intervals for the Single Proportion: Comparison of Seven Methods. Stat Med 1998, 17(8):857-872. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<857::AID-SIM777>3.0.CO;2-E, 9595616.
13. Altman DG, Bland JM. Diagnostic tests 2: Predictive values. BMJ 1994, 309:102. 2540558, 8038641.
14. Mtove G, Amos B, von Seidlein L, Hendriksen I, Mwambuli A, Kimera J, Mallahiyo R, Kim DR, Ochiai RL, Clemens JD, Reyburn H, Magesa S, Deen JL. Invasive salmonellosis among children admitted to a rural Tanzanian hospital and a comparison with previous studies. PLoS One 2010, 5(2):e9244. 10.1371/journal.pone.0009244, 2821934, 20168998.
15. Pokhrel BM, Karmacharya R, Mishra SK, Koirala J. Distribution of antibody titer against Salmonella enteric among healthy individuals in Nepal. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2009, 7:8-1.
16. Bhutta ZA. Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever. BMJ 2006, 333:78-82. 10.1136/bmj.333.7558.78, 1489205, 16825230.
17. Farooqui BJ, Khurshid M, Ashfaq MK, Khan MA. Comparative yield of Salmonella typhi from blood and bone marrow cultures in patients with fever of unknown origin. J Clin Pathol 1991, 44:258-259. 10.1136/jcp.44.3.258, 496954, 2013632.
18. Gilman RH, Terminel M, Levine, Hernandez-Mendoza P, Hornick RB. Relative efficacy of blood, urine, rectal swab, bone marrow, and rose spot cultures for recovery of Salmonella typhi in typhoid fever. Lancet 1975, 31;1(7918):1211-1213.
19. Wain J, Pham VB, Ha V, Nguyen NM, To SD, Walsh AL, Parry CM, Hasserjian RP, HoHo VA, Tran TH, Farrar J, White NJ, Day NP. Quantitation of bacteria in bone marrow from patients with typhoid fever: relationship between counts and clinical features. J Clin Microbiol 2001, 39:1571-1576. 10.1128/JCM.39.4.1571-1576.2001, 87972, 11283089.
20. Olsen SJ, Pruckler J, Bibbb W, Thanh NTM, Trinh TM, Minh NT, Sivapalsingam S, Gupta A, Phuong PT, Chinh NT, Chau NV, Cam PD, Mintz ED. Evaluation of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Typhoid Fever. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2004, DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.5.1885-1889.2004, 404619, 15131144.
21. Hoffman SL, Edman DC, Punjabi NH, Lesmana M, Cholid A, Sundah S, Harahap J. Bone marrow aspirate culture superior to streptokinase clot culture and 8 ml 1:10 blood to broth ratio blood culture for diagnosis of typhoid fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1986, 35:836-839.
22. Choo KE, Razif AR, Oppenheimer SJ, Ariffin WA, Lau J, Abraham T. Usefulness of the Widal test in diagnosing childhood typhoid fever in endemic areas. J Paediatr Child Health 1993, 29(1):36-9. 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1993.tb00437.x, 8461177.
23. Handojo I, Edijanto SP, Probohoesodo MY, Mahartini NN. Comparisson of the Diagnostic Value of Local Widal slide Test with Imported Widal Slide Test. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2004, 35(2):366-70.