Detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in diarrheal stools by rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

Volumn 67, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 304-307

  Goldenberg, Simon D ^a,b   Dieringer, Thomas ^c   French, Gary L ^a,b  

^a GUY'S AND ST THOMAS' NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Clostridium difficile; Molecular diagnostics

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIUM DETECTION; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FECES CULTURE; HUMAN; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

BACTERIAL TOXINS; BACTERIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS; FECES; HUMANS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 77953676473     PISSN: 07328893     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.02.019     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. Barbut F., Braun M., Burghoffer B., Lalande V., Eckert C. Rapid detection of toxigenic strains of Clostridium difficile in diarrheal stools by real-time PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009, 47:1276-1277.
2. Eastwood K., Else P., Charlett A., Wilcox M. Comparison of nine commercially available C. difficile toxin detection assays, a real time PCR assay for C. difficile tcdb and a GDH detection assay, with cytotoxin testing and cytotoxigenic culture. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009, 47:3211-3217.
3. Goldenberg S.D., Cliff P.R., Smith S., Milner M., French G.L. Two-step glutamate dehydrogenase antigen real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile. J. Hosp. Infect. 2010, 74:48-54.
4. Huang H., Weintraub A., Fang H., Nord C.E. Comparison of a commercial multiplex real-time PCR to the cell cytotoxicity neutralization assay for diagnosis Clostridium difficile infections. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009, 47:3729-3731.
5. Loo V.G., Poirier L., Miller M.A., Oughton M., Libman M.D., Michaud S., Bourgault A., Nguyen T., Frenette C., Kelly M., Vibien A., Brassard P., Fenn S., Dewar K., Hudson T.J., Horn R., René P., Monczak Y., Dascal A. A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005, 353:2442-2449.
6. Lyras D., O'Connor J.R., Howarth P.M., Sambol S.P., Carter G.P., Phumoonna T., Poon R., Adams V., Vedantam G., Johnson S., Gerding D.N., Rood J.I. Toxin B is essential for virulence of Clostridium difficile. Nature 2009, 458:1176-1179.
7. Obuchowski N. Prospective studies of diagnostic test accuracy when disease prevalence is low. Biostatistics 2002, 3:477-492.
8. Planche T., Aghaizu A., Holliman R., Riley P., Poloniecki J., Breathnach A., Krishna S. Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection by toxin detection kits: a systematic review. Lancet. Infect. Dis. 2008, 8:777-784.
9. Sloan L.M., Duresko B.J., Gustafson D.R., Rosenblatt J.E. Comparison of real-time PCR for detection of the tcdc gene with four toxin immunoassays and culture in diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2008, 46:1996-2001.
10. Stamper P.D., Alcabasa R., Aird D., Babiker W., Wehrlin J., Ikpeama I., Carroll K.C. Comparison of a commercial real-time PCR assay for tcdb detection to a cell culture cytotoxicity assay and toxigenic culture for direct detection of toxin-producing Clostridium difficile in clinical samples. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009, 47:373-378.
11. Stubbs S.L., Brazier J.S., O'Neill G.L., Duerden B.I. PCR targeted to the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region of Clostridium difficile and construction of a library consisting of 116 different PCR ribotypes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1999, 37:461-463.
12. Terhes G., Urbán E., Sóki J., Nacsa E., Nagy E. Comparison of a rapid molecular-based method, BD GeneOhm™ Cdiff assay to the most frequently used laboratory tests for the detection of toxin-producing C. difficile in diarrheal feces. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2009, 47:3478-3481.
13. Wilcox M.H., Eastwood K.A. NHS Purchasing and Supplies Agency, Centre for Evidence Based Purchasing. Clostridium difficile toxin detection assays. Evaluation report CEP08054 Available at:, Accessed May 6, 2010. http://www.pasa.nhs.uk/pasa/Doc.aspx?Path=%5bMN%5d%5bSP%5d/NHSprocurement/CEP/CEP08054.pdf.