Social roles of players in mmorpg guilds: A social network analytic perspective

Information Communication and Society

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 592-614

  Ang, Chee Siang ^a   Zaphiris, Panayiotis ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

^b CYPRUS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Cyprus)

Author keywords

MMORPG; SNA; Social roles; Virtual community

Indexed keywords

EID: 77953674873     PISSN: 1369118X     EISSN: 14684462     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13691180903266952     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Anderson, B. (1991) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, Verso, London.
2. Anderson, B. (2004) 'Dimensions of learning and support in an online community', Open Learning, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 183-190.
3. Ang, C. S., Zaphiris, P. & Wilson, S. (2005) 'Social interaction in game commu- nities and second language learning', paper presented at the 19th British HCI Group Annual Conference, Edinburgh, UK, September.
4. Ang, C. S., Zaphriis, P. & Mahmood, S. (2007) 'A model of cognitive loads in massively multiplayer online role playing games', Interacting with Computers, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 167-179.
5. Ashforth, B. E. (2001) Role Transitions in Organizational Life, an Identity-based Perspective, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ.
6. Bartle, R. (1996) 'Hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades: players who suit muds', Journal of MUD Research, vol. 1, no. 1, [Online] Available at: http://www.mud.co.uk/richard/hcds.htm (16 March 2010).
7. Blizzard Entertainment (2004) 'World of warcraft', [Online] Available at: http://www.worldofwarcraft.com/ (10 March 2010).
8. Borgatti, S. P., Everett, M. G. & Freeman, L. C. (2002) 'Ucinet for Windows: soft- ware for social network analysis', [Online] Available at: http://www.analytictech.com/ucinet/ (10 March 2010).
9. Breiger, R., Boorman, S. & Arabie, P. (1975) 'An algorithm for clustering relational data, with applications to social network analysis and comparison with multi-dimensional scaling', Journal of Mathematical Psychology, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 328-383.
10. Bruckman, A. S. (1997) Moose Crossing: Construction, Community, and Learning in a Networked Virtual World for Kids, PhD dissertation, MIT.
11. Cohen, J. (1960) 'A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales', Educational and Psychological Measurement, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 37-46.
12. Ducheneaut, N., Moore, R. J. & Nickell, E. (2004) 'Designing for sociability in massively multiplayer games: an examination of the "third places" of SWG', paper presented at Other Players conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, December 2004.
13. Ducheneaut, N., Yee, N., Nickell, E. & Moore, R. J. (2006) 'Games and performances: "alone together"? Exploring the social dynamics of massively multi- player online games', paper presented at the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI '06, April Canada.
14. Golder, S. A. & Donath, J. (2004) 'Social roles in electronic communities', paper presented at the Association of Internet Researchers (AoIR) Conference Inter- net Research 5.0, Brighton, UK, 19-22 September, [Online] Available at: http://web.media.mit.edu/~golder/projects/roles/golder2004.pdf (16 March 2010).
15. Haythornthwaite, C. & Wellman, B. (1998) 'Work, friendship, and media use for information exchange in a networked organisation', Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 1101-1114.
16. Herrmann, T., Jahnke, I. & Loser, K. (2004) 'The role concept as a basis for designing community systems', in Cooperative Systems Design, eds F. Darses, R. Dieng, C. Simone & M. Zackland, IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp. 163-178.
17. Jakobson, M. & Taylor, T. L. (2003) 'The Sopranos meets EverQuest: social networking in massively multiplayer online games', in Proceedings of DAC 2003, Melbourne, Australia, May 2003, pp. 81-90.
18. Koku, E. F. & Wellman, B. (2004) 'Scholarly networks as learning communities: the case of Technet', in Designing Virtual Communities in the Service of Learning, eds S. Barab & R. Kling, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 299-337.
19. Krackhardt, D. & Robert, N. S. (1988) 'Informal networks and organizational crisis: an experimental simulation', Social Psychology Quarterly, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 123-140.
20. Krippendorff, K. (1980) Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology, Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA.
21. Kuwashima, Y. (2006) 'The word-of-mouth effect on the web', MMRC Workshop, [Online] Available at: http://merc.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp/mmrc/dp/pdf/MMRC79_2006.pdf (16 March 2010).
22. Landis, J. R. & Koch, G. G. (1977) 'The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data', Biometrics, vol. 33, pp. 159-174.
23. Lave, J. & Wenger, E. (1991) Situated Learning. Legitimate Peripheral Participation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
24. Mead, G. H. (1934) Mind, Self and Society, University of Chicago Press, London.
25. Muramatsu, J. & Ackerman, M. S. (1998) 'Computing, social activity, and enter- tainment: a field study of a game mud. Computer Supported Cooperative Work', The Journal of Collaborative Computing, vol. 7, nos 1-2, pp. 7-122.
26. Parsons, T. (1951) The Social System, Routledge & Paul, London.
27. Rheingold, H. (1993) The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier, Addison-Wesley, Reading.
28. Smith, W. M. (1966) 'Observations over the lifetime of a small isolated group: structure, danger, boredom, and vision', Psychological Reports, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 475-514.
29. Snijders, T., Steglich, C., Michael, S. & Mark, H. (2007) 'Manual for SIENAversion 3.1', [Online] Available at: http://stat.gamma.rug.nl/sie_man31.pdf (16 March 2010).
30. Sony Online Entertainment (2003) 'Star War Galaxies', [Online] Available at: http://starwarsgalaxies.station.sony.com (16 March 2010).
31. Stark, R. (2007) Sociology, 10th edn, Thomson, Wadsworth, CA.
32. Steinkuehler, C. A. (2004) 'Providing resources for MMOG guild leaders', paper presented at the MUD Developers Conference, San Jose, CA, March 2004.
33. Stokman, F., van Duijin, M. & Snijders, T. (2004) 'Stocnet: an open software system for the advanced statistical analysis of social networks', [Online] Available at: http://stat.gamma.rug.nl/stocnet/ (16 March 2010).
34. Strijbos, J. W., Martens, R. & Jochems, W. (2003) 'The effect of roles on group efficiency', in International Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning 2003, eds B. Wasson, R. Baggetun, U. Hoppe & S. Ludvigsen, Intermedia, Bergen.
35. Turner, T. C., Smith, M. A., Fisher, D. & Welser, H. T. (2005) 'Picturing Usenet: mapping computer-mediated collective action', Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 10, no. 4, [Online] Available at: http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue4/turner.html (16 March 2010).
36. Wasserman, S. & Faust, K. (1994) Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
37. Wellman, B. (1997) 'An electronic group is virtually a social network', in Cultures of the Internet, ed. S. B. Kiesler, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 179-205.
38. Wellman, B. & Berkowitz, S. D. (1994) Social Structure: A Network Approach, JAI Press Inc., London.
39. Welser, H. T., Gleave, E., Fisher, D. & Smith, M. (2007) 'Visualizing the signatures of social roles in online discussion groups', Journal of Social Structure, vol. 8, no. 2, [Online] Available at: http://www.cmu.edu/joss/content/articles/volume8/Welser/ (16 March 2010).
40. White, H. C., Boorman, S. A. & Breiger, R. L. (1976) 'Social structure from multiple networks. I. Blockmodels of roles and positions', American Journal of Sociology, vol. 81, January, pp. 730-780.
41. Yee, N. (2005) 'The psychology of MMORPGs: emotional investment, motivations, relationship formation, and problematic usage', in Avatars at Work and Play: Col- laboration and Interaction in Shared Virtual Environments, eds R. Schroeder & A. Axelsson, Springer-Verlag, London, pp. 187-207.