Protection of the environment from ionising radiation in a regulatory context-an overview of the PROTECT coordinated action project

Journal of Radiological Protection

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 195-214

  Howard, B J ^a   Beresford, N A ^a   Andersson, P ^b   Brown, J E ^c   Copplestone, D ^d   Beaugelin Seiller, K ^e   Garnier Laplace, J ^e   Howe, P D ^a,g   Oughton, D ^f   Whitehouse, P ^d  

^a CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY   (United Kingdom)

^b Swedish Radiation Protection Authority   (Sweden)

^c NORWEGIAN RADIATION PROTECTION AUTHORITY   (Norway)

^d ENVIRONMENT AGENCY   (United Kingdom)

^e INSTITUT DE RADIOPROTECTION ET DE SÛRETÉ NUCLÉAIRE IRSN   (France)

^f NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES   (Norway)

^g Birchtree Consultants Ltd   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASSESSMENT TOOL; CHEMICAL STRESSORS; DEGREE OF CONFIDENCE; DOSE RATE; IMPACT ASSESSMENTS; IONISING RADIATION; RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES; REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS; SPECIES SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; WILDLIFE POPULATIONS;

IONIZING RADIATION; LAWS AND LEGISLATION; RADIOACTIVITY; RISK PERCEPTION;

RADIATION PROTECTION;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; IONIZING RADIATION; METHODOLOGY; POLLUTION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; RADIATION INJURY; RADIATION MONITORING; REVIEW; STANDARD; UNITED KINGDOM;

ANIMALS; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; GREAT BRITAIN; GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; RADIATION INJURIES; RADIATION MONITORING; RADIATION, IONIZING;

EID: 77953552887     PISSN: 09524746     EISSN: 13616498     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/30/2/S01     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Allott R and Copplestone D 2008 Update on habitats assessments for England and Wales 13th Mtg of the National Dose Assessment Working Group (British Energy, Barnwood, April 2008) Paper 13-04, available from http://www.ndawg.org/documents/Paper13-04.pdf
2. Allott R, Copplestone D, Merrill P and Oliver S 2009 Habitats assessment for radioactive substances Environment Agency Science Report: SC060083/SR1 Product No SCHO0309BPML-E-P p196
3. Alonzo F, Hertel-Aas T, Gilek M, Gilbin R, Oughton D and Garnier-Laplace J 2008 Modeling the propagation of effects of chronic exposure to ionising radiation from individuals to populations J. Environ. Radioact. 99 1464-73
4. Andersson P, Beresford N A, Copplestone D, Garnier-Laplace J, Howard B J, Howe P, Oughton D H and Whitehouse P 2008a Numerical benchmarks for protecting biota from radiation in the environment: record of the consultation process and views of independent experts Annex to Deliverable 5 for EC PROTECT Project Contract Number 036425 (FI6R) (Lancaster: Centre for Ecology & Hydrology)
5. Andersson P, Garnier-Laplace J, Beresford N A, Brown J E, Copplestone D, Hingston J L, Howard B J, Howe P, Oughton D and Whitehouse P 2009 Protection of the environment from ionising radiation in a regulatory context (PROTECT): proposed numerical benchmark values J. Environ. Radioact. 100 1100-8
6. Andersson P et al 2008b Numerical benchmarks for protecting biota from radiation in the environment: proposed levels, underlying reasoning and recommendations Deliverable 5 for EC PROTECT Project Contract Number 036425 (FI6R) (Lancaster: Centre for Ecology & Hydrology)
7. Avila R, Beresford N A, Agüero A, Broed R, Brown J E, Iospje M, Robles B and Suãez A 2004 Study of the uncertainty in estimation of the exposure of non-human biota to ionizing radiation J. Radiol. Prot. 24 A105-22
8. Barnthouse L W 1995 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Terrestrial Plants and Animals: A Workshop Report (Oak Ridge, TN: Environmental Sciences Division) ORNL/TM-13141
9. Beaugelin-Seiller K, Garnier-Laplace J, Gariel J C and Jasserand F 2005 EDEN: a tool for the estimation of dose coefficient equivalents for non-human biota Radioprotection 40 S921-6
10. Beresford N A, Anderson P, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Brown J E, Copplestone D, Garnier-Laplace J, Hosseini A, Howard B J and Oughton D H 2008a Approaches to demonstrate protection of the environment from ionising radiation Workshop Report for EC PROTECT Project Contract Number 036425 (FI6R) (Oslo, Jan. 2008) (Lancaster: Centre for Ecology & Hydrology) available from http://wiki.ceh.ac.uk/x/XgLbBg
11. Beresford N A, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Brown J E, Copplestone D, Hosseini A, Andersson P and Howard B J 2009 Protection of the environment from ionising radiation in a regulatory context (PROTECT): assessment approaches practicality, relevance and merits Radioprotection 44 623-8
12. Beresford N A, Gaschak S, Barnett C L, Howard B J, Chizhevsky I, Strømman G, Oughton D H, Wright S M, Maksimenko A and Copplestone D 2008b Estimating the exposure of small mammals at three sites within the Chernobyl exclusion zone-a test application of the ERICA Tool J. Environ. Radioact. 99 1496-502
13. Beresford N A, Hosseini A, Brown J E, Cailes C, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Barnett C L and Copplestone D 2010a Assessment of risk to wildlife from ionising radiation: can initial screening tiers be used with a high level of confidence? J. Radiol. Prot. 30 265-81
14. Beresford N A, Hosseini A, Brown J E, Cailes C, Copplestone D, Barnett C L and Beaugelin-Seiller K 2008c Evaluation of approaches for protecting the environment from ionising radiation in a regulatory context Deliverable 4 for EC PROTECT Project Contract Number 036425 (FI6R) (Lancaster: Centre for Ecology & Hydrology)
15. Beresford N A et al 2008d An international comparison of models and approaches for the estimation of the radiological exposure of non-human biota Appl. Radiat. Isot. 66 1745-9
16. Beresford N A et al 2010b Predicting the radiation exposure of terrestrial wildlife in the Chernobyl exclusion zone: an international comparison of approaches J. Radiol. Prot. 30 341-73
17. Brown J E, Alfonso B, Avila R, Beresford N A, Copplestone D, Pröhl G and Ulanovsky A 2008 The ERICA Tool J. Environ. Radioact. 99 1371-83
18. Brown J E, Strand P, Hosseini A and Børretzen P (ed) 2003 Handbook for Assessment of the Exposure of Biota to Ionising Radiation from Radionuclides in the Environment (sters: Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority) available from http://wiki.ceh.ac.uk/x/QADnBg Deliverable 5 for EC FASSET Project Contract No. FIGE-CT-2000-00102
19. Brownless G P 2007 Issues around radiological protection of the environment and its integration with protection of humans: promoting debate on the way forward J. Radiol. Prot. 27 391-404
20. Brown J E et al 2010 J. Radiol. Prot. 30 at press
21. Copplestone D, Andersson P, Beresford N A, Brown J E, Dysvik S, Garnier-Laplace J, Hingston J, Howard B J, Oughton D and Whitehouse P 2009 Protection of the environment from ionising radiation in a regulatory context (PROTECT): review of current regulatory approaches to both chemicals and radioactive substances Radioprotection 44 881-6
22. Copplestone D, Bielby S, Jones S R, Patton D, Daniel P and Gize I 2001 Impact Assessment of Ionising Radiation on Wildlife Environment Agency R&D Publication 128 (Bristol: Environment Agency) p222 available from http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/ and http://www.coger.org.uk/ R&D128index.html
23. Copplestone D, Hingston J L and Real A 2008 The development and purpose of the FREDERICA radiation effects database J. Environ. Radioact. 99 1456-63 database available from www.frederica-online.org
24. Copplestone D, Wood M D, Bielby S, Jones S R, Vives i Batlle J and Beresford N A 2003 Habitat regulations for stage 3 assessments: radioactive substances authorisations R&D Technical Report P3-101/SP1a (Bristol: Environment Agency) available from http://www.wiki.ceh.ac.uk/x/YILIBg
25. Copplestone D et al 2010 J. Radiol. Prot. 30 283-97
26. EC (European Commission) 2003 Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment in Support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for New Notified Substances and Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances (Luxembourg: Office for official publication of the European Communities)
27. ECHA 2008 Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment in Support of Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 Concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) (Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency) http://guidance.echa.europa.eu/docs/guidance- document/information-requirements-en.htm?time=1252402757
28. Environment Canada 2003 Releases of radionuclides from nuclear facilities (impact on non-human biota) Priority Substances List Assessment Report Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999 (Ottawa: Environment Canada)
29. Garisto N C, Cooper F and Fernandes S L 2008 No-Effect Concentrations for Screening Assessment of Radiological Impacts on Non-Human Biota (Toronto: Nuclear Waste Management Organisation) available from www.nwmo.ca NWMO TR-2008-02
30. Garnier-Laplace J, Della-Vedova C, Andersson P, Copplestone D, Cailes C, Beresford N A, Howard B J, Howe P and Whitehouse P 2010 A multi-criteria weight of evidence approach for deriving ecological benchmarks for radioactive substances J. Radiol. Prot. 30 215-33
31. Garnier-Laplace J, Della-Vedova C, Gilbin R, Copplestone D, Hingston J L and Ciffroy P 2006 First derivation of predicted-no-effect values for freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems exposed to radioactive substances Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 6498-505
32. Garnier-Laplace J and Gilbin R (ed) 2006 Derivation of predicted no effect dose rate values for ecosystems (and their sub-organisational levels) exposed to radioactive substances Deliverable 5 for EC 6th Framework ERICA Project Contract No. FI6R-CT-2003-508847 (Lancaster: Centre for Ecology & Hydrology)
33. Garnier-Laplace J et al 2008 Issues and practices in the use of effects data from FREDERICA in the ERICA integrated approach J. Environ. Radioact. 99 1474-83
34. Hingston J L, Copplestone D, Beresford N A and Howard B J 2007 A review of approaches to protection of the environment from chemicals and ionising radiation: requirements and recommendations for a common framework PROTECT project Deliverable 3 for EC PROTECT Project Contract Number 036425 (FI6R) (Lancaster: Centre for Ecology & Hydrology)
35. Hosseini A, Beresford N A, Brown J E, Jones D G, Phaneuf M, Thørring H and Yankovich T 2010 Background dose-rates to reference animals and plants arising from exposure to naturally occurring radionuclides in aquatic environments J. Radiol. Prot. 30 235-64
36. Howard B J and Larsson C-M 2008 The ERICA Integrated Approach and its contribution to protection of the environment from ionising radiation J. Environ. Radioact. 99 1361-3
37. IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) 2010 Modelling Radiation Exposure and Radionuclide Transfer for Non-human Species. Report of the Biota Working Group of EMRAS Theme 3. Environmental Modelling for RAdiation Safety (EMRAS) Programme (available from: http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/projects/ emras/final-reports/biota-final.pdf) at press
38. IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) 1992 Effects of ionizing radiation on plants and animals at levels implied by current radiation protection standards Technical Reports Series No. 332 (Vienna: IAEA)
39. IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) 2006 Fundamental safety principles: safety fundamentals IAEA Safety Standards series No. SF-1 ISSN 1020-525X ISBN 92-0-110706-4 (Vienna: IAEA)
40. ICRP (International Commission for Radiation Protection) 1983 Radionuclide transformations: energy and intensity of emissions ICRP Publication 38 (Ottawa: ICRP) p1200
41. ICRP (International Commission for Radiation Protection) 2007a Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 103 Ann. ICRP 37 2-3 (Oxford: Pergamon)
42. ICRP (International Commission on Radiation Protection) 2007b Analysis of the criteria used by the International Commission on Radiological Protection to justify the setting of numerical protection level values ICRP Supporting Guidance 5 (Ottawa: ICRP)
43. ICRP (International Commission on Radiation Protection) 2008 Environmental protection: the concept and use of reference animals and plants Ann. ICRP 108 available from http://www.icrp.org/annals-list.asp (Ottawa: ICRP)
44. IUR (International Union of Radioecology) 2000 Dose and effects in non-human systems Summary of the Work of the Action Group of IUR Report 01 (sters: IUR) available from www.iur-uir.org
45. IUR (International Union of Radioecology) 2002 Protection of the environment current status and future work IUR Report 03 (sters: IUR) available from www.iur-uir.org
46. NCRP (National Commission on Radiological Protection) 1991 Effects of ionising radiation on aquatic organisms NCRP Report 109 (Bethesda, MD: NCRP)
47. OECD-NEA (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development-Nuclear Energy Agency) 2007a Environmental radiological protection in the law-a baseline survey NEA Report No. 6172 ISBN: 92-64-99000-5 (Paris: OECD-NEA) available from http://www.nea.fr/html/rp/reports/2007/nea6172-law.pdf
48. OECD-NEA (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development-Nuclear Energy Agency) 2007b Scientific issues and emerging challenges for radiological protection Report of the Expert Group on the Implications of Radiological Protection Sciences NEA Report No. 6167 ISBN 978-92-64-99032-6 (Paris: OECD-NEA) available from http://www.nea.fr/html/rp/reports/2007/nea6167-egis.pdf
49. OSPAR 2003 Strategies of the OSPAR Commission for the protection of the marine environment of the north-east Atlantic V: Radioactive Substances 1 Objective available from http://www.ospar.org/content/content.asp?menu = 00120000000070-000000-000000#radioactive
50. Persaud D, Jaagumagi R and Hayton A 1992 Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Sediment Quality in Ontario (Toronto: Water Resources Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment)
51. Sazykina T G 2005 A system of dose-effects relationships for the northern wildlife: radiation protection criteria Radioprotection 40 (Suppl. 1) S889-92
52. Stark J D, Banks J E and Vargas R 2004 How risky is risk assessment: the role that life history strategies play in susceptibility of species to stress Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101 732-6
53. Thompson P A, Kurias J and Mihok S 2005 Derivation and use of sediment quality guidelines for ecological risk assessment of metals and radionuclides released to the environment from uranium mining and milling activities in Canada Environ. Mon. Assess. 110 71-85
54. UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation) 1996 Sources and effects of ionizing radiation Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annex (New York: United Nations)
55. USDoE (United States Department of Energy) 2002 A graded approach for evaluating radiation doses to aquatic and terrestrial biota DOE-STD-1153-2002 (Washington, DC: USDoE) available from http://web.ead.anl.gov/resrad/home2/
56. Vives i Batlle J et al 2007 Inter-comparison of unweighted absorbed dose rates for non-human biota Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 46 349-73
57. Williams C (ed) 2004 Framework for assessment of environmental impact (FASSET) of ionizing radiation in European ecosystems J. Radiol. Prot. 24 (special issue)
58. Yankovich T L et al 2010 International model validation exercise on radionuclide transfer and doses to freshwater biota J. Radiol. Prot. 30 299-340