The effects of simazine, a chlorotriazine herbicide, on pubertal development in the female Wistar rat

Reproductive Toxicology

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 393-400

  Zorrilla, Leah M ^a,b   Gibson, Emily K ^b   Stoker, Tammy E ^b  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

Author keywords

Atrazine; Chlorotriazines; EDSP Tier I screen; Female pubertal development; Simazine

Indexed keywords

PROLACTIN; SIMAZINE; HERBICIDE; THYROXINE;

ADVERSE OUTCOME; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CONCENTRATION PROCESS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELAYED PUBERTY; ESTRUS CYCLE; FEMALE; NEWBORN; NONHUMAN; PERINATAL PERIOD; PROLACTIN BLOOD LEVEL; RAT; REACTION TIME; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; TOXICITY TESTING; WISTAR RAT; ANIMAL; BLOOD; BODY WEIGHT; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFECTS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; ORGAN SIZE; OVARY; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; SEXUAL MATURATION; THYROID GLAND; TOXICITY; UTERUS; VAGINA;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ANIMALS; BODY WEIGHT; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; ESTROUS CYCLE; FEMALE; HERBICIDES; ORGAN SIZE; OVARY; PROLACTIN; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; SEXUAL MATURATION; SIMAZINE; THYROID GLAND; THYROXINE; UTERUS; VAGINA;

RATTUS; RATTUS NORVEGICUS;

EID: 77953545293     PISSN: 08906238     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.03.010     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Tierney D., Clarkson J.R., Christensen B.R. Exposure to the herbicides atrazine and simazine in drinking water. Triazine herbicide risk assessment 1998, Oxford University Press, Washington, DC. L. Ballantine, J.E. McFarland, D.S. Hackett (Eds.).
2. Turner, L., Simazine Analysis of Risks to Endangered and Threatened Salmon and Steelhead; 2003.
3. Inoue M.H., et al. Sorption-desorption of atrazine and diuron in soils from southern Brazil. J Environ Sci Health B 2006, 41(5):605-621.
4. Gunasekara A.S., Goh T.J., Tjeerdema K.S.R.S. Chemistry and fate of simazine. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2006, 189:1-23.
5. Ware G.W. The Pesticide book 2000, Thomson Publications, Fresno, CA. 5th ed.
6. USEPA, U.S., Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Simazine; 2006.
7. Wu J., Robinson R.A., Simoneaux B. Metabolism of selected (s)-triazines in animals. Triazine herbicides risk assessment 1998, Oxford University Press, Washington, DC. L. Ballantine, J.E. McFarland, D.S. Hackett (Eds.).
8. Cooper R.L., et al. Atrazine disrupts the hypothalamic control of pituitary-ovarian function. Toxicol Sci 2000, 53(2):297-307.
9. Laws S.C., et al. The effects of atrazine on female Wistar rats: an evaluation of the protocol for assessing pubertal development and thyroid function. Toxicol Sci 2000, 58(2):366-376.
10. Stoker T.E., Robinette C.L., Cooper R.L. Maternal exposure to atrazine during lactation suppresses suckling-induced prolactin release and results in prostatitis in the adult offspring. Toxicol Sci 1999, 52(1):68-79.
11. Laws S.C., et al. Pubertal development in female Wistar rats following exposure to propazine and atrazine biotransformation by-products, diamino-S-chlorotriazine and hydroxyatrazine. Toxicol Sci 2003, 76(1):190-200.
12. Sanderson J.T., et al. Effects of chloro-s-triazine herbicides and metabolites on aromatase activity in various human cell lines and on vitellogenin production in male carp hepatocytes. Environ Health Perspect 2001, 109(10):1027-1031.
13. Sanderson J.T., et al. 2-Chloro-s-triazine herbicides induce aromatase (CYP19) activity in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells: a novel mechanism for estrogenicity?. Toxicol Sci 2000, 54(1):121-127.
14. Fraites M.J., et al. Characterization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to atrazine and metabolites in the female rat. Toxicol Sci 2009, 112(1):88-99.
15. Laws S.C., et al. Chlorotriazine herbicides and metabolites activate an ACTH-dependent release of corticosterone in male Wistar rats. Toxicol Sci 2009, 112(1):78-87.
16. USEPA Endocrine disruptor screening program; proposed statement of policy. Federal register 1998, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, p. 71542-71568, Accessed on March 2010.
17. Goldman J.M., et al. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: prepubertal exposures and effects on sexual maturation and thyroid activity in the female rat. A focus on the EDSTAC recommendations. Crit Rev Toxicol 2000, 30(2):135-196.
18. Everett J.W. Neurobiology of reproduction in the female rat. A fifty-year perspective. Monogr Endocrinol 1989, 32:1-133.
19. Greenwood F.C., Hunter W.M., Glover J.S. The preparation of I-131-labelled human growth hormone of high specific radioactivity. Biochem J 1963, 89:114-123.
20. Goldman J.M., et al. Effects of low subchronic doses of methoxychlor on the rat hypothalamic-pituitary reproductive axis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1986, 86(3):474-483.
21. USEPA, U. Pesticides: reregistration, atrazine, available from http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/reregistration/atrazine/.
22. Eldridge J.C., et al. Factors affecting mammary tumor incidence in chlorotriazine-treated female rats: hormonal properties, dosage, and animal strain. Environ Health Perspect 1994, 102(Suppl. 11):29-36.
23. Wetzel L.T., et al. Chronic effects of atrazine on estrus and mammary tumor formation in female Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats. J Toxicol Environ Health 1994, 43(2):169-182.
24. Lee J.M., et al. Weight status in young girls and the onset of puberty. Pediatrics 2007, 119(3):pe624-pe630.
25. Odum J., et al. Cumulative dietary energy intake determines the onset of puberty in female rats. Environ Health Perspect 2004, 112(15):1472-1480.
26. Engelbregt M.J., et al. Body mass index, body composition, and leptin at onset of puberty in male and female rats after intrauterine growth retardation and after early postnatal food restriction. Pediatric Res 2001, 50(4):474-478.
27. Stoker T.E., et al. The effect of atrazine on puberty in male Wistar rats: an evaluation in the protocol for the assessment of pubertal development and thyroid function. Toxicol Sci 2000, 58(1):50-59.
28. Stoker T.E., et al. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: prepubertal exposures and effects on sexual maturation and thyroid function in the male rat. A focus on the EDSTAC recommendations. Endocrine Disrupter Screening and Testing Advisory Committee. Crit Rev Toxicol 2000, 30(2):197-252.
29. O'Connor J.C., et al. Evaluation of a Tier I screening battery for detecting endocrine-active compounds (EACs) using the positive controls testosterone, coumestrol, progesterone, and RU486. Toxicol Sci 2000, 54(2):338-354.
30. Chapin R.E., et al. The effects of feed restriction on reproductive function in Sprague-Dawley rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1993, 20(1):23-29.
31. Aguilar E., et al. Relation between body weight, growth rate, chronological age and puberty in male and female rats. Rev Esp Fisiol 1984, 40(1):83-86.
32. Ronnekleiv O.K., Ojeda S.R., McCann S.M. Undernutrition, puberty and the development of estrogen positive feedback in the female rat. Biol Reprod 1978, 19(2):414-424.
33. Laws S.C., et al. Effects of altered food intake during pubertal development in male and female Wistar rats. Toxicol Sci 2007, 100(1):194-202.
34. Esber H.J., Kuo E., Bogden A.E. Circadian pattern of prolactin and growth hormone levels in female rats of two strains. Lab Anim Sci 1976, 26(2 (Pt. l)):186-189.
35. Freeman Marc E K.E., Neill J.D. The neuroendocrine control of the ovarian cycle of the rat. The physiology of reproduction 1994, 612-658. Raven Press Ltd., New York. J.D. N. Knobil E (Ed.).
36. Graham J.D., Clarke C.L. Physiological action of progesterone in target tissues. Endocr Rev 1997, 18(4):502-519.
37. USEPA Endocrine disruptor screening program (EDSP). (October) 2008, available from http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/oscpendo/pubs/edspoverview/background.htm, Accessed March 2010.
38. Cooper R.L., et al. Atrazine and reproductive function: mode and mechanism of action studies. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 2007, 80(2):98-112.
39. Clifton K.H., Meyer R.K. Mechanism of anterior pituitary tumor induction by estrogen. Anat Rec 1956, 125(1):65-81.