Update on the pathophysiology and management of uric acid renal stones

Current Rheumatology Reports

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 125-129

  Kenny, Jon Emile S ^a,b   Goldfarb, David S ^a,b  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Allopurinol; Febuxostat; Gout; Nephrolithiasis; Urine pH; Urolithiasis

Indexed keywords

ACETAZOLAMIDE; ALLOPURINOL; BICARBONATE; CITRATE POTASSIUM; CITRATE SODIUM; FEBUXOSTAT; LOSARTAN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; POTASSIUM BICARBONATE; PROBENECID; SALICYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE; URIC ACID; XANTHINE OXIDASE;

ACIDURIA; AMMONIA FORMATION; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; FLANK PAIN; FLUID INTAKE; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GOUT; GRAPEFRUIT JUICE; HUMAN; HYPERURICEMIA; HYPERURICOSURIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; KIDNEY COLIC; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NONHUMAN; ORANGE JUICE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; URINE PH; URINE VOLUME;

ALKALIES; DIET THERAPY; HUMANS; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; HYPERURICEMIA; KIDNEY CALCULI; POTASSIUM CITRATE; URIC ACID;

EID: 77953478677     PISSN: 15233774     EISSN: 15346307     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11926-010-0089-y     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Maalouf NM, Cameron MA, Moe OW, Sakhaee K: Novel insights into the pathogenesis of uric acid nephrolithiasis. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2004, 13:181-189.
2. Taylor EN, Curhan GC: Body size and 24-hour urine composition. Am J Kidney Dis 2006, 48:905-915.
3. Maalouf NM, Cameron MA, Moe OW et al: Low urine pH: a novel feature of the metabolic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007, 2:883-888.
4. Daudon M, Lacour B, Jungers P: High prevalence of uric acid calculi in diabetic stone formers. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005, 20:468-469.
5. Maalouf NM, Sakhaee K, Parks JH et al: Association of urinary pH with body weight in nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 2004, 65:1422-1425.
6. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL: Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000. JAMA 2002, 288:1723-1727.
7. Asplin JR: Obesity and urolithiasis. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2009, 16:11-20.
8. Lemann J, Jr., Pleuss JA, Worcester EM et al: Urinary oxalate excretion increases with body size and decreases with increasing dietary calcium intake among healthy adults. Kidney Int 1996, 49:200-208.
9. Yamashita S, Matsuzawa Y, Tokunaga K et al: Studies on the impaired metabolism of uric acid in obese subjects: marked reduction of renal urate excretion and its improvement by a low-calorie diet. Int J Obes 1986, 10:255-264.
10. Nowicki M, Kokot F, Surdacki A: The influence of hyper-insulinaemia on calcium-phosphate metabolism in renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998, 13:2566-2571.
11. Goldfarb DS: In the clinic. Nephrolithiasis. Ann Intern Med 2009, 151:ITC2.
12. Eisner BH, Reese A, Sheth S, Stoller ML: Ureteral stone location at emergency room presentation with colic. J Urol 2009,
13. Singh K, Bonaa KH, Jacobsen BK et al: Prevalence of and risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysms in a population-based study: The Tromso Study. Am J Epidemiol 2001, 154:236-244.
14. Shahinfar S, Simpson RL, Carides AD et al: Safety of losartan in hypertensive patients with thiazide-induced hyperuricemia. Kidney Int 1999, 56:1879-1885.
15. Mandel NS, Mandel GS: Urinary tract stone disease in the United States veteran population. II. Geographical analysis of variations in composition. J Urol 1989, 142:1516-1521.
16. Hossain RZ, Ogawa Y, Hokama S et al: Urolithiasis in Okinawa, Japan: a relatively high prevalence of uric acid stones. Int J Urol 2003, 10:411-415.
17. Hesse A, Schneider HJ, Berg W, Hienzsch E: Uric acid dihydrate as urinary calculus component. Invest Urol 1975, 12:405-409.
18. Cameron MA, Sakhaee K: Uric acid nephrolithiasis. Urol Clin North Am 2007, 34:335-346.
19. Rafey MA, Lipkowitz MS, Leal-Pinto E, Abramson RG: Uric acid transport. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2003, 12:511-516.
20. Asplin JR: Uric acid stones. Semin Nephrol 1996, 16:412-424.
21. Pak CY, Barilla DE, Holt K et al: Effect of oral purine load and allopurinol on the crystallization of calcium salts in urine of patients with hyperuricosuric calcium urolithiasis. Am J Med 1978, 65:593-599.
22. Fellstrom B, Danielson BG, Karlstrom B et al: The influence of a high dietary intake of purine-rich animal protein on urinary urate excretion and supersaturation in renal stone disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 1983, 64:399-405.
23. Alvarez-Nemegyei J, Medina-Escobedo M, Villanueva-Jorge S, Vazquez-Mellado J: Prevalence and risk factors for urolithiasis in primary gout: is a reappraisal needed? J Rheumatol 2005, 32:2189-2191.
24. Sakhaee K, ms-Huet B, Moe OW, Pak CY: Pathophysiologic basis for normouricosuric uric acid nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 2002, 62:971-979.
25. Yu T, Gutman AB: Uric acid nephrolithiasis in gout. Predisposing factors. Ann Intern Med 1967, 67:1133-1148.
26. Stamatelou KK, Francis ME, Jones CA et al: Time trends in reported prevalence of kidney stones in the United States: 1976-1994. Kidney Int 2003, 63:1817-1823.
27. Abate N, Chandalia M, Cabo-Chan AV, Jr. et al: The metabolic syndrome and uric acid nephrolithiasis: novel features of renal manifestation of insulin resistance. Kidney Int 2004, 65:386-392.
28. Pak CY, Sakhaee K, Moe O et al: Biochemical profile of stone-forming patients with diabetes mellitus. Urology 2003, 61:523-527.
29. Chobanian MC, Hammerman MR: Insulin stimulates ammonia-genesis in canine renal proximal tubular segments. Am J Physiol 1987, 253:F1171-F1177.
30. Nissim I, States B, Nissim I et al: Hormonal regulation of glutamine metabolism by OK cells. Kidney Int 1995, 47:96-105.
31. Vinay P, Lemieux G, Cartier P, Ahmad M: Effect of fatty acids on renal ammoniagenesis in in vivo and in vitro studies. Am J Physiol 1976, 231:880-887.
32. Gesek FA, Schoolwerth AC: Insulin increases Na(+)-H + exchange activity in proximal tubules from normotensive and hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 1991, 260:F695-F703.
33. Klisic J, Hu MC, Nief V et al: Insulin activates Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3: biphasic response and glucocorticoid dependence. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2002, 283:F532-F539.
34. Nakagawa T, Hu H, Zharikov S et al: A causal role for uric acid in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006, 290:F625-F631. (Pubitemid 43724964)
35. Cirillo P, Gersch MS, Mu W et al: Ketohexokinase-dependent metabolism of fructose induces proinflammatory mediators in proximal tubular cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009, 20:545-553.
36. Bobulescu IA, Dubree M, Zhang J et al: Effect of renal lipid accumulation on proximal tubule Na+/H + exchange and ammonium secretion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008, 294: F1315-F1322.
37. Bobulescu IA, Dubree M, Zhang J et al: Reduction of renal triglyceride accumulation: effects on proximal tubule Na+/H + exchange and urinary acidification. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009, 297:F1419-F1426.
38. Chen YD, Varasteh BB, Reaven GM: Plasma lactate concentration in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabete Metab 1993, 19:348-354.
39. Bilobrov VM, Chugaj AV, Bessarabov VI: Urine pH variation dynamics in healthy individuals and stone formers. Urol Int 1990, 45:326-331.
40. Murayama T, Taguchi H: The role of the diurnal variation of urinary pH in determining stone compositions. J Urol 1993, 150:1437-1439.
41. Rodman JS: Prophylaxis of uric acid stones with alternate day doses of alkaline potassium salts. J Urol 1991, 145:97-99.
42. Rodman JS: Intermittent versus continuous alkaline therapy for uric acid stones and ureteral stones of uncertain composition. Urology 2002, 60:378-382.
43. Seltzer MA, Low RK, McDonald M et al: Dietary manipulation with lemonade to treat hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis. Journal of Urology 1996, 156:907-909.
44. Odvina CV: Comparative value of orange juice versus lemonade in reducing stone-forming risk. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 1:1269-1274.
45. Goldfarb DS, Asplin JR: Effect of grapefruit juice on urinary lithogenicity. J Urol 2001, 166:263-267.
46. Goodman JW, Asplin JR, Goldfarb DS: Effect of two sports drinks on urinary lithogenicity. Urol Res 2009, 37:41-46.
47. Becker MA, Schumacher HR, Jr., Wortmann RL et al: Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. N Engl J Med 2005, 353:2450-2461.