Aldosterone: Role in edematous disorders, hypertension, chronic renal failure, and metabolic syndrome

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Volumn 5, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 1132-1140

  Schrier, Robert W ^a   Masoumi, Amirali ^a   Elhassan, Elwaleed ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; MINERALOCORTICOID; SPIRONOLACTONE; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONIST; SODIUM INTAKE;

CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DRUG MECHANISM; EDEMA; HEART FAILURE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; REVIEW; DRUG COMBINATION; DRUG EFFECTS; DRUG RESISTANCE; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; METABOLISM; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; SODIUM INTAKE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ALDOSTERONE; ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; DRUG RESISTANCE; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; EDEMA; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; SODIUM, DIETARY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS;

EID: 77953298335     PISSN: 15559041     EISSN: 1555905X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.01410210     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. Marney AM, Brown NJ: Aldosterone and end-organ damage. Clin Sci 113: 267-278, 2007
2. Sowers JR, Whaley-Connell A, Epstein M: Narrative review: The emerging clinical implications of the role of aldosterone in the metabolic syndrome and resistant hypertension. Ann Intern Med 150: 776-783, 2009
3. Weber KT: Aldosterone in congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 345: 1689-1697, 2001
4. Gross E, Rothstein M, Dombek S, Juknis HI: Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in oligo-anuric hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 46: 94-101, 2005
5. Nowaczynski W, Oliver WJ, Neel JV: Serum aldosterone and protein-binding variables in Yanomama Indians: A no-salt culture as compared to partially acculturated Guyanmi Indians. Clin Physiol Biochem 3: 289-306, 1985 (Pubitemid 16227202)
6. Fuller PJ, Young MJ: Mechanisms of mineralocorticoid action. Hypertension 46: 1227-1235, 2005
7. Leroy V, De Seigneux S, Agassiz V, Hasler U, Rafestin-Oblin ME, Vinciguerra M, Martin PY, Féraille E: Aldosterone activates NF-kappaB in the collecting duct. J Am Soc Nephrol 20: 131-144, 2009
8. Shibata S, Nagase M, Yoshida S, Kawachi H, Fujita T: Podocyte as the target for aldosterone: Roles of oxidative stress and Sgk1. Hypertension 49: 355-364, 2007
9. Wilkinson-Berka JL, Tan G, Jaworski K, Miller AG: Identification of a retinal aldosterone system and the protective effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism on retinal vascular pathology. Circ Res 104: 124-133, 2009
10. Schrier RW: Aldosterone 'escape' vs 'breakthrough.' Nat Rev Nephrol 6: 61, 2009
11. Schrier RW, Better OS: Peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis: Implications for impaired aldosterone escape. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 3: 721-729, 1991
12. Hensen J, Abraham WT, Durr JA, Schrier RW: Aldosterone in congestive heart failure: Analysis of determinants and role in sodium retention. Am J Nephrol 11: 441-446, 1991
13. The RALES Investigators: Effectiveness of spironolactone added to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a loop diuretic for severe chronic congestive heart failure (the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study [RALES]). Am J Cardiol 78: 902-907, 1996
14. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, Cody R, Castaigne A, Perez A, Palensky J, Wittes J: The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 341: 709-717, 1999
15. Pitt B, Bakris G, Ruilope LM, DiCarlo L, Mukherjee R: EPHESUS Investigators: Serum potassium and clinical outcomes in the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS). Circulation 118: 1643-1650, 2008
16. Bansal S, Lindenfeld J, Schrier RW: Sodium retention in cardiac failure and cirrhosis: Potential role of natriuretic doses of mineralocorticoid antagonist? Circ Heart Fail 2: 370-376, 2009
17. Juurlink D, Mamdani M, Lee DS, Kopp A, Austin PC, Lampacis A, Redelmeier DA: Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N Engl J Med 351: 543-551, 2004
18. Gheorghiade M, Filippatos G: Reassessing treatment of acute heart failure syndromes: The ADHERE registry. Eur Heart J 7[Suppl B]: B13-B19, 2005 (Pubitemid 40516891)
19. van Vliet AA, Donker AJ, Nauta JJ, Verheugt FW: Spironolactone in congestive heart failure refractory to high-dose loop diuretic and low-dose angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Am J Cardiol 71: 21A-28A, 1993
20. Braunwald E, Plauth W Jr, Morrow AG: A method for the detection and quantification of impaired sodium excretion: Results of an oral sodium tolerance test in normal subjects and in patients with heart disease. Circulation 32: 223-231, 1965
21. Albillos A, Colombato LA, Groszmann RJ: Vasodilatation and sodium retention in prehepatic portal hypertension. Gastroenterology 102: 931-935, 1992
22. La Villa G, Salmeron SM, Arroyo V, Bosch J, Gines P, Garcia-Pagan JC, Gines A, Asbert M, Jimenez W, Rivera F, et al.: Mineralocorticoid escape in patients with compensated cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Gastroenterology 102: 2114-2119, 1992
23. Gregory PB, Broekelschen PH, Hill MD, Lipton AD, Kuaner CM, Egger M, Miller R: Complications of diseases in the alcoholic patient: A controlled trial. J Gastroenterol 73: 534-536, 1977
24. Brown EA, Markandu ND, Sagnella GA, Jones BE, MacGregor GA: Lack of effect of captopril on the sodium retention of the nephrotic syndrome. Nephron 37: 43-48, 1984 (Pubitemid 14152938)
25. Shapiro MD, Hasbargen J, Hensen J, Schrier RW: Role of aldosterone in the sodium retention of patients with nephrotic syndrome. Am J Nephrol 10: 44-48, 1990 (Pubitemid 20139501)
26. Chapman N, Dobson J, Wilson S, Dahlöf B, Sever PS, Wedel H, Poulter NR: Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial Investigators: Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension. Hypertension 49: 839-845, 2007
27. Nishizaka MK, Zaman MA, Calhoun DA: Efficacy of low-dose spironolactone in subjects with resistant hypertension. Am J Hypertens 16: 925-930, 2003
28. Tsuchiya K, Yoshimoto T, Hirata Y: Endothelial dysfunction is related to aldosterone excess and raised blood pressure. Endocr J 56: 553-559, 2009
29. Lindenmeyer M, Kretzler M, Boucherot A, Berra S, Yasuda Y, Henger A, Eichinger F, Gaiser S, Schmid H, Rastadi M, Schrier RW, Schlöndorff D, Cohen C: Interstitial vascular rarefaction and reduced VEGF-A expression in human diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 18: 1765-1776, 2007
30. Kiyomoto H, Rafiq K, Mostofa M, Nishiyama A: Possible underlying mechanisms responsible for aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent renal injury. J Pharmacol Sci 108: 399-405, 2008
31. Bianchi S, Bigazzi R, Campese VM: Long-term effects of spironolactone on proteinuria and kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 70: 2116-2123, 2006
32. Chrysostomou A, Pedagogos E, MacGregor L, Becker G: Double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effect of the aldosterone receptor antagonist spironolactone in patients who have persistent proteinuria and are on long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy, with or without an angiotensin II receptor blocker. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1: 256-262, 2006
33. Krug AW, Ehrhart-Bornstein M: Adrenocortical dysfunction in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Horm Metab Res 40: 515-517, 2008
34. Kidambi S, Kotchen J, Grim C, Raff H, Mao J, Singh R, Kotchen T: Association of adrenal steroids with hypertension and the metabolic syndrome in blacks. Hypertension 49: 704-711, 2007
35. Yamashita R, Kikuchi T, Mori Y, Aoki K, Kaburagi Y, Yasuda K, Sekihara H: Aldosterone stimulates gene expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes through the glucocorticoid receptor in a manner independent of the protein kinase B cascade. Endocr J 51: 243-251, 2004
36. van den Meiracker AH, Baggen RG, Pauli S, Lindemans A, Vulto AG, Poldermans D, Boomsma F: Spironolactone in type 2 diabetic nephropathy: Effects on proteinuria, blood pressure and renal function. J Hypertens 24: 2285-2292, 2006
37. Mehdi U, Adams-Huet B, Raskin P, Vega G, Toto R: Addition of angiotensin receptor blockade or mineralocorticoid antagonism to maximal angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 20: 2641-2650, 2009
38. Bomback AS, Kshirsagar AV, Klemmer PJ: Renal aspirin: Will all patients with chronic kidney disease one day take spironolactone? Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 5: 74-75, 2009
39. Khosla N, Kalaitzidis R, Bakris G: Predictors of hyperkalemia risk following hypertension control with aldosterone blockade. Am J Nephrol 30: 418-424, 2009