A world of entrepreneurs: The establishment of international agribusiness during the Spanish pork and poultry boom, 1950-2000

Agricultural History

Volumn 84, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 176-194

  Clar, Ernesto ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZARAGOZA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT; AGRICULTURAL HISTORY; AGROINDUSTRY; ECONOMIC HISTORY; INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE; LIVESTOCK FARMING; MACROECONOMICS; MEAT; MICROECONOMICS; NUMERICAL MODEL; POULTRY; TWENTIETH CENTURY;

AGRICULTURE; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CATERING SERVICE; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; DOMESTIC ANIMAL; ECONOMICS; EDUCATION; ETHNOLOGY; EUROPE; FOOD INDUSTRY; HISTORY; LEGAL ASPECT; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; POULTRY; SOCIOECONOMICS; SPAIN; SWINE;

AGRICULTURE; ANIMALS; ANIMALS, DOMESTIC; COMMERCE; EUROPE; FOOD INDUSTRY; FOOD SUPPLY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; OWNERSHIP; POULTRY; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SPAIN; SWINE;

SPAIN;

EID: 77953280873     PISSN: 00021482     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3098/ah.2010.84.2.176     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Tomás García, Alicia Langreo, and José María Sumpsi, La evolución de la cuestión agraria bajo el franquismo (Paris: Editorial Ebro, 1957), 23. Average per capita meat consumption in Spain was 14.3 kg during the first half of the 1950s. To contrast this figure, meat consumption in Greece for the same period was 15 kg and 18 kg in Turkey.
2. For indications regarding the importance of international agribusiness in the Spanish case, see, Miren Etxezarreta, La agricultura española en la era de la globalización (Madrid: Ministerio de Agricultura, 2006);.
3. Ernesto Clar, "La Soberanía del Industrial. Industrias del Complejo Pienso-Ganadero e Implantación del Modelo de Consumo Fordista en España, 1960-1975, " Historia Industrial 36 (Apr. 2008): 133-65.
4. For the influence of multinational agribusiness in the western food production model after the Second World War, see, Harriet Friedmann and Paul McMichael, "Agriculture and the State System, " Sociología Ruralis 29 (Aug. 1989): 93-117;.
5. R. Le Heron and M. Roche, "Globalization, Sustainability and Apple Orcharding, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand, " Economic Geography 72 (Oct. 1996): 376-97.
6. For the unequal relationship between livestock farmers and multinational companies, see, for example, M. J. Watts, "Enclosure: A Modern Spatiality of Nature, " in Envisioning Human Geographies, ed. P. Cloke, M. Goodwin, and P. Crang (London: Arnold, 2004), 48-64;.
7. Giovanni Federico, Feeding the World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005);.
8. David Grigg, The Transformation of Agriculture in the West (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992).
9. Given that the expansion of industrial-scale livestock production in Spain was basically the work of individual entrepreneurs, rather than of large corporations or the state, oral history is a very valuable resource that complements studies of a more general nature, despite little importance being given to this approach until now. For the importance of oral accounts for agrarian history, see, Orville Vernon Burton, "Reaping What We Sow: Community and Rural History, " Agricultural History 76 (Fall 2002): 630-58.
10. James Simpson, Spanish Agriculture: The Long Siesta, 1765-1965 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995);.
11. Domingo Gallego, "Historia de un Desarrollo Pausado: Integración Mercantil y Transformaciones Productivas de la Agricultura Española 1800-1936, " in El Pozo de Todos los Males: Sobre el Atraso de la Agricultura Espanola Contemporanea, ed. Josep Pujol et al. (Barcelona: Critica, 2001), 147-214.
12. Simpson, Spanish Agriculture, 244-48;.
13. Rafael Domínguez, "Las Transformaciones del Sector Ganadero en España (1940-1985), " Ager 1 (Oct. 2001): 47-83;.
14. Clar, "La Soberanía del Industrial, " 133-65.
15. Author interview with Fernando Samper, Dec. 2006, Zaragoza. Notes in possession of author.
16. Maria Isabel Vidart and David Barkin, "El Impacto del Agribusiness en el Desarrollo Rural, " Agricultura y Sociedad 19 (Apr. 1981): 9-44;.
17. Domínguez, "Las Transformaciones, " 54;.
18. Clar, "La Soberanía del Industrial, " 149-55.
19. Author interview with José Luis Pueyo, Dec. 2006, Zaragoza. Notes in possession of author.
20. David Goodman and Michael Redclift, Refashioning Nature: Food, Ecology, and Culture (London: Routledge, 1991);.
21. José Luis, García Delgado and Carlos Jiménez, Un siglo de España. La economía (Madrid: Marcial Pons, 1999);.
22. Simpson, Spanish Agriculture, 256-57;.
23. Clar, "La Soberanía del Industrial, " 135, 149-50.
24. Domínguez, "Las Transformaciones, " 55;.
25. Clar, "La Soberania del Industrial, " 135.
26. Author interview with José Cruanes, Dec. 2006, Zaragoza. Notes in possession of author.
27. Interview with Pueyo.
28. José Antonio, Segrelles Serrano, La Ganadería Avícola y Porciña en Espana: del Aprovechamiento Tradicional al Industrializado (Alicante: Universidad de Alicante, 1993);.
29. Monica Richmond Gisolfi, "From Crop Lien to Contract Farming: The Roots of Agribusiness in the American South, 1929-1939, " Agricultural History 80 (Spring 2006): 167-89;.
30. Alicia Langreo, "La Articulación del Sistema Agroalimentario: Agricultura, " in Lecturas sobre el Sistema Agroalimentario eri España, ed. Manuel Rodriguez and Rosa Soria (Madrid: Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo, 1986), 37-66.
31. Clar, "La Soberanía del Industrial, " 155-56.
32. Dependence on imported soybeans and corn from the United States remained important until Spain became a member of the EEC See, Miguel Ángel, García Dory and Silvio Martínez Vicente, La ganadería en España ¿ Desarrollo integrado o dependencia? (Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1988).
33. Interviews with Cruañes and Pueyo.
34. Interviews with Cruañes and Pueyo.
35. Domínguez, "Las Transformaciones, " 60-61;.
36. Juan de Dios, Vargas Giraldo and Miguel Ángel Aparicio, " Análisis de la Evolución de los Censos y Sistemas de Producción del Cerdo Ibérico, " Revista Española de Estudios Agrosociales y Pesqueros 133 (Fall 2001): 87-118.
37. Interview with Samper.
38. Interview with Cruañes.
39. Ernesto Clar, "Del Cereal Alimento al Cereal Pienso. Historia y Balance de un Intento de Autosuficiencia Ganadera: 1967-1972, " Historia Agraria 37 (Dec. 2005): 513-44;.
40. Jean Pierre Bernal, "The Historical Roots of the Present Agricultural Crisis, " in Towards a New Political Economy of Agriculture, ed. William H. Friedland et al. (Boulder: Westview Press, 1991), 115-36;.
41. World Bank and FAO, El Desarrollo de la Agricultura en España, Informe (Madrid: Ministerio de Hacienda, 1966);.
42. Domínguez, "Las Transformaciones, " 73.
43. Clar, "La Soberanía del Industrial, " 146-47.
44. Fernando Collantes, "The Decline of Agrarian Societies in the European Countryside: A Case Study of Spain in the Twentieth Century, " Agricultural History 81 (Winter 2007): 76-97, .
45. see, Figure 1 in particular. Real income per capita in Leandro Prados de la Escosura, Spain's Gross Domestic Product, 1850-1993 (Madrid: Universidad Carlos III, working paper, 1995).
46. Martine Padilla and Taladidia Thiombiano, "Consumo e domanda alimentare, " in Introduzione all'economia agroalimentare, ed. Louis Malassis and Gerard Ghersi (Bologna: II Mulino, 1992), 17-96;.
47. Luis A. Moreno, Antonio Sarria, and Barry M. Popkin, "The Nutrition Transition in Spain: A European Mediterranean Country, " European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56 (Oct. 2002): 992-1003;.
48. Dominguez, "Las Transformaciones, " 69-70. Whereas the price of pork was reduced to less than half between 1975 and 1985, beet veal, and lamb remained at a clearly higher price (in constant pesetas/kg) than both pork and chicken.
49. Interview with Samper.
50. Interview with Pueyo.
51. Interview with Cruañes.
52. Eduardo Díez-Patier, "La Ganadería Española ante la Integración en la CEE, " Revista Española de Estudios Agrosociales y Pesqueros 116 (Summer 1981): 161-201. The biggest problem faced in adapting the pork sector to the European environment was the eradication of swine fever, which was still present in Spain.
53. By the start of the 1980s, 60 percent of pig farms were already vertically integrated. Dominguez, "Las Transformaciones, " 69.
54. Regarding the Iberian pig, see, Vargas Giraldo and Aparicio Tovar, " Análisis de la evolución de los censos y sistemas de producción del cerdo ibérico, " 87-118.
55. Interview with Pueyo.
56. Interview with Samper and his son.
57. Specialist livestock-sector magazines in Spain are currently speaking of crisis in the sector. See, José Luis, Pérez Gil, "La Ganadería en España: reestructuración o crisis, " Ganadería 55 (June 2008): 20-21;.
58. Alfredo López, "Medidas para afrontar la crisis de la ganadería española, " Mundo Ganadero 205 (Feb. 2008): 10-11.