Coloring properties of various high-nitrogen compounds in pyrotechnic compositions

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 213-219

  Klapçtke, Thomas M ^a,b   Radies, Hendrik ^a   Stierstorfer, Jçrg ^a   Tarantik, Karina R ^a   Chen, Gary ^c   Nagori, Amita ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^c US Army ARDEC   (United States)

Author keywords

Nitrogen Rich; Perchlorate Free; Pyrotechnics; Strontium Salts

Indexed keywords

AMINOTETRAZOLE; BARIUM NITRATES; BARIUM SALTS; COLOR INTENSITY; COMBUSTION BEHAVIOR; COPPER-BASED; DINITRAMIDE; HIGH-NITROGEN COMPOUND; PERCHLORATE SALT; PERCHLORATE-FREE; PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS; PYROTECHNICS; US ARMY;

BARIUM; BARIUM COMPOUNDS; COPPER; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; NITROGEN; NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; STRONTIUM;

SALTS;

EID: 77953260511     PISSN: 07213115     EISSN: 15214087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/prep.201010018     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (29)

1. G. Steinhauser, T. M. Klapçtke, 'Green' Pyrotechnics: A Chemists' Challenge, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 3330.
2. G. T. Flegg, T. T. Griffiths, E. L. Charsley, H. M. Markham, J. J. Rooney, P. D. Howe, Elimination of Perchlorate Oxidizers from Pyrotechnic Incendiary Compositions, 38th Int. Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, June 26-9, 2007, p. 34/41
3. M. A. Hiskey, D. E. Chavez, D. L. Naud, S. F. Son, H. L. Berghout, C. A. Bolme, Progress in High-Nitrogen Chemistry in Explosives, Propellants and Pyrotechnics, 27th International Pyrotechnics Seminar, Grand Junction, Colorado, USA, July 16-21, 2000, p. 3.
4. T. M. Klapçtke, M. Stein, J. Stierstorfer, Salts of 1H-tetrazole - Synthesis, Characterization and Properties, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2008, 638, 1711.
5. T. M. Klapçtke, J. Stierstorfer, K. R. Tarantik, I. D. Thoma, Strontium Nitriminotetrazolates - Suitable Colorants in Smokeless Pyrotechnic Compositions, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2008, 634, 2777.
6. T. M. Klapçtke, J. Stierstorfer, K. R. Tarantik, Salts of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-5-nitriminotetrazole - New Candidates for Coloring Agents in Pyrotechnic Compositions, 12th Seminar New Trends in Research of Energetic Materials, Pardubice, Czech Republic, April 1 - 3, 2009, p. 647.
7. T. M. Klapçtke, J. Stierstorfer, K. R. Tarantik, Pyrotechnically Relevant Salts of 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-5-nitriminotetrazole - Synthesis and Coloring Properties, J. Pyrotech. 2009, 28, 61.
8. T. M. Klapçtke, K. Tarantik, Green Pyrotechnic Compositions, 11th Seminar New Trends in Research of Energetic Materials, Pardubice, Czech Republic, April 9-11, 2008, 586.
9. D. E. Chavez, M. A. Hiskey, D. L. Naud, High-Nitrogen Fuels for Low-Smoke Pyrotechnics, J. Pyrotech. 1999, 10, 17.
10. B. T. Sturman, On the Emitter of Blue Light in Copper-Containing Pyrotechnic Flames, Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 2006, 31, 70.
11. M. Friedrich, J. C. Gálvez-Ruiz, T. M. Klapçtke, P. Mayer, B. Weber, J. J. Weigand, BTA Copper Complexes, Inorg. Chem. 2005, 44, 8044.
12. H. Radies, Synthese und Charakterisierung von energetischen Übergangsmetall-Tetrazolat-Komplexen, diploma thesis, 2006, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Germany.
13. H.-G. Ang, W. Fraenk, K. Karaghiosoff, T. M. Klapçtke, P. Meyer, H. Nçth, J. Sprott, M.Warchold, Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structures of Cu, Ag, and Pd Dinitramide Salts, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2002, 628, 2894.
14. G. Steinhauser, T. M. Klapötke, K. Tarantik, Copper in Pyrotechnics, J. Pyrotech. 2008, 27, 3.
15. Impact: Insensitive>40 J, less sen sitive≥35 J, sensitive≥4, very sensitive≤3 J; friction: Insensitive>360 N, less sensitive1/4360 N, 360 N80 N, very sensitive≤ 80 N, extreme sensitive≤10 N; According to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.
16. G. R. Lakshminarayanan, G. Chen, R. Ames, W. T. Lee, J. Wejsa, K. Meiser, Laminac Binder Replacement Program, Aug 2006.
17. G. Chen, Application of High Nitrogen Energetics in Pyrotechnic, Program Review Presentation to US Army RDECOM, Jan 20 2009.
18. NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) on Explosives, Impact Sensitivity Tests, no.4489, Ed. 1, Sept. 17, 1999.
19. WIWEB-Standardarbeitsanweisung 4-5.1.02, Ermittlung der Explosionsgef-hrlichkeit, hier der Schlagempfindlichkeit mit dem Fallhammer, Nov. 8, 2002.
20. http://www.bam.de
21. http://www.reichel-partner.de/
22. NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) on Explosive, Friction Sensitivity Tests, no.4487, Ed. 1, Aug. 22, 2002.
23. WIWEB-Standardarbeitsanweisung 4-5.1.03, Ermittlung der Explosionsgef-hrlichkeit oder der Reibeempfindlichkeit mit dem Reibeapparat, Nov. 8, 2002.
24. http://www.ozm.cz/testing-instruments/small-scale-electrostatic- discharge-tester.html.
25. S. Zeman, V. Pelikan, J. Majzlik, J. Koci, Electric Spark Sensitivity of Nitramines. Part II. A Problem of "Hot Spots", Central Eur. J. Energ. Mat. 2006, 3, 45.
26. D. Skinner, D. Olson, A. Block-Bolten, Electrostatic Discharge Ignition of Energetic Materials, Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 1997, 23, 34.
27. http://www.parrinst.de/
28. The oxygen balance is calculated by the equation: Ω (%)= (wO-2xC-1/2yH-2zS)1600/M. (w: number of oxygen atoms, x: number of carbon atoms, y: number of hydrogen atoms, z: number of sulfur atoms, M: molecular weight).
29. R. Meyer, J. Köhler, A. Homburg, Explosives, 6th ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2007, p. 240.