Reproductive hormones and obesity: 9 years of observation from the study of women's health across the nation

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 171, Issue 11, 2010, Pages 1203-1213

  Sutton Tyrrell, Kim ^a   Zhao, Xinhua ^a   Santoro, Nanette ^b   Lasley, Bill ^c   Sowers, Maryfran ^d   Johnston, Janet ^e   MacKey, Rachel ^a   Matthews, Karen ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b RUTGERS NEW JERSEY MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^e Alaska Native Epidemiology Center   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Hormones; Menopause; Obesity; Reproduction

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN;

BODY MASS; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; OBESITY; REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY; SEX HORMONE; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; WOMENS HEALTH;

ADULT; AMENORRHEA; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENOPAUSE; OBESITY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PREVALENCE; RACE DIFFERENCE; UNITED STATES;

AGE FACTORS; AMENORRHEA; BODY MASS INDEX; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; CONTINENTAL POPULATION GROUPS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE; ESTRADIOL; FEMALE; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; GONADAL STEROID HORMONES; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; HUMANS; KAPLAN-MEIERS ESTIMATE; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MENOPAUSE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; OBESITY; OBESITY, MORBID; ODDS RATIO; PREVALENCE; SEX HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN; TESTOSTERONE; UNITED STATES;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 77952927115     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: 14766256     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq049     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, et al. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000. JAMA. 2002; 288(14):1723-1727.
2. Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD, et al. Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000. JAMA. 2002;288(14):1728-1732.
3. Kurth T, Gaziano JM, Berger K, et al. Body mass index and the risk of stroke in men. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(22): 2557-2562.
4. Dey DK, Rothenberg E, Sundh V, et al. Waist circumference, body mass index, and risk for stroke in older people: a 15 year longitudinal population study of 70-year-olds. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(9):1510-1518.
5. Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Sullivan L, et al. Overweight and obesity as determinants of cardiovascular risk: the Framing-ham experience. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(16):1867-1872.
6. Stevens J, Cai J, Evenson KR, et al. Fitness and fatness as predictors of mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease in men and women in the lipid research clinics study. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156(9):832-841.
7. Gungor N, Thompson T, Sutton-Tyrrell K, et al. Early signs of cardiovascular disease in youth with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(5):1219-1221.
8. Levent E, Gökxsen D, Ozyürek AR, et al. Stiffness of the abdominal aorta in obese children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2002;15(4):405-409.
9. Wildman RP, Schott LL, Brockwell S, et al. A dietary and exercise intervention slows menopause-associated progression of subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 44(3):579-585.
10. Nemetz PN, Roger VL, Ransom JE, et al. Recent trends in the prevalence of coronary disease: a population-based autopsy study of nonnatural deaths. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(3): 264-270.
11. Sturm R. Increases in clinically severe obesity in the United States, 1986-2000. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(18):2146-2148.
12. Must A, Spadano J, Coakley EH, et al. The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA. 1999;282(16): 1523-1529.
13. McTigue K, Larson JC, Valoski A, et al. Mortality and cardiac and vascular outcomes in extremely obese women. JAMA. 2006;296(1):79-86.
14. Freedman DS, Khan LK, Serdula MK, et al. Trends and correlates of class 3 obesity in the United States from 1990 through 2000. JAMA. 2002;288(14):1758- 1761.
15. Trémollieres FA, Pouilles JM, Ribot CA. Relative influence of age and menopause on total and regional body composition changes in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175(6):1594-1600.
16. Sowers M, Zheng H, Tomey K, et al. Changes in body composition in women over six years at midlife: ovarian and chronological aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(3): 895-901
17. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults\the evidence report. National Institutes of Health. Obes Res. 1998;6(suppl 2): 51S-209S.
18. Erratum in Obes Res. 1998;6(6):464).
19. Lovejoy JC, Sainsbury A. Stock Conference 2008 Working Group. Sex differences in obesity and the regulation of energy homeostasis. Obes Rev. 2009;10(2):154-167.
20. Wing RR, Matthews KA, Kuller LH, et al. Weight gain at the time of menopause. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151(1):97-102.
21. Sternfeld B, Wang H, Quesenberry CP Jr, et al. Physical activity and changes in weight and waist circumference in midlife women: findings from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160(9): 912-922.
22. Douchi T, Yamamoto S, Nakamura S, et al. The effect of menopause on regional and total body lean mass. Maturitas. 1998;29(3):247-252.
23. Douchi T, Yamamoto S, Yoshimitsu N, et al. Relative contribution of aging and menopause to changes in lean and fat mass in segmental regions. Maturitas. 2002;42(4):301-306.
24. Lovejoy JC, Champagne CM, de Jonge L, et al. Increased visceral fat and decreased energy expenditure during the menopausal transition. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32(6):949-958.
25. Sowers MR, Randolph J Jr, Jannausch M, et al. Levels of sex steroid and cardiovascular disease measures in premenopausal and hormone-treated women at mid-life: implications for the "timing hypothesis". Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(9): 2146-2153.
26. Svendsen OL, Hassager C, Christiansen C. Age-and menopause-associated variations in body composition and fat distribution in healthy women as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Metabolism. 1995;44(3):369-373.
27. Randolph JF Jr, Sowers M, Gold EB, et al. Reproductive hormones in the early menopausal transition: relationship to ethnicity, body size, and menopausal status. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(4):1516-1522.
28. Sowers MR, Jannausch M, McConnell D, et al. Hormone predictors of bone mineral density changes during the menopausal transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(4):1261-1267.
29. Sowers MF, Crawford S, Sternfeld B, et al. SWAN: a multicenter, multiethnic, community-based cohort study of women and the menopausal transition. In: Lobo RA, Kelsey J, Marcus R, eds. Menopause: Biology and Pathobiology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2000:175-188.
30. World Health Organization. Research on the menopause in the 1990s. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1996. (WHO technical report series 866).
31. Ferris BG. Epidemiology Standardization Project (American Thoracic Society). Am Rev Respir Dis. 1978;118(6 pt 2): 1-120.
32. Sternfeld B, Ainsworth B, Quesenberry CP Jr. Physical activity patterns in a diverse population of women. Prev Med. 1999;28(3):313-323.
33. Baecke JA, Burema J, Frijters JE. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982;36(5):936-942.
34. Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc. 1958;53(282):457-481.
35. Cox DR. Regression models and life tables (with discussion). J R Stat Soc (B). 1972;34:187-220.
36. Allison PD. Survival Analysis Using the SAS System: A Practical Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc; 1995.
37. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied Logistic Regression. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 2000.
38. Hendrix SL. Bilateral oophorectomy and premature menopause. Am J Med. 2005;118(12 suppl. 2):131-135.
39. Weel AE, Uitterlinden AG, Westendorp IC, et al. Estrogen receptor polymorphism predicts the onset of natural and surgical menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(9):3146-3150.
40. Thurston RC, Matthews KA, Hernandez J, et al. Improving the performance of physiologic hot flash measures with support vector machines. Psychophysiology. 2009;46(2):285-292.
41. Thurston RC, Sowers MR, Sutton-Tyrrell K, et al. Abdominal adiposity and hot flashes among midlife women. Menopause. 2008;15(3):429-434.
42. Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis. Endocr Rev. 1997;18(6):774-800.
43. Janssen I, Powell LH, Crawford S, et al. Menopause and the metabolic syndrome: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(14):1568-1575.
44. Torréns JI, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Zhao X, et al. Relative androgen excess during the menopausal transition predicts incident metabolic syndrome in midlife women: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Menopause. 2009;16(2):257-264.
45. Fogle RH, Stanczyk FZ, Zhang X, et al. Ovarian androgen production in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(8):3040-3043. (Pubitemid 47236368)
46. Moran C, Renteria JL, Moran S, et al. Obesity differentially affects serum levels of androstenedione and testosterone in polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(6):2310-2317.
47. Havelock JC, Rainey WE, Bradshaw KD, et al. The post-menopausal ovary displays a unique pattern of steroidogenic enzyme expression. Hum Reprod. 2006;21(1):309-317.
48. Pabon JE, Li X, Lei ZM, et al. Novel presence of luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors in human adrenal glands. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(6):2397-2400. (Pubitemid 26175975)
49. Rao Ch V, Zhou XL, Lei ZM. Functional luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors in human adrenal cortical H295R cells. Biol Reprod. 2004;71(2):579-587.
50. Zang H, Carlström K, Arner P, et al. Effects of treatment with testosterone alone or in combination with estrogen on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril. 2006; 86(1):136-144.
51. Quinkler M, Sinha B, Tomlinson JW, et al. Androgen generation in adipose tissue in women with simple obesity\a site-specific role for 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5. J Endocrinol. 2004;183(2):331-342.
52. Plymate SR, Matej LA, Jones RE, et al. Inhibition of sex hormone-binding globulin production in the human hepatoma (Hep G2) cell line by insulin and prolactin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;67(3):460-464.
53. Loukovaara M, Carson M, Adlercreutz H. Regulation of production and secretion of sex hormone-binding globulin in HepG2 cell cultures by hormones and growth factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80(1):160-164.
54. Sternfeld B, Bhat AK, Wang H, et al. Menopause, physical activity, and body composition/fat distribution in midlife women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37(7):1195-1202.
55. Lindgärde F, Malmquist J, Balke B. Physical fitness, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance in healthy males and mild type-2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol Lat. 1983;20(1):33-40.
56. Koivisto VA, Yki-Jarvinen H, DeFronzo RA. Physical training and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1986;1(4): 445-481.
57. Brown MD, Moore GE, Korytkowski MT, et al. Improvement of insulin sensitivity by short-term exercise training in hypertensive African American women. Hypertension. 1997; 30(6):1549-1553.
58. Miller JP, Pratley RE, Goldberg AP, et al. Strength training increases insulin action in healthy 50-to 65-yr-old men. J Appl Physiol. 1994;77(3):1122-1127.
59. Arterburn DE, McDonell MB, Hedrick SC, et al. Association of body weight with condition-specific quality of life in male veterans. Am J Med. 2004;117(10):738-746.
60. Fine JT, Colditz GA, Coakley EH, et al. A prospective study of weight change and health-related quality of life in women. JAMA. 1999;282(22):2136- 2142.