Optimal operation of offshore wind farms with line-commutated HVDC link connection

IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 504-513

  Montilla Djesus, Miguel Eduardo ^a   Santos Martin, David ^a   Arnaltes, Santiago ^a   Castronuovo, Edgardo D ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID   (Spain)

Author keywords

Converters; Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG); High voltage dc transmission; Nonlinear programming; Optimization methods; Wind power generation

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE POWER OUTPUT; CAPABILITY CURVES; CERTAIN FACTOR; COST-EFFICIENT; DC LINKS; DC-LINK; DOUBLY FED INDUCTION GENERATOR (DFIG); DOUBLY-FED INDUCTION GENERATOR; ELECTRIC ENERGY SUPPLY; HIGH-VOLTAGE DC TRANSMISSIONS; HIGH-VOLTAGES; HVDC LINK; OFFSHORE WIND FARMS; OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS; OPTIMAL OPERATION; OPTIMIZATION METHOD; OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS; REACTIVE CONTROL; REALISTIC SIMULATION; WIND SPEED;

ASYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS; CURVE FITTING; ELECTRIC FAULT CURRENTS; ELECTRIC GENERATORS; ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION; ELECTRIC UTILITIES; NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING; OFFSHORE POWER PLANTS; OPTIMIZATION; WIND POWER;

DC POWER TRANSMISSION;

EID: 77952923650     PISSN: 08858969     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TEC.2009.2033575     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. European Parliament and of the Council, Directive 2001/77/CE on the Promotion Electricity Produced From Renewable Energy Sources in the Internal Electricity Market, 2001.
2. T. Thiringer, "Integration of large sea-based wind park-howmuch power electronic devices are needed in order to avoid power quality problems on the grid?" in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Summer Meet., Chicago, Jul. 2000, vol.2, pp. 1277-1279.
3. T.Ackermann and Ed.,Wind Power in Power Systems. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley, 2005.
4. N. M. Kirby, L. Xu, M. Luckett, and W. Siepmann, "HVDC transmission for large offshore wind farms," Inst. Electr. Eng. Power Eng. J., vol.16, no.3, pp. 135-141, Jun. 2002.
5. S. D. Wright, A. L. Rogers, J. F. Manwell, and A Ellis, "Transmission options for offshore wind farms in the United State," in Proc. AWEA Annu. Conf., 2002, pp. 1-12.
6. C. Meyer, M. Höing, A. Peterson, and R. W. De Doncker, "Control and design of DC grids for offshore wind farms," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol.43, no.6, pp. 1475-1482, Nov. 2007.
7. N. Barberis Negra, J. Todorovic, and T. Ackermann, "Loss evaluation of HVAC and HVDC transmission solutions for large offshore wind farms," Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol.76, pp. 916-927, 2006.
8. Z. Jinhua, "Optimization study on voltage level and transmission capacity," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol.24, no.1, pp. 193-197, Feb. 2009.
9. S. Bozhko, G. Asher, R. Li, J. Clare, and L. Yao, "Large offshore DFIGbased wind farm with line-commuted HVDC connection to the main grid: Engineering studies," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol.23, no.1, pp. 119-127, Mar. 2008.
10. L. Xu, L. Yao, and C. Sasse, "Grid integration of large DFIG-based wind farms using VSC transmission," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol.22, no.3, pp. 976-984, Aug. 2007.
11. U. Axelsson, A. Holm, C. Lilgergen, M. Alberg, K. Eriksson, and O. Tollerz, "The Gotland HVDC light project experiences from trial and commercial operation," presented at Inst. Electr. Eng., 16th Int. Conf. Exhib. Electr. Distrib. (CIRED), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2001.
12. E. D. Castronuovo, J. Usaola, and A. Jaramillo, "Delegated dispatching of wind farms: An optimal approach considering continuous control and interruption capabilities," Wind Energy, vol.12, no.4, pp. 332-347, May 2009.
13. E. D. Castronuovo, J. Mart́nez-Crespo, and J. Usaola, "Optimal controllability of wind generators in a delegated dispatch," Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol.77, no.10, pp. 1442-1448, Aug. 2007.
14. Royal Decree 661/2007. (2007, May 25). Establishing the regulation the activity of the electric power production to the special regime (in Spanish) [Online]. Available: http://www.cne.es
15. R. G. de Almeida, E. D. Castronuovo, and J. A. Peças Lopes, "Optimum generation control in wind park when carrying out system operator request," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol.21, no.2, pp. 718-725, May 2006.
16. C. F. Moyano and J. A. Peças Lopes, "Using an OPF like approach to define the operational strategy of a wind park under a system operator control," in Proc. IEEE Power Tech., Lausanne, Switzerland, Jul. 2007, pp. 651-656.
17. S. Müller, M. Deicke, and R. W. De Donker, "Doubly fed induction generator systems for wind turbines," IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag., vol.8, no.3, pp. 26-33, May/Jun. 2002.
18. R. Peña, J. C. Clare, and G. M. Asher, "A doubly fed induction generator using back to back PWM converters supplying an isolated load from a variable speed wind turbine," in Proc. Inst. Electr. Eng. Electr. Power Appl., vol.13, pp. 354-362, Sep. 1996.
19. D. Santos-Martin, S. Arnaltes, and J. L. Rodriguez-Amenedo, "Reactive power capability of doubly fed asynchronous generators," Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol.78, pp. 1837-1840, 2008.
20. M. M. Adibi and D. P. Milanicz, "Reactive capability limitation of synchronous machine," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol.9, no.1, pp. 29-40, Feb. 1994.
21. J. Yu,W. Yan,W. Li, C. Y. Chung, and K. P.Wong, "An unfixed piecewiseoptimal reactive power-flowmodel and its algorithm forAC-DC systems," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol.23, no.1, pp. 170-176, Feb. 2008.
22. J. L. Rodriguez-Amenedo, S. Arnaltes, and J. C. Burgos, "Automatic generation control of a wind farm with variable speed wind turbines," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol.17, no.2, pp. 279-284, Jun. 2002.
23. J. R. Kristofferson and P. Christiansen, "Horns rev offshore wind farm: Its main controller and remote control system," Wind Eng. J., vol.27, no.5, pp. 351-360, 2003.
24. A. D. Hansen, P. Sørensen, F. Lov, and F. Blaabjerg, "Centralised power control ofwind farmwith doubly fed induction generator," Renew. Energy, vol.31, pp. 935-951, 2006.
25. E. Kimbark, Direct Current Transmission. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1971.
26. P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
27. H. Ambriz-Ṕerez, E. Acha, and C. R. Fuerte-Esquivel, "High voltage direct current modeling in optimal power flows," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol.30, no.3, pp. 157-168, 2008.
28. U. De Martinez, F. Gagliardi, A. Losi, V. Mangoni, and F. Rossi, "Optimal load follow for electric power systems with multiterminal HVDC links," Proc. Inst. Electr. Eng., vol.137, no.2, pp. 139-145, Mar. 1990.
29. C. N. Lu, S. S. Chen, and C. M. Ong, "The incorporation of HVDC equations in optimal power flow methods using sequential quadratic programming technique," IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol.3, no.3, pp. 1005-1011, Aug. 1998.
30. E. D. Castronuovo, J. M. Campagnolo, and R. Salgado, "New versions of nonlinear interior point methods applied to the optimal power flow," presented at the IEEE T&D Latin America, São Paulo, Brazil, Apr. 2002.