Interrelationships between education, occupational class, income and sickness absence

European Journal of Public Health

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 276-280

  Piha, Kustaa ^a   Laaksonen, Mikko ^a   Martikainen, Pekka ^a   Rahkonen, Ossi ^a   Lahelma, Eero ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

Health inequality; Sickness absence; Socio economic status

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLASSIFICATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FINLAND; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; INCOME; MALE; MEDICAL LEAVE; MIDDLE AGED; OCCUPATION; POISSON DISTRIBUTION; REGISTER; SEX RATIO; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICS;

ADULT; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FINLAND; HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS; HUMANS; INCOME; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OCCUPATIONS; POISSON DISTRIBUTION; REGISTRIES; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SICK LEAVE; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 77952919210     PISSN: 11011262     EISSN: 1464360X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckp162     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Marmot M., Feeney A., Shipley M., North F.M., Syme S.L. Sickness absence as a measure of health status and functioning: from the UK Whitehall II study. J Epidemiol Community Health 1995;49:124-130.
2. Borg K., Hensing G., Alexanderson K. Predictive factors for disability pension - an 11-year follow up of young persons on sick leave due to neck, shoulder, or back diagnoses. Scand J Public Health 2001;29:104-112.
3. Kivimäki M, Ferrie JE, Hagberg J, et al. Diagnosis-specific sick leave as a risk marker for disability pension in a Swedish population. J Epidemiol Community Health 2007;61:915-920.
4. Kivimäki M, Head J, Ferrie JE, Shipley MJ, Vahtera J, Marmot MG. Sickness absence as a global measure of health: evidence from mortality in the Whitehall II prospective cohort study. BMJ 2003;327:364.
5. Vahtera J., Pentti J., Kivimäki M. Sickness absence as a predictor of mortality among male and female employees. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004;58:321-326.
6. Martikainen P., Mäkela P, Koskinen S, Valkonen T. Income differences in mortality: a register-based follow-up study of three million men and women. Int J Epidemiol 2001;30:1397-1405.
7. Rahkonen O., Lahelma E., Martikainen P., Silventoinen K. Determinants of health inequalities by income from the 1980s to the 1990s in Finland. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002;56:442-443.
8. Lahelma E., Martikainen P., Laaksonen M., Aittomäki A. Pathways between socioeconomic determinants of health. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004;58:327-332.
9. North F., Syme S.L., Feeney A., Head J., Shipley M.J., Marmot M.G. Explaining socioeconomic differences in sickness absence: the Whitehall II study. BMJ 1993;306:361-366.
10. Melchior M., Krieger N., Kawachi I., Berkman L.F., Niedhammer I., Goldberg M. Work factors and occupational class disparities in sickness absence: findings from the GAZEL cohort study. Am J Public Health 2005;95:1206-1212.
11. Christensen K.B., Labriola M., Lund T., Kivimäki M. Explaining the social gradient in long-term sickness absence: a prospective study of Danish employees. J Epidemiol Community Health 2008;62:181-183.
12. Mackenbach J.P., Kunst A.E., Cavelaars AEJM, Groenhof F., Geurts JJM. The EU Working Group on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health. Socioeconomic inequalities in morbidity and mortality in Western Europe. Lancet 1997;349:1655-1659.
13. Mackenbach J.P., Bos V., Andersen O., et al. Widening socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in six Western European countries. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32:830-837.
14. Geyer S., Hemstrom O., Peter R., Vagero D. Education, income, and occupational class cannot be used interchangeably in social epidemiology. Empirical evidence against a common practice. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60:804-810.
15. Martikainen P., Blomgren J., Valkonen T. Change in the total and independent effects of education and occupational social class on mortality: analyses of all Finnish men and women in the period 1971-2000. J Epidemiol Community Health 2007;61:499-505.
16. Piha K., Martikainen P., Rahkonen O., Roos E., Lahelma E. Trends in socioeconomic differences in sickness absence among Finnish municipal employees 1990-99. Scand J Public Health 2007;35:348-355.
17. Davey Smith G., Hart C., Hole D., et al. Education and occupational social class: which is the more important indicator of mortality risk? J Epidemiol Community Health 1998;52:153-160.
18. Macintyre S. The Black Report and beyond: what are the issues? Soc Sci Med 1997;44:723-745.
19. Geyer S., Peter R. Income, occupational position, qualification and health inequalities - competing risks? (comparing indicators of social status). J Epidemiol Community Health 2000;54:299-305.
20. Galobardes B., Shaw M., Lawlor D.A., Lynch J.W., Davey Smith G. Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 1). J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60:7-12.
21. Galobardes B., Shaw M., Lawlor D.A., Lynch J.W., Davey Smith G. Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 2). J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60:95-101.
22. Singh-Manoux A., Clarke P., Marmot M. Multiple measures of socio-economic position and psychosocial health: proximal and distal measures. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:1192-1199; discussion 1199-200.
23. Laaksonen M., Rahkonen O., Martikainen P., Lahelma E. Socioeconomic position and self-rated health: the contribution of childhood socioeconomic circumstances, adult socioeconomic status, and material resources. Am J Public Health 2005;95:1403-1409.
24. Söderfelt B, Danermark B, Larsson S. Social class and sickness absences - a comparative study of four ways to measure social class. Scand J Soc Med 1987;15:211-217.
25. Marmot M.G., Davey Smith G, Stansfeld S, et al. Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. Lancet 1991;337:1387-1393.
26. Feeney A., North F., Head J., Canner R., Marmot M.G. Socioeconomic and sex differentials in reason for sickness absence from the Whitehall II study. Occup Environ Med 1998;55:91-98.
27. Moncada S., Navarro A., Cortes I., Molinero E., Artazcoz L. Sickness leave, administrative category and gender: results from the "Casa Gran" project. Scand J Public Health 2002;59(SUPPL.):26-33.
28. Lahelma E., Martikainen P., Rahkonen O., Roos E., Saastamoinen P. Occupational class inequalities across key domains of health: Results from the Helsinki Health Study. Eur J Public Health 2005;15:504-510.
29. Tietoja Helsingin kaupungin henkilöstöstä 2003. Helsingin kaupungin talous- ja suunnittelukeskus. (Information on the personnel of the City of Helsinki. City of Helsinki, Economic and Planning Centre) 2004;2.
30. SAS Institute Inc. SAS OnlineDoc, V8. 2009; Available at: http://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/accessed 13 August 2009.
31. Chandola T., Bartley M., Sacker A., Jenkinson C., Marmot M. Health selection in the Whitehall II study, UK. Soc Sci Med 2003;56:2059-2072.
32. Allebeck P., Mastekaasa A. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU). Chapter 5. Risk factors for sick leave - general studies. Scand J Public Health 2004;63(SUPPL.):49-108.