A new genus of tragulid ruminant from the early miocene of Kenya

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

Volumn 55, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 177-187

  Sánchez, Israel M ^a,b   Quiralte, Victoria ^a   Morales, Jorge ^a   Pickford, Martin ^c  

^a MUSEO NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS NATURALES   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^c Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique   (France)

Author keywords

Africa; Afrotragulus; Dorcatherium; Kenya; Mammalia; Miocene; Moruorot Hill; Ruminantia; Rusinga Island; Tragulidae

Indexed keywords

BODY SIZE; DENTITION; MIOCENE; MORPHOLOGY; NEW GENUS; NEW SPECIES; NEW TAXON; RUMINANT; TAXONOMY;

KENYA; NYANZA; RUSINGA ISLAND;

BOVIDAE; MAMMALIA; RUMINANTIA; TRAGULIDAE;

EID: 77952897824     PISSN: 05677920     EISSN: 17322421     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4202/app.2009.0087     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Agnarsson, I. and May-Collado, L.-J. 2008. The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: The importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide reliable species-level phylogenies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48:964-985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev. 2008.05.046 PMid:18590827
2. Agustí, J., Cabrera, L., Garcés, M., Krijgsman, W., Oms, O., and Pares, J.-M. 2001. A calibrated mammal scale for the Neogene of Western Europe. State of the art. Earth Sciences Review 52:247-260. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/S0012-8252 (00) 00025-8
3. Arambourg, W. 1933. Mammifères miocènes du Turkana, Afrique orientale. Annales de Paléontologie 22:121-148.
4. Arambourg, C. and Piveteau, J. 1929. Les Vertébrés du Pontien de Salonique. Annales de Paleontologie 18:57-140.
5. Azanza, B. 2000. Los Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) del Mioceno de las cuencas del Duero, Tajo, Calatayud-Teruel yLevante. Memorias del Museo Paleontológico de la Universidad de Zaragoza 8:1-376.
6. Boschetto, H.-B., Brown, F.-H., and McDougall, I. 1992. Stratigraphy of the Lothidok Range, northern Kenya, and K-Ar ages of its Miocene primates. Journal of Human Evolution 30:47-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2484 (92) 90029-9
7. Colbert, E.-H. 1935. Siwalik mammals in the American Museum of Natural History. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 26:1-401.
8. Dubost, G. 1965. Quelques traits remarquables du comportement de Hyemoschus aquaticus. Biologia Gabonica 1:282-287.
9. Erxleben, J.-C.-P. 1777. Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates, cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis I. Mammalia. 636 pp. Weygand, Lipsiae.
10. Fahlbusch, V. 1985. Säugetierrestre (Dorcatherium, Steneofiber) aus der Miozanen Braunkhole von Wackersdorf/Oberpfalz. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie 25:81-94.
11. Gaur, R. 1992. On Dorcatherium nagrii (Tragulidae, Mammalia) with a review of Siwalik tragulids. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 98:353-370.
12. Gentry, A.-W., Rössner, G.-E., and Heizmann, E.-P.-J. 1999. Suborder Ruminantia. In: G.-E. Rössner and K. Heissig (eds.), The Miocene Land Mammals of Europe, 225-258. München, Verlag Dr. F. Pfeil.
13. Geraads, D., Bouvrain, G., and Sudre, J. 1987. Relations phylétiques de Bachitherium Filhol, ruminant de l'Oligocene d'Europe occidentale. Palaeovertebrata 17:43-73.
14. Geraads, D., Kaya, T., and Mayda, S. 2005. Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafl1, Thrace region, Turkey, and the biogeographic implications. Acta Paleontologica Polonica 50:523-544.
15. Ginsburg, L., Morales, J., and Soria, D. 2001. Les Ruminantia (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) du Miocène des Bugti (Balouchistan, Pakistan). Estudios Geológicos 57:155-170.
16. Groves, P. and Meijaard, E. 2005. Interspecific variation in Moschiola, The Indian chevrotain. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 12:413-421.
17. Grubb, P. 1993. Order Artiodactyla. In: C.-M. Wemmer (ed.), Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 377-414. 2nd edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC.
18. Hamilton, W.-R. 1973. The Lower Miocene ruminants of Gebel Zelten, Libya. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 21:75-150.
19. Han, D. 1986. Fossils of Tragulidae from Lufeng, Yunnan [in Chinese, with English abstract]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica 5:68-78.
20. Hassanin, A. and Douzery, E.-J.-P. 2003. Molecular and morphological phylogenies of Ruminantia and the alternative position of the Moschidae. Systematic Biology 52:206-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150390192726 PMid:12746147
21. Hillenbrand, V., Göhlich, U.-B., and Rössner, G. 2009. The early Vallesian vertebrates of Atzelsdorf (Late Miocene, Austria). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 111 A: 519-556.
22. Janis, C.-M. 1984. Tragulids as living fossils. In: N. Eldredge and S.-M. Stanley (eds.), Living Fossils, 87-94. Casebooks in Earth Sciences, New York.
23. Janis, C.-M. 1987. Grades and clades in hornless ruminant evolution: the reality of Gelocidae and the systematic position of Lophiomeryx and Bachitherium. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7:200-216.
24. Kay, R.-N.-B. 1987. The comparative anatomy and physiology of digestion in tragulids and cervids, and its relation to food intake. In: C.-M. Wemmer (ed.), Biology and Management of the Cervidae, Research Symposia of the National Zoological Park, 214-222. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
25. Kaup, J.-J. 1832-39. Description d'ossements fossiles de mammifères inconnus jusqu'à présent, qui se trouvent au Muséum grand-ducal du Darmstadt. Part. V. Darmstadt, 91-103. J.-G. Heyer, Darmstadt.
26. Kaup, J.-J. and Scholl, J.-B. 1834. Verzeichniss der Gypsabgüsse von den ausgezeichnetsten urweltlichen Thierresten des Grossherzoglichen Museum zu Darmstadt. 28 pp. Zweite Ausgabe. J. P. Diehl, Darmstadt.
27. Koufos, D.-G. and Syrides, G.-E. 1997. A new Early/Middle Miocene mammal locality from Macedonia, Greece. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris, Sciences de la Terre et des planètes 325:511-516.
28. Koufos, D.-G., Kostopoulos, D.-S., and Vlachou, T.-D. 2005. Neogene/Quaternary mammalian migrations in Eastern Mediterranean. Belgian Journal of Zoology 135:181-190.
29. Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1: Regnum animale. Editio decima, reformata. 824 pp. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae.
30. Marcot, J.-D. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of terrestrial artiodactyls. Conflicts and resolution. In: D.-R. Prothero and S.-E. Foss (eds.), The Evolution of Artiodactyls, 4-18. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
31. Meijaard, E. and Groves, C.-P. 2004. A taxonomic revision of the Tragulus mouse-deer (Artiodactyla). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140:63-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00091.x
32. Mein, P. 1989. Updating of MN zones. In: E.-H. Lindsay, V. Fahlbusch, and P. Mein (eds.), European Neogene Mammal Chronology, 73-90. NATO ASI Series 180, New York, London.
33. Mein, P. and Ginsburg, L. 1997. Les mammifères du gisement miocène inférieur de Li Mae Long, Thailand: systematique, bioestratigraphie et palaéoenvironnement. Geodiversitas 19:783-844.
34. Métais, G. and Vislobokova, I. 2007. Basal Ruminants. In: D.-R. Prothero and S.-E. Foss (eds.), The Evolution of Artiodactyls, 189-212. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
35. Métais, G., Chaimanee. Y., Jaeger J.-J., and Ducrocq, S. 2001. New remains of primitive ruminants from Thailand: evidence of the early evolution of the Ruminantia in Asia. Zoologica Scripta 30:231-248. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1046/j.0300-3256.2001.00071.x
36. Métais, G., Chaimanee, Y., Jaeger, J.-J., and Ducrocq, S. 2007. Ecoene bunoselenodont Artiodactyla from southern Thailand and the early evolution of Ruminantia in South Asia. Naturwissenschaften 94:493-498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-007-0218-2 PMid:17252239
37. Milne-Edwards, A. 1864. Recherches anatomiques, zoologiques et paléontologiques sur la famille des chevrotains. Annales de Science Naturelle Paris 5:1-167.
38. Montgelard, C., Catzeflis, F., and Douzery, E. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships of artiodactyls and cetaceans as deduced from the comparison of cytochrome b and 12S rRNA mitochondrial sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution 14:550-559.
39. Morales, J., Soria, D., Sánchez, I.-M., Quiralte, V., and Pickford, M. 2003. Tragulidae from Arrisdrift, Basal Middle Miocene, Southern Namibia. Memoir of the Geological Survey of Namibia 19:359-370.
40. Nowak, R.-M. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World. Sixth Edition, VolumesIand II. 1629 pp. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
41. Ogilby, W. 1841. OnMoschus aquaticus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 9:68.
42. Pickford, M. 1986. Cainozoic paleontological sites of Western Kenya. Münchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen 8:1-151. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/S0016-6995 (01) 80007-3
43. Pickford, M. 2001. Africa's smallest ruminant: a new tragulid from the Miocene of Kenya and the biostratigraphy of East African Tragulidae. Geobios 34:437-447.
44. Pickford, M. 2002. Ruminants from the Early Miocene of Napak, Uganda. Annales de Paléontologie 88:85-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3969 (02) 01041-8
45. Pickford, M. and Senut, B. 2003. Miocene Palaeobiology of the Orange River Valley, Namibia. Memoir of the Geological Survey of Namibia 19:1-22. (Pubitemid 350285638)
46. Pickford, M., Senut, B., and Mourer-Chauviré, C. 2004. Early Pliocene Tragulidae and peafowls in the Rift Valley, Kenya: evidence for rainforest in East Africa. Comptes Rendus Palevol 3:179-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv. 2004.01.004
47. Pilgrim, G.-E. 1910. Notices on new mammalian genera and species from the Tertiaries of India. Records of the Geological Survey of India 40:63-71.
48. Quiralte, V., Sánchez, I.-M., Morales. J., and Pickford, M. 2008. Tragulidae (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia) from the Lower Miocene of the Sperrgebiet, Southern Namibia. Memoir of the Geological Survey of Namibia 20:387-396.
49. Rössner, G.-E. 2007. Family Tragulidae. In: D.-R. Prothero and S.-E. Foss (eds.), The Evolution of Artiodactyls, 213-220. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
50. Sánchez, I.-M. and Morales, J. 2008. Micromeryx azanzae sp. nov. (Ruminantia: Moschidae) from the middle-upper Miocene of Spain, and the first description of the cranium of Micromeryx. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28:873-885.
51. Sánchez, I.-M., Domingo, M.-S., and Morales, J. 2009. New data on the Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia) from the upper Miocene of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29:567-575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/039.029.0223
52. Scopoli, J.-A. 1777. Introdvctio ad historiam natvralem sistens genera lapidvm, plantarvm, et animalivm hactenvs detecta, caracteribvs essentialibvs donata, in tribvs divisa, svbinde ad leges natvrae. 506 pp. Gerle, Pragae.
53. Scott, K.-M. and Janis, C.-M. 1993. Relationships of the Ruminantia (Artiodactyla) and an analysis of the characters used in ruminant taxonomy. In: F.-S. Szalay, M.-J. Novacek, and M.-C. McKenna (eds.), Mammal Phylogeny: Placentals, 282-302. Springer Verlag, New York.
54. Thomas, H., Ginsburg, L., Hintong, C., and Suteethorn, V. 1990. A new tragulid, Siamotragulus sanyathanai n. gen. n. sp. (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Thailand (Amphoe Pong, Phayao Province). Comptes Rendues de l'Academie des Sciences, série II 310:989-995.
55. Tsubamoto, T., Tun, S.-T., Egi, N., Takai, M., Shigehara, N., Soe, A.-N., Aung, A.-K., and Thein, T. 2003. Reevaluation of some ungulate mammals from the Eocene Pondaung Formation, Myanmar. Paleontological Research 7:219-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.2517/prpsj.7.219
56. Webb, S.-D. and Taylor, B.-E. 1980. The phylogeny of hornless ruminants and a description of the cranium of Archaeomeryx. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 167:121-157.
57. West, R.-M. 1980. A minute new species of Dorcatherium (Tragulidae, Mammalia) from the Chinji formation near Daud Khel, Mianwail disctrict, Pakistan. Contributions in Biology and Geology 33:1-6.
58. Whitworth, T. 1958. Miocene ruminants of East Africa. Fossil Mammals of Africa 15:1-50.