Foresight styles assessment: Testing a new tool for consulting futurists

Journal of Futures Studies

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-26

  Gary, Jay E ^a  

^a REGENT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Assessments; Cognitive styles; Diffusion innovation; Factor analysis; Foresight; Futures studies; Leadership; Quantitative research; Strategic foresight; Temporal perspective

Indexed keywords

EID: 77952856655     PISSN: 10276084     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Ackoff, Russell L. (1969). A concept of corporate planning. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
2. Argyris, Chris, Robert Putnam, & Diane M. Smith. (1985). Action science. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
3. Aritzeta, Aitor, Senior Barbara, & Swailes, Stephen. (2005, August). Team role preference and cognitive styles: A convergent validity study. Small Group Research, 36(4), 404-436.
4. Bandura, Albert. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
5. Bandura, Albert. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.
6. Bass, Bernard M., & Bruce J. Avolio. (2002). Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire (Form 5X). Redwood City, CA: Mindgarden.
7. Belbin, R. Meredith. (1993). Team roles at work. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.
8. Bell, Wendell. (1996). Foundations of futures studies: History, purposes, and knowledge. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
9. Boal, Kimberly B., & Robert Hooijberg. (2000, Winter). Strategic leadership research: Moving on. Leadership Quarterly, 11(4), 515-549.
10. Buckingham, Marcus, & Donald O. Clifton. (2001). Now, discover your strengths. New York: Free.
11. Cameron, Kim S., Robert E. Quinn, Jeff DeGraff, & Anjan V. Thakor. (2006). Competing values leadership: Creating value in organizations. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
12. Campbell, Donald T., & Donald W. Fiske. (1959, March). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56(2), 81-105.
13. Choo, Chun W. (2007, January). Information seeking in organizations: Epistemic contexts and contests. Information Research, 12(2), 298. Retrieved December 7, 2008, from http://informationr.net/ir/12-2/paper298.html.
14. Cottle, Thomas J. (1967). The circles test: An investigation of temporal relatedness and dominance. Journal of Projective Techniques and Personality Assessment, 31, 58-71.
15. Cottle, Thomas J., & Stephen L. Klineberg. (1974). The present of things future: Explorations of time in human experience. New York: Free.
16. Daltrey, Marilyn H., & Philip Langer. (1984, June). Development and evaluation of a measure of future time perspective. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 58(3), 719-725.
17. Dann, Stephen. (2005). Temporal innovativeness as an attitudinal measure of temporal preference (ANZMAC 2005 Conference: Entrepreneurship, Innovation and New Product Development). Retrieved November 4, 2008, from http://smib.vuw.ac.nz:8081/WWW/ANZMAC2005/cd-site/pdfs/5-Entrepren-Innovation/5-Dann.pdf.
18. Das, Tushar K. (1986). The subjective side of strategy making: Future orientations and perceptions of executives. New York: Praeger.
19. Das, Tushar K. (1987, March/April). Strategic planning and individual temporal orientation. Strategic Management Journal, 8(2), 203-209.
20. Das, Tushar K. (2004). Strategy and time: Really recognizing the future. In Haridimos Tsoukas & Jill Shepherd (Eds.), Managing the future: Foresight in the knowledge economy (pp.58-74). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
21. Day, David V., Stephen J. Zaccaro, & Stanley M. Halpin. (2004). Leader development for transforming organizations growing leaders for tomorrow. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
22. DeVellis, Robert F. (2003). Scale development: Theory and applications (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
23. Dian, Natalie. (2001). Futures styles inventory - A map over your futures orientation! Gotenberg, Sweden: Visionscentret Framtidsbygget AB & Mirrorgate HB.
24. Dian, Natalie. (2003, October 17). Tune up your 'futures thinking vehicle.' Presented to Imagineering Ireland: Promoting innovation and competitiveness through futures thinking, Ireland: Dublin Institute of Technology, The Futures Academy.
25. Dian, Natalie. (2007). Foresight styles assessment. Retrieved October 13, 2008, from Visionscentret Framtidsbygget: http://www.foresightstyles.com.
26. Dian, Natalie. (2009, February). Foresight styles assessment: A theory based study in competency and change. Journal of Futures Studies, 13(3), 59-74.
27. Ekvall, Göran. (1991). Change-centered leaders: Empirical evidence of a third dimension of leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 12(6), 18-23.
28. Finkelstein, Sydney, & Donald C. Hambrick. (1996). Strategic leadership: Top executives and their effects on organizations. Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN: South-Western.
29. Fishbein, Martin, & Icek Ajzen. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
30. Fraisse, Paul. (1963). The psychology of time. New York: Harper & Row.
31. Gidley, Jennifer. (2007). The evolution of consciousness as a planetary imperative: An integration of integral views. Integral Review, 5, 4-226.
32. Gilovich, Thomas. (1981, May). Seeing the past in the present: The effect of associations to familiar events on judgments and decisions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(5), 797-808.
33. Girden, Ellen R. (2001). Evaluating research articles: From start to finish (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
34. Gjesme, Torgrim. (1983, November). On the concept of future time orientation: Considerations of some functions' and measurements' implications. International Journal of Psychology, 18(5), 443-461.
35. Goldsmith, Ronald E., & Gordon R. Foxall. (2003). The measurement of innovativeness. In Larisa V. Shavinina (Ed.), The international handbook on innovation (pp.321-328). Boston, MA: Elsevier Science.
36. Habermas, Jürgen. (1972). Knowledge and human interests. London: Heinemann Educational.
37. Hair, Joseph F., Rolph E. Anderson, Ronald L. Tatham, & William C. Black. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
38. Hambrick, Donald C. (1981). Specialization of environmental scanning activities among upper level executives. Journal of Management Studies, 18(3), 299-320.
39. Hayward, Peter C. (2005). From individual to social foresight. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Swinburne University of Technology, Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship.
40. Heifetz, Ronald A., & Martin Linsky. (2002). Leadership on the line: Staying alive through the dangers of leading. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
41. Hines, Andy, & Peter Bishop. (2006). Thinking about the future: Guidelines for strategic foresight. Washington, DC: Social Technologies, LCC.
42. Hooijberg, Robert, James G. Hunt, & George E. Dodge. (1997, Special Issue). Leadership complexity and development of the Leaderplex model. Journal of Management, 23(3), 375-408.
43. Hoornaert, J. (1973). Time perspective: Theoretical and methodological considerations. Psychologica Belgica, 13(3), 265-294.
44. Inayatullah, Sohail T. (2002). Questioning the future: Futures studies, action learning and organizational transformation. Taipei, Taiwan: Tamkang University Press.
45. Isaksen, Scott G., & Dorval, K. Brian. (1993). Toward an improved understanding of creativity within people: The level-style distinction. In Scott G. Isaksen, Mary C. Murdock, Roger L. Firestien, & D.J. Treffinger (Eds.), Understanding and recognizing creativity: The emergence of a discipline (pp.299-330). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
46. Jaques, Elliot. (1964). Time-span handbook: The use of time-span of discretion to measure the level of work in employment roles and to arrange an equitable payment structure. London: Heinemann.
47. Jaques, Elliot. (1990, January-February). In praise of hierarchy. Harvard Business Review, 68(1), 127-133.
48. John, Oliver P., & Sanjay Srivastava. (1999). The big five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In Lawrence A. Pervin & Oliver P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality theory and research (2nd ed.) (pp.102-138). New York: Guilford Press.
49. Kastenbaum, R.J. (1961, October-December). The dimensions of future time perspective, an experimental analysis. Journal of General Psychology, 65, 203-218.
50. Kerlinger, Fred N., & Howard B. Lee. (2000). Foundations of behavioral research (4th ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt College.
51. Kirton, Michael J. (1980). Adaptors and innovators in organizations. Human Relations, 33(4), 213-224.
52. Kirton, Michael J. (1989). Adaptors and innovators: Styles of creativity and problem-solving. New York: Routledge.
53. Kluckhohn, Florence R., & Fred L. Strodtbeck. (1961). Variations in value orientations. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.
54. Kotter, John P. (1995). Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail. Harvard Business Review, 73(2), 59-67.
55. Lens, Willy, & M.A. Moreas. (1994). Future time perspective: An individual and a societal approach. In Z. Zaleski (Ed.), Psychology of future orientation (pp.23-38). Lublin, Poland: Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL.
56. Lewin, Kurt. (1943). Defining the 'field at a given time.' Psychological Review, 50(3), 292-310.
57. Locke, Edwin A., & Gary P. Latham. (1984). Goal setting for individuals, groups, and organizations. Chicago: Science Research Associates.
58. Lucia, Antoinette. (1998). Compass: Managerial practices profile. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.
59. Magnusson, David, & Norman S. Endler. (1977). Interactional psychology: Present status and future prospects. In D. Magnusson & N.S. Endler (Eds.), Personality at the crossroads: Current issues in interactional psychology (pp.3-31). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
60. Merton, Robert K. (1968). Social theory and social structure. New York: Free Press.
61. Miles, Raymond E., Charles C. Snow, Alan D. Meyer, & Henry J. Coleman, Jr. (1978, July). Organizational strategy, structure and process. Academy of Management Review, 3(3), 546-562.
62. Midgley, David F., & Graham R. Dowling. (1978, March). Innovativeness: The concept and its measurement. Journal of Consumer Research, 4(4), 229-242.
63. Mischel, Walter. (1977). The interaction of person and situation. In D. Magnusson & N.S. Endler (Eds.), Personality at the crossroads: Current issues in interactional psychology (pp.333-352). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
64. Mudd, Samuel. (1990, March). The place of innovativeness in models of the adoption process: An integrative review. Technovation, 10(2), 119-136.
65. Nanus, Burt. (1995). Visionary leadership: Creating a compelling sense of direction for your organization. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
66. Neisser, Ulric. (1976). Cognition and reality: Principles and implications of cognitive psychology. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman.
67. Nuttin, Joseph, & Willy Lens. (1985). Future time perspective and motivation: Theory and research method (Rev. ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
68. Patterson, Kerry. (2008). Influencer: The power to change anything. New York: McGraw-Hill.
69. Pett, Marjorie A., Nancy R. Lackey, & John J. Sullivan. (2003). Making sense of factor analysis: The use of factor analysis for instrument development in health care research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
70. Ponton, Michael K., & Paul B. Carr. (2000, 15 September). Understanding and promoting autonomy in self-directed learning. Current Research in Social Psychology, 5(19), 271-284.
71. Quinn, James B. (1978, Fall). Strategic change: 'Logical Incrementalism.' Sloan Management Review, 20(1), 7-21.
72. Quinn, Robert. E., Gretchen M. Spreitzer, & Matthew V. Brown. (2000, June). Changing others through changing ourselves: The transformation of human systems. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 147-164.
73. Ramos, José M. (2003). From critique to cultural recovery: Critical futures studies and Casual Layered Analysis. (AFI Monograph Series, Vol. 2). Hawthorn, Australia: Australian Foresight Institute.
74. Reading, Anthony. (2004). Hope & despair: How perceptions of the future shape human behavior. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
75. Rogers, Everett M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York: Free Press.
76. Scharmer, C. Otto. (2002, August). Presencing: Illuminating the blind spot of leadership (Unpublished). Retrieved March 9, 2004, from http://www.ottoscharmer.com/PresencingIntro.pdf.
77. Scharmer, C. Otto. (2007). Theory U: Leading from the emerging future. Cambridge, MA: Society for Organizational Learning.
78. Seijts, Gerald H. (1998, March). The importance of future time perspectives in theories of work motivation. Journal of Psychology, 132(2), 154-168.
79. Simpson, Peter, & Robert French. (2006, May). Negative capability and the capacity to think in the present moment: Some implications for leadership practice. Leadership, 2(2), 245-255.
80. Slaughter, Richard A. (1995). The foresight principle: Cultural recovery in the 21st century. Westport, CT: Praeger.
81. Slaughter, Richard A. (1998, November - December). Futures studies as an intellectual and applied discipline. American Behavioral Scientist, 42(3), 372-386.
82. Slaughter, Richard A. (2008, March). What difference does 'integral' make? Futures, 40(2), 120-137.
83. Sternberg, Robert J. (1998, December). A balance theory of wisdom. Review of General Psychology, 2(4), 347-365.
84. Strathman, Alan, & Jeff Joireman. (2005). Understanding behavior in the context of time: Theory, research, and application. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
85. Thoms, Peg, & Dawn Blasko. (1999, August). Preliminary validation of a Visioning Ability Scale. Psychological Reports, 85(1), 105-113.
86. Thoms, Peg, & David B. Greenberger. (1995, September). The relationship between leadership and time orientation. Journal of Management Inquiry, 4(3), 272-292.
87. Tichy, Noel M., & Mary A. Devanna. (1986). The transformational leader. New York: Wiley.
88. Torbert, William R., & S. Cook-Greuter. (2004). Action inquiry: The secret of timely and transforming leadership. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
89. Vroom, Victor H., & Philip W. Yetton. (1973). Leadership and decision-making. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
90. Weick, Karl E. (1979). The social psychology of organizing (2nd ed.). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
91. Yammarino, Francis J., & Fred Dansereau. (2007). Multi-level issues in organizations and time. (Vol. 6). (Research in multi-level issues). Oxford, England: Elsevier Science.
92. Yukl, Gary A. (1999, March). An evaluative essay on current conceptions of effective leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 33-48.
93. Yukl, Gary A., & R. Lepsinger. (2004). Flexible leadership: Creating value by balancing multiple challenges and choices. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
94. Yukl, Gary A., S. Wall, & R. Lepsinger. (1990). Preliminary report on validation of the Managerial Practices Survey. In K.E. Clark & M.B. Clark (Eds.), Measures of Leadership (pp. 223-237). Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.
95. Zimbardo, Philip G., & John N. Boyd. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1271-1288.