Do the HIV-1 subtypes circulating in Italy resemble the Red Queen running in Carroll's novel?

New Microbiologica

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 179-181

  Ciccozzi, Massimo ^a   Bon, Isabella ^b   Ciotti, Marco ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^b TOR VERGATA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^c ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ   (Italy)

Author keywords

HIV; Italy; Subtypes

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLASSIFICATION; EPIDEMIC; GENETICS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; ITALY; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MUTATION; VIROLOGY;

DISEASE OUTBREAKS; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; ITALY; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MUTATION;

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1;

EID: 77952739619     PISSN: 11217138     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. AMENDOLA A., BORDI L., ANGELETTI C., VISCO-COMANDINI U., ABBATE I., CAPPIELLO G., BUDABBUS MA., ELIHAWI O.A., MEHABRESH M.I., GIRARDI E., ANTINORI A., IPPOLITO G., CAPOBIANCHI M.R. (2002). Underevaluation of HIV-1 plasma viral load by a commercially available assay in a cluster of patients infected with HIV-1 A/G circulating recombinant form (CRF02). J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 31 (5), 488-492.
2. BALDANTI F., PAOLUCCI S., RAVASI G., MACCABRUNI A., MORIGGIA A., BARBARINI G., MASERATI R. (2008). Changes in circulation of B and non-B HIV strains: spotlight on a reference centre for infectious diseases in Northern Italy. J. Med. Virol. 80 (6), 947-952.
3. BALOTTA C., FACCHI G., VIOLIN M., VAN DOOREN S., COZZILEPRI A., FORBICI F., BERTOLI A., RIVA C., SENESE D., CARAMELLO P., CARNEVALE G., RIZZARDINI G., CREMONINI L., MONNO L., REZZA G., PERNO C.F., IPPOLITO G., D'ARMINIO-MONFORTE A., VANDAMME A.M., MORONI M. (2001). ICONA Study Group. Increasing prevalence of non-clade B HIV-1 strains heterosexual men and women, as monitored by analysis of reverse transcriptase and protease sequences. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 27 (5), 499-505.
4. BRACCIALE L., COLAFIGLI M., ZAZZI M., CORSI P., MERAVIGLIA P., MICHELI V., MASERATI R., GIANOTTI N., PENCO G., SETTI M., DI GIAMBENEDETTO S., BUTINI L., VIVARELLI A.,TREZZI M., DE LUCA A. (2009). Prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in HIV-1-infected patients in Italy: evolution over 12 years and predictors. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 64 (3), 607-615 Epub 2009 Jul 16.
5. BUONAGURO L., TAGLIAMONTE M., TORNESELLO M.L., PILOTTI E., CASOLI C., LAZZARIN A., TAMBUSSI G., CICCOZZI M., REZZA G., BUONAGURO F.M. (2004). Italian Concerted Action on PHI Treatment. Screening of HIV-1 isolates by reverse heteroduplex mobility assay and identification of non-B subtypes in Italy. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 37 (2), 1295-1306
6. BUONAGURO L., TAGLIAMONTE M., TORNESELLO M.L., BUONAGURO F.M. (2005). Evaluation of a modified version of Heteroduplex Mobility Assay for rapid screening of HIV-1 isolates in epidemics characterized by mono/dual clade predominance. J. Virol. Methods. 124 (1-2), 123-134 Epub 2005 Jan 8.
7. BUONAGURO L., TAGLIAMONTE M., TORNESELLO M., BUONAGURO F.M. (2007). Evolution of the HIV-1 V3 region in the Italian epidemic. New Microbiol. 30 (1) 1-11.
8. BUONAGURO L., TAGLIAMONTE M., TORNESELLO M.L., BUONAGURO EM. (2007). Genetic and phylogenetic evolution of HIV-1 in a low subtype heterogeneity epidemic: the Italian example. Retrovirology. 4, 34.
9. BUONAGURO L., PETRIZZO A., TAGLIAMONTE M., VITONE E, RE M.C., PILOTTI E., CASOLI C., SBREGLIA C., PERRELLA O., TORNESELLO M.L., BUONAGURO F.M. (2008). Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of HIV1 variants circulating in Italy. Infect. Agent Cancer. 3, 3-13.
10. CARROLL L. (1872). Through the looking glass and what Alice found there. Macmillan, London.
11. CICCOZZI M., MONTIERI S., SALEMI M., DE OLIVEIRA T., DORRUCCI M., SINICCO A., DE LUCA A., GIULIANI M., BALOTTA C., REZZA G. (2007). An outbreak of HIV-1 subtype G among Italian injecting drug users. AIDS. 21 (9), 1213-1215.
12. GIULIANI M., MONTIERI S., PALAMARA G., LATINI A., ALTERI C., PERNO C.F. SANTORO M.M., REZZA G., CICCOZZI M. (2009). Non-B HIV type 1 subtypes among men who have sex with men in Rome, Italy. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 25 (2), 157-164.
13. LONGO B., NOVATI S., MONTIERI S., PONTALI E., TAGLIA F., LEO G., BABUDIERI S., STARNINI G., MONARCA R., SULIGOI B., REZZA G., CICCOZZI M. (2008). Italian Study Group on HIV in Prison. HIV-1 diversity among inmates of Italian prisons. J. Med. Virol. 80 (10), 1689-1694.
14. MONNO L., BRINDICCI G., Lo CAPUTO S., PUNZI G., SCARABAGGIO T., RIVA C., DI BARI C., PIEROTTI P., SARACINO A., LAGIOIA A., MAZZOTTA F., BALOTTA C., ANGARANO G. (2005). HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) from HIV-infected patients residing in two regions of central and southern Italy. J. Med. Virol. 75 (4), 483-490.
15. MONNO L., SCUDELLER L., BRINDICCI G., SARACINO A., PUNZI G., CHIRIANNI A., LAGIOIA A., LADISA N., LO CAPUTO S., ANGARANO G. (2009). Genotypic analysis of the protease and reverse transcriptase of non-B HIV type 1 clinical isolates from naïve and treated subjects. Antiviral. Res. 83 (2), 118-126.
16. NICASTRI E., SARMATI L., D'ETTORRE G., PARISI S.G., PALMISANO L., MONTANO M., BUONOMINI A.R., GALLUZZO C., VULLO V., CONCIA E., VELLA S., ANDREONI M. (2004). Non-B HIV type 1 subtypes: replicative capacity and response to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 20 (8), 816-818.
17. RAZZOLINI F., VICENTI I., SALADINI F., MICHELI V., ROMANO L., CARGNEL A., ZAZZI M. (2007). Natural variability in the HR-1 and HR-2 domains of HIV type 1 gp41 from different clades circulating in Italy. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 23 (4), 558-563.
18. ROMANO L., VENTURI G., FERRUZZI R., RICCIO M.L., CORSI P., LEONCINI F., VINATTIERI A., INCANDELA L., VALENSIN P.E., ZAZZI M. (2000). Detection of genotypically drug-resistant HIV-1 variants and non-B subtypes in recently infected antiretroviral-naive adults in Italy. AIDS. 14 (14), 2204-2206.
19. SULIGOI B., BOROS S., CAMONI L., LEPORE D. Aggiornamento delle nuove diagnosi di infezione da HIV al 31 dicembre 2007 e dei casi di AIDS in Italia al 31 dicembre 2008. Notiziario ISS 2009, 22 (3), 3-27.
20. TAGLIAMONTE M., VIDAL N., TORNESELLO M.L., PEETERS M., BUONAGURO F.M., BUONAGURO L. (2006). Genetic and phylogenetic characterization of structural genes from non-B HIV-1 subtypes in Italy. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 10, 1045-1051.
21. TRAMUTO F., VITALE F., BONURA F., ROMANO N. (2004). Group for HIV-1 Antiretroviral Studies in Sicily. Detection of HIV type 1 non-B subtypes in Sicily, Italy. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses. 20 (2), 251-254.
22. VISCO-COMANDINI U., ALEMAN S., YUN Z., SÖNNERBORG A. (2001). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variability and long-term non-progression. j. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents. 15 (3), 299-303.
23. VISCO-COMANDINI U., BALOTTA C. (2003). Genotypic resistance tests for the management of the HIV-infected patient with non-B viral isolates. Scand J. Infect. Dis. (Suppl.) 106, 75-78. Review.