Risky choice in pigeons and humans: A cross-species comparison

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Volumn 93, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 27-44

  Lagorio, Carla H ^a   Hackenberg, Timothy D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Adjusting delay procedures; Adult humans; Cross species comparisons; Key peck; Keyboard response; Pigeons; Reinforcer delay; Risky choice; Token reinforcement

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DECISION MAKING; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; MALE; PIGEONS AND DOVES; REINFORCEMENT; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; TIME;

ANIMALS; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; COLUMBIDAE; HUMANS; MALE; REINFORCEMENT (PSYCHOLOGY); REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE; RISK-TAKING; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 77952722422     PISSN: 00225002     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1901/jeab.2010.93-27     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Bateson, M., & Kacelnik, A. (1995). Preferences for fixed and variable food sources: Variability in amount and delay. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 63, 313-329.
2. Bateson, M., & Kacelnik, A. (1997). Starlings' preferences for predictable and unpredictable delays to food. Animal Behavior, 53, 1129-1142.
3. Bullock, C. E., & Hackenberg, T. D. (2006). Second-order schedules of token reinforcement with pigeons: Implications for unit price. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 85, 95-106.
4. Case, D. A., Nichols, P., & Fantino, E. (1995). Pigeons' preference for variable-interval water reinforcement under widely varied water budgets. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 64, 299-311.
5. Cicerone, R. A. (1976). Preference for mixed versus constant delay of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 25, 257-261.
6. Davison, M. C. (1969). Preference for mixed-interval versus fixed-interval schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 12, 247-252.
7. Davison, M. C. (1972). Preference for mixed-interval versus fixed-interval schedules: Number of component intervals. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 17, 169-176.
8. Fantino, E. (1967). Preference for mixed-versus fixed-ratio schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 10, 35-43.
9. Forzano, L. B., & Logue, A. W. (1994). Self-control in adult humans: Comparison of qualitatively different reinforcers. Learning and Motivation, 25, 65-82.
10. Frankel, P. W., & vom Saal, W. (1976). Preference between fixed-interval and variable-interval schedules of reinforcement: Separate roles of temporal scaling and predictability. Animal Learning and Behavior, 4, 71-76.
11. Gibbon, J., Church, R. M., Fairhurst, S., & Kacelnik, A. (1988). Scalar expectancy theory and choice between delayed rewards. Psychological Review, 95, 102-114.
12. Hackenberg, T. D. (2009). Token reinforcement: A review and analysis. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 91, 257-286.
13. Hackenberg, T. D., & Pietras, C. J. (2000). Video access as a reinforcer in a self-control paradigm: A method and some data. Experimental Analysis of Human Behavior Bulletin, 18, 1-5.
14. Herrnstein, R. J. (1964). Aperiodicity as a factor in choice. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 7, 179-182.
15. Hursh, S. R., & Fantino, E. (1973). Relative delay of reinforcement and choice. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 19, 437-450.
16. Hyten, C., Madden, G. J., & Field, D. P. (1994). Exchange delays and impulsive choice in adult humans. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 62, 225-233.
17. Jackson, K., & Hackenberg, T. D. (1996). Token reinforcement, choice, and self-control in pigeons. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 66, 29-49.
18. Kacelnik, A., & Bateson, M. (1996). Risk theories-the effects of variance on foraging decisions. American Zoologist, 36, 402-434.
19. Kendall, S. B. (1989). Risk-taking behavior of pigeons in a closed economy. Psychological Record, 39, 211-220.
20. Killeen, P. (1968). On the measurement of reinforcement frequency in the study of preference. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11, 263-269.
21. Kohn, A., Kohn, W. K., & Staddon, J. E. R. (1992). Preferences for constant duration delays and constant sized rewards in human subjects. Behavioural Processes, 26, 125-142.
22. Lagorio, C. H., & Madden, G. J. (2005). Delay discounting of real and hypothetical rewards III: Steady-state assessments, forced-choice trials, and all real rewards. Behavioural Processes, 69, 173-187.
23. Locey, M. L., Pietras, C. J., & Hackenberg, T. D. (2009). Human risky choice: Delay sensitivity depends on reinforcer type. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 35, 15-22.
24. Logan, F. A. (1965). Decision making by rats: Uncertain outcome choices. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 59, 246-251.
25. Mazur, J. E. (1984). Tests of an equivalence rule for fixed and variable reinforcer delays. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 10, 426-436.
26. Mazur, J. E. (1986a). Choice between single and multiple delayed reinforcers. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 46, 67-77.
27. Mazur, J. E. (1986b). Fixed and variable ratios and delays: Further tests of an equivalence rule. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 12, 116-124.
28. Mazur, J. E. (1987). An adjusting procedure for studying delayed reinforcement. In M. L. Commons, J. E. Mazur, J. A. Nevin, & H. Rachlin (Eds.), Quantitative analyses of behavior, Vol. 5. Effects of delay and intervening events on reinforcement value (pp. 55-73). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
29. Mazur, J. E. (1988). Estimation of indifference points with an adjusting delay procedure. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 49, 37-47.
30. Mazur, J. E. (1989). Theories of probabilistic reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51, 87-99.
31. Mazur, J. E. (2004). Risky choice: Selecting between certain and uncertain outcomes. Behavior Analyst Today, 5, 190-203.
32. Mazur, J. E. (2006). Mathematical models and the experimental analysis of behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 85, 275-291.
33. Mazur, J. E. (2007). Rats' choices between one and two delayed reinforcers. Learning and Behavior, 35, 169-176.
34. Millar, A., & Navarick, D. J. (1984). Self-control and choice in humans: effects of video game playing as a positive reinforcer. Learning and Motivation, 15, 203-218.
35. Myerson, J., & Green, L. (1995). Discounting of delayed rewards: Models of individual choice. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 64, 263-276.
36. Navarick, D. J. (1996). Choice in humans: Techniques for enhancing sensitivity to reinforcement immediacy. The Psychological Record, 46, 539-554.
37. Navarick, D. J. (1998). Impulsive choice in adults: How consistent are individual differences? The Psychological Record, 48, 665-674.
38. Navarick, D. J., & Fantino, E. (1975). Stochastic transitivity and the unidemensional control of choice. Learning and Motivation, 6, 179-201.
39. O'Daly, M., Case, D. A., & Fantino, E. (2006). Influence of budget and reinforcement location on risk-sensitive preference. Behavioural Processes, 73, 125-135.
40. Orduna, V., & Bouzas, A. (2004). Energy budget versus temporal discounting as determinants of preference in risky choice. Behavioural Processes, 67, 147-156.
41. Petry, N. M., & Casarella, T. (1999). Excessive discounting of delayed rewards in substance abusers with gambling problems. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 56, 25-32.
42. Rider, D. (1983). Preference for mixed versus constant delays of reinforcement: Effect of probability of the short, mixed delay. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 39, 257-266.
43. Rodriguez, M. L., & Logue, A. W. (1988). Adjusting delay to reinforcement: Comparing choice in pigeons and humans. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 14, 105-117.
44. Sherman, J. A., & Thomas, J. R. (1968). Some factors controlling preference between fixed-ratio and variable-ratio schedules of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11, 689-702.
45. Webbe, F. M., & Malagodi, E. F. (1978). Second-order schedules of token reinforcement: Comparisons of performance under fixed-ratio and variable-ratio exchange schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 30, 219-224.
46. Weiner, H. (1966). Preference and switching under ratio contingencies with humans. Psychological Reports, 18, 239-246.
47. Zabludoff, S. D., Wecker, J., & Caraco, T. (1988). Foraging choice in laboratory rats: Constant vs. variable delay. Behavioural Processes, 16, 95-110.