The function and determinants of reconciliation in Pan troglodytes

International Journal of Primatology

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 39-57

  Fraser, Orlaith N ^a,b   Stahl, Daniel ^c   Aureli, Filippo ^a  

^a LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b Faculty of Life Sciences   (Austria)

^c KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Behavior; Chimpanzee; Postconflict; Reconciliation

Indexed keywords

AGGRESSION; HOMINID; MITIGATION; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

PAN; PAN TROGLODYTES; PRIMATES;

EID: 77952670850     PISSN: 01640291     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10764-009-9377-7     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Arnold, K., & Aureli, F. (2007). Postconflict reconciliation. In C. J. Campbell, A. Fuentes, K. C. MacKinnon, M. Panger, & S. K. Bearder (Eds.), Primates in perspective (pp. 592-608). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2. Arnold, K., & Whiten, A. (2001). Post-conflict behaviour of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Budongo forest, Uganda. Behaviour, 138, 649-690.
3. Aureli, F. (1997). Post-conflict anxiety in nonhuman primates: the mediating role of emotion in conflict resolution. Aggressive Behavior, 23, 315-328.
4. Aureli, F., & Schino, G. (2004). The role of emotions in social relationships. In B. Thierry, M. Singh, & W. Kaumanns (Eds.), Macaque societies: A model for the study of social organization (pp. 38-60). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
5. Aureli, F., & Smucny, D. (2000). The role of emotion in conflict and conflict resolution. In F. Aureli, & F. B. M. de Waal (Eds.), Natural conflict resolution (pp. 199-224). Berkeley: University of California Press.
6. Aureli, F., & van Schaik, C. P. (1991). Post-conflict behaviour in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis): II. Coping with uncertainty. Ethology, 89, 101-114.
7. Aureli, F., van Schaik, C. P., & van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. (1989). Functional aspects of reconciliation among captive long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). American Journal of Primatology, 19, 39-51.
8. Aureli, F., Cords, M., & van Schaik, C. P. (2002). Conflict resolution following aggression in gregarious animals: a predictive framework. Animal Behaviour, 64, 325-343.
9. Bates, D., & Sarkar, D. (2007). lme4: Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using S4 Classes. Version R package version 0. 9975-13.
10. Brown, H., & Prescott, R. (1999). Applied mixed models in medicine. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
11. Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (2002). Model selection and multimodel inference: A practical information-theoretic approach (2nd ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag.
12. Call, J., Aureli, F., & de Waal, F. B. M. (1999). Reconciliation patterns among stumptailed macaques: a multivariate approach. Animal Behaviour, 58, 165-172.
13. Castles, D. L., & Whiten, A. (1998). Post-conflict behaviour of wild olive baboons II: stress & self-directed behaviour. Ethology, 104, 148-160.
14. Castles, D. L., Aureli, F., & de Waal, F. B. M. (1996). Variation in conciliatory tendency and relationship quality across groups of pigtail macaques. Animal Behaviour, 52, 389-403.
15. Colmenares, F. (2006). Is postconflict affiliation in captive nonhuman primates an artifact of captivity? International Journal of Primatology, 27, 1311-1335.
16. Cooper, M. A., Bernstein, I. S., & Hemelrijk, C. K. (2005). Reconciliation and relationship quality in Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis). American Journal of Primatology, 65, 269-282.
17. Cooper, M., Aureli, F., & Singh, M. (2007). Sex differences in reconciliation and post-conflict anxiety in bonnet macaques. Ethology, 113, 26-38.
18. Cords, M. (1992). Post-conflict reunions and reconciliation in long-tailed macaques. Animal Behaviour, 44, 57-61.
19. Cords, M., & Aureli, F. (1993). Patterns of reconcilaition among juvenile long-tailed macaques. In M. E. Pereira & L. A. Fairbanks (Eds.), Juvenile primates: Life history, development and behavior (pp. 271-284). New York: Oxford University Press.
20. Cords, M., & Aureli, F. (2000). Reconciliation and relationship qualities. In F. Aureli & F. B. M. de Waal (Eds.), Natural conflict resolution (pp. 177-198). Berkeley: University of California Press.
21. Crawley, M. J. (2007). The R book. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
22. de Waal, F. B. M. (1982). Chimpanzee politics. London: Jonathon Cape.
23. de Waal, F. B. M. (1986). The integration of dominance and social bonding in primates. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 61, 459-479.
24. de Waal, F. B. M. (2000). Primates - a natural heritage of conflict resolution. Science, 289, 586-590.
25. de Waal, F. B. M., & Aureli, F. (1996). Consolation, reconciliation and a possible cognitive difference between macaques and chimpanzees. In A. E. Russon, K. A. Bard, & S. T. Parker (Eds.), Reaching into thought: The minds of great apes (pp. 80-110). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
26. de Waal, F. B. M., & Aureli, F. (1997). Conflict resolution and distress alleviation in monkeys and apes. In C. S. Carter, B. Kirkpatrick, & I. Lenderhendler (Eds.), The integrative neurobiology of affiliation (pp. 317-328). New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
27. de Waal, F. B. M., & van Roosmalen, A. (1979). Reconciliation and consolation among chimpanzees. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 5, 55-66.
28. de Waal, F. B. M., & Yoshihara, D. (1983). Reconciliation and redirected affection in rhesus monkeys. Behaviour, 85, 224-241.
29. Fraser, O. N., & Aureli, F. (2008). Reconciliation, consolation and postconflict behavioral specificity in chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology, 70, 1-10.
30. Fraser, O. N., Schino, G., & Aureli, F. (2008a). Components of relationship quality in chimpanzees. Ethology, 114, 834-843.
31. Fraser, O. N., Stahl, D., & Aureli, F. (2008b). Stress reduction through consolation in chimpanzees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 8557-8562.
32. Fuentes, A., Malone, N., Sanz, C., Matheson, M. & Vaughan, L. (2002). Conflict and post-conflict behaviour in a small group of chimpanzees. Primates, 43, 223-235.
33. Goodall, J. (1986). The chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of behaviour. Cambridge, MA.: Belknap Press.
34. Kappeler, P., & van Schaik, C. P. (1992). Methodological and evolutionary aspects of reonciliation among primates. Ethology, 92, 51-69.
35. Koski, S. E., & Sterck, E. H. M. (2007). Triadic postconflict affiliation in captive chimpanzees: does consolation console? Animal Behaviour, 73, 133-142.
36. Koski, S. E., de Vries, H., van den Tweel, S. W., & Sterck, E. H. M. (2007a). What to do after a fight? The determinants and inter-dependency of post-conflict interactions in chimpanzees. Behaviour, 144, 529-555.
37. Koski, S. E., Koops, K., & Sterck, E. H. M. (2007b). Reconciliation, relationship quality, and postconflict anxiety: testing the integrated hypothesis in captive chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology, 69, 158-172.
38. Koyama, N. F. (2001). The long-term effects of reconciliation in Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata. Ethology, 107, 975-987.
39. Kutsukake, N., & Castles, D. L. (2001). Reconciliation and variation in post-conflict stress in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata): Testing the integrated hypothesis. Animal Cognition, 4, 259-268.
40. Kutsukake, N., & Castles, D. L. (2004). Reconciliation and post-conflict third-party affiliation among wild chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Primates, 45, 157-165.
41. Maestripieri, D., Schino, G., Aureli, F., & Troisi, A. (1992). A modest proposal - displacement activities as an indicator of emotions in primates. Animal Behaviour, 44, 967-979.
42. Majolo, B., Ventura, R., & Koyama, N. F. (2005). Postconflict behaviour among male Japanese macaques. International Journal of Primatology, 26, 321-336.
43. Palagi, E., Paoli, T., & Borgognini Tarli, S. M. (2004). Reconciliation and consolation in captive bonobos (Pan paniscus). American Journal of Primatology, 62, 15-30.
44. Palagi, E., Cordoni, G., & Borgognini Tarli, S. (2006). Possible roles of consolation in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 129, 105-111.
45. Preuschoft, S., Wang, X., Aureli, F., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2002). Reconciliation in captive chimpanzees: a reevaluation with controlled methods. International Journal of Primatology, 23, 29-50.
46. R Development Core Team. (2006). R: A language for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
47. Sapolsky, R. M. (2004). Social status and health in humans and other animals. Annual Review of Anthropology, 33, 393-418.
48. Schaffner, C. M., Aureli, F., & Caine, N. G. (2005). Following the rules: why small groups of tamarins do not reconcile conflicts. Folia Primatologica, 76, 67-76.
49. Schino, G., Perretta, G., Taglioni, A., Monaco, V., & Troisi, A. (1996). Primate displacement activities as an ethopharmacological model of anxiety. Anxiety, 2, 186-191.
50. Schino, G., Rosati, L., & Aureli, F. (1998). Intragroup variation in conciliatory tendencies in captive Japanese macaques. Behaviour, 135, 897-912.
51. Silk, J., Cheney, D., & Seyfarth, R. (1996). The form and function of post-conflict interactions between female baboons. Animal Behaviour, 52, 259-268.
52. Troisi, A. (2002). Displacement activities as a behavioural measure of stress in nonhuman primates and human subjects. Stress, 5, 47-54.
53. van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. (1974). A structural analysis of the social behaviour of a semi-captive group of chimpanzees. In M. von Cranach & I. Vine (Eds.), Social communication and movement (pp. 75-162). London: Academic Press.
54. Watts, D. P. (1995). Post-conflict social events in wild mountain gorillas. II. Redirection, side-direction and consolation. Ethology, 100, 158-174.
55. Watts, D. P. (2006). Conflict resolution in chimpanzees and the valuable-relationships hypothesis. International Journal of Primatology, 27, 1337-1364.
56. Watts, D. P., Colmenares, F., & Arnold, K. (2000). Redirection, consolation and male policing: How targets of aggression interact with bystanders. In F. Aureli & F. B. M. de Waal (Eds.), Natural conflict resolution (pp. 281-301). Berkeley: University of California Press.
57. Weaver, A., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2003). The mother-offspring relationship as a template in social development: reconciliation in captive brown capuchins (Cebus apella). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 117, 101-110.
58. Wittig, R. M., & Boesch, C. (2003a). The choice of post-conflict interactions in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Behaviour, 140, 1527-1559.
59. Wittig, R. M., & Boesch, C. (2003b). 'Decision-making' in conflicts of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): an extension of the relational model. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 54, 491-504.
60. Wittig, R. M., & Boesch, C. (2005). How to repair relationships - reconciliation in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Ethology, 111, 736-763.
61. Wittig, R. M., Crockford, C., Wilkberg, E., Seyfarth, R. M., & Cheyney, D. L. (2007). Kin-mediated reconciliation substitutes for direct reconciliation in female baboons. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274, 1109-1115.