The Mother-Offspring Relationship as a Template in Social Development: Reconciliation in Captive Brown Capuchins (Cebus apella)

Journal of Comparative Psychology

Volumn 117, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 101-110

  Weaver, Ann ^a   De Waal, Frans B M ^a  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; CEBIDAE; CONFLICT; FEMALE; MALE; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR; NONPARAMETRIC TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; PILOT STUDY; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; CEBUS; CONFLICT (PSYCHOLOGY); FEMALE; MALE; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR; PILOT PROJECTS; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC;

EID: 0041851062     PISSN: 07357036     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0735-7036.117.1.101     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
2. Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behaviour: Sampling methods. Behaviour, 49, 227-267.
3. Altmann, J. (1980). Baboon mothers and infants. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4. Aureli, F. (1997). Post-conflict anxiety in nonhuman primates: The mediating role of emotion in conflict resolution. Aggressive Behaviour, 23, 315-328.
5. Aureli, F., Das, M., & Veenema, H. C. (1997). Differential kinship effect on reconciliation in three species of macaques. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 111, 91-99.
6. Aureli, F., Das, M., Verleur, D., & van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. (1994). Postconflict social interactions among Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). International Journal of Primatology, 15, 471-485.
7. Aureli, F., & de Waal, F. (Eds.). (2000). Natural conflict resolution. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
8. Aureli, F., & Smucny, D. (2000). The role of emotion in conflict and conflict resolution. In F. Aureli & F. de Waal (Eds.), Natural conflict resolution (pp. 199-224). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
9. Aureli, F., & van Schaik, C. P. (1991). Post-conflict behaviour in long-tailed macaques: II. Coping with the uncertainty. Ethology, 89, 101-144.
10. Aureli, F., van Schaik, C. P., & van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. (1989). Functional aspects of reconciliation among captive long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). American Journal of Primatology, 19, 39-52.
11. Barrett, L., Dunbar, R. I. M., & Dunbar, P. (1995). Mother-infant contact as contingent behaviour in gelada baboons. Animal Behaviour, 49, 805-810.
12. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss (Vol. 1). New York: Basic Books.
13. Bretherton, I. (1985). Attachment theory: Retrospect and prospect. Monograph of the Society for Research on Child Development, 50(1-2, Serial 209).
14. Byrne, G., & Suomi, S. J. (1995). Development of activity patterns, social interactions, and exploratory behavior in infant brown capuchins (Cebus apella). American Journal of Primatology, 35, 255-270.
15. Call, J., Aureli, F., & de Waal, F. B. M. (1999). Reconciliation patterns among stump-tailed macaques: A multivariate approach. Animal Behaviour, 58, 165-172.
16. Cheney, D. L., & Seyfarth, R. M. (2000). Vocal reconciliation by free-ranging baboons. In F. Aureli & F. de Waal (Eds.), Natural conflict resolution (pp. 208-210). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
17. Clarke, A. S. (1993). Social rearing effects on HPA axis activity over early development and in response to stress in young rhesus monkeys. Developmental Psychobiology, 26, 433-447.
18. Coe, C. L., Wiener, S. O., Rosenberg, L. T., & Levine, S. (1985). Endocrine and immune responses to separation and maternal loss in nonhuman primates. In M. Reite & T. Field (Eds.), The psychobiology of attachment and separation (pp. 163-197). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
19. Cords, M. (1988). Resolution of aggressive conflicts by immature longtailed macaques, Macaca fascicularis. Animal Behaviour, 36, 1124-1135.
20. Cords, M. (1992). Post-conflict reunions and reconciliation in long-tailed macaques. Animal Behaviour, 44, 57-61.
21. Cords, M., & Aureli, F. (1993). Coping with aggression by juvenile long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). In M. E. Pereira & L. A. Fairbanks (Eds.), Juvenile primates: Life history, development, and behaviour (pp. 271-284). Cambridge, England: Oxford University Press.
22. Cords, M., & Aureli, F. (2000). Reconciliation and relationship qualities. In F. Aureli & F. de Waal (Eds.), Natural conflict resolution (pp. 177-198). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
23. Das, M., Penke, Z., & van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. (1997). Affiliation between aggressors and third parties following conflicts in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). International Journal of Primatology, 18, 159-181.
24. de Waal, F. B. M. (1993). Reconciliation among primates: A review of empirical evidence and unresolved issues. In W. A. Mason & S. P. Mendoza (Eds.), Primate social conflict (pp. 111-144). New York: State University of New York Press.
25. de Waal, F. B. M. (2000). The first kiss. Foundations of conflict resolution research in animals. In F. Aureli & F. de Waal (Eds.), Natural conflict resolution (pp. 15-33). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
26. de Waal, F. B. M., & Aureli, F. (1997). Conflict resolution and distress alleviation in monkeys and apes. In C. S. Carter, I. I. Lenderhendler, & B. Kirkpatrick (Eds.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Vol. 807. The integrative neurobiology of affiliation (pp. 317-328). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
27. de Waal, F. B. M., & van Roosmalen, A. (1979). Reconciliation and consolation among chimpanzees. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 5, 55-66.
28. de Waal, F. B. M., & Yoshihara, D. (1983). Reconciliation and redirected aggression in rhesus monkeys. Behaviour, 85, 224-241.
29. Field, T. (1984). Early interactions between infants and their postpartum depressed mothers. Infant Behavior and Development, 7, 527-532.
30. Field, T. (1985). Attachment as psychobiological attunement. In M. Reite & T. Field (Eds.), The psychobiology of attachment and separation (pp. 415-450). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
31. Field, T. (1987). Affective and interactive disturbances in infants. In J. D. Osofsky (Ed.), Handbook of infant development (Vol. 2, pp. 972-1005). New York: Wiley.
32. Fragaszy, D. M., Baer, J., & Adams-Curtis, L. (1991). Behavioral development and maternal care in brown capuchins (Cebus apella) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) from birth through seven months. Developmental Psychobiology, 24, 375-393.
33. Gottlieb, G. (1983). The psychobiological approach to developmental issues. In P. H. Musson (Series Ed.) & M. M. Haith & J. J. Campos (Vol. Eds.), Handbook of child psychiatry: Vol. 2. Infancy and developmental psychobiology (4th ed., pp. 1-26). New York: Wiley.
34. Grossmann, K. E., & Grossmann, K. (1990). Attachment quality as an organizer of emotional and behavioral response. In C. M. Parkes, P. Marris, & J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds.), Attachment across the life cycle (pp. 93-114). New York: Routledge.
35. Harlow, H. F., & Harlow, M. K. (1969). Effects of various mother-infant relationships on rhesus monkey behaviors. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), Determinants of infant behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 15-40). London: Methuen.
36. Harlow, H. F., & Zimmerman, R. (1958). The development of affectional responses in infant monkeys. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 102, 501-509.
37. Hebb, D. (1949). The organization of behavior. New York: Wiley.
38. Hofer, M. A. (1984). Relationships as regulators: A psychobiologic perspective on bereavement. Psychosomatic Medicine, 4, 183-197.
39. Hofer, M. A. (1987). Early social relationships: A psychobiologist's view. Child Development, 58, 633-647.
40. Insel, T. R., Scanlan, J., Champoux, M., & Suomi, S. J. (1988). Rearing paradigm in a nonhuman primate affects response to β-CCE challenge. Psychopharmacology, 96, 81-86.
41. Kappeler, P. M., & van Schaik, C. P. (1992). Methodological and evolutionary aspects of reconciliation among primates. Ethology, 92, 51-69.
42. Kraemer, G. W. (1985). Effects of differences in early social experience on primate neurobiological-behavioral development. In M. Reite & T. Field (Eds.), The psychobiology of attachment and separation (pp. 135-161). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
43. Kraemer, G. W. (1992). A psychobiological theory of attachment. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 15, 493-541.
44. Kraemer, G. W., Ebert, M. H., Schmidt, D. E., & McKinney, W. T. (1991). Strangers in a strange land: A psychobiological study of infant monkeys before and after separation from real or inanimate mothers. Child Development, 62, 548-566.
45. Lehner, P. N. (1979). Handbook of ethological methods. New York: Garland STPM Press.
46. Levine, S. (1983). A psychobiological approach to the ontogeny of coping. In N. Garmezy & M. Rutter (Eds.), Stress coping and development in children (pp. 107-131). New York: McGraw-Hill.
47. Levine, S., & Wiener, S. G. (1988). Psychoendocrine aspects of mother-infant relationships in nonhuman primates [Special issue: Psychoneuroendocrine aspects of maternal behavior]. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 13, 143-154.
48. Maestripieri, D., Schino, G., Aureli, F., & Troisi, A. (1992). A modest proposal: Displacement activities as an indicator of emotions in primates. Animal Behaviour, 44, 967-979.
49. Main, M., & Weston, D. R. (1981). The quality of the toddler's relationship to mother and to father: Related to conflict behavior and the readiness to establish new relationships. Child Development, 52, 932-940.
50. Martin, P., & Bateson, P. (1986). Measuring behavior. London: Cambridge University Press.
51. Mason, W. A. (1965). The social development of monkeys and apes. In I. DeVore (Ed.), Primate behavior. Field studies of monkeys and apes (pp. 514-543). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
52. McKenna, J. J. (1990a). Evolution and the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Part I: Infant responsivity to parental contact. Human Nature, 1, 145-177.
53. McKenna, J. J. (1990b). Evolution and the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Part II: Why human infants? Human Nature, 1, 179-206.
54. McKenna, J. J. (1990c). Evolution and the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Part III: Infant arousal and parent-infant co-sleeping. Human Nature, 1, 291-330.
55. Nowak, R. M. (1999). Walker's mammals of the world (6th ed., Vol. 1). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
56. Reite, M., & Field, T. (Eds.). (1985). The psychobiology of attachment and separation. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
57. Rosenblum, L. A., & Paully, G. S. (1984). The effects of varying environmental demands on maternal and infant behavior. Child Development, 55, 305-314.
58. Sander, L. W., Stechler, G., Burns, P., & Julia, H. (1970). Early mother-infant interaction and 24-hour patterns of activity and sleep. Journal of American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 9, 103-123.
59. Siegel, S., & Castellan, N. J. (1988). Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill.
60. Silk, J. B. (1996). Why do primates reconcile? Evolutionary Anthropology, 5, 39-42.
61. Spangler, G., Schieche, M., Ilg, U., Maier, U., & Ackermann, C. (1994). Maternal sensitivity as an external organizer for biobehavioral regulation in infancy. Developmental Psychobiology, 27, 425-437.
62. Sroufe, L. A., & Fleeson, J. (1986). Attachment and the construction of relationships. In W. W. Hartup & Z. Rubin (Eds.), Relationships and development (pp. 51-71). London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
63. Suomi, S. (1982). Abnormal behavior and primate models of psychopathology. In J. Fobes & J. King (Eds.), Primate behavior (pp. 221-235). New York: Academic Press.
64. Thierry, B., Steru, L., Chermat, R., & Simon, P. (1984). Searching-waiting strategy: A candidate for an evolutionary model of depression. Behavior and Neural Biology, 41, 180-189.
65. Veenema, H. C., Das, M., & Aureli, F. (1994). Methodological improvements for the study of reconciliation. Behavioral Processes, 31, 29-38.
66. Verbeek, P., & de Waal, F. B. M. (1997). Postconflict behavior in captive brown capuchins in the presence and absence of attractive food. International Journal of Primatology, 18, 703-725.
67. Watts, D. P. (1995). Post-conflict social events in wild mountain gorillas (Mammalia, Hominoidea): I. Social interaction between opponents. Ethology, 100, 139-157.
68. Weaver, A. (1999). The role of attachment in the development of reconciliation (Doctoral dissertation, Emory University, 1999). Dissertation Abstracts International, 60, 2.
69. Weaver, A., & de Waal, F. (2001). Third-party contacts between mothers and offspring following juvenile conflicts in brown capuchins, Cebus apella. Manuscript submitted for publication.
70. Weaver, A., & de Waal, F. (2002). An index of relationship quality based on attachment theory. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 116, 93-106.
71. Welker, C., Becker, P., Hohmann, H., & Schafer-Witt, C. (1990). Social relations in groups of the black-capped capuchin (Cebus apella) in captivity: Interactions of group-born infants during their second half-year of life. Folia Primatologica, 54, 16-33.
72. Welker, C., Höhmann-Kröger, H., & Doyle, G. A. (1992). Social relations in groups of black-capped capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in captivity: Sibling relations from the second to the fifth year of life. Zeit Saugertierkunde 57, 269-274.
73. Wiener, S. G., Lowe, E. L., & Levine, S. (1992). Pituitary-adrenal response to weaning in infant squirrel monkeys. Psychobiology, 20, 65-70.