Democratising biotechnology? Deliberation, participation and social regulation in a neo-liberal world

Review of International Studies

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 471-491

  Newell, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77952589050     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: 14699044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210510000112     Document Type: Article

References (81)

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12. Through interviews, surveys and data collection the experience of 16 countries was analysed; Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Estonia, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Namibia, New Zealand, Norway, UK, US, Zimbabwe.
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15. WTO, Guidelines for Arrangements on Relations with NGOs, Document WT/L/162, 18. July, (Geneva: WTO, 1996).
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24. Jan Aart Scholte, 'Civil Society and Democratically Accountable Global Governance', Global Governance and Public Accountability, Ibid., p. 87.
25. This was an issue I discussed with activists and parliamentarians in Peru in December 2004 in relation to the implications of TRIPs to access to affordable drugs in the country. A similar experience of exclusion of parliaments was observed in relation to Kenya's acceptance of the TRIPs agreement, despite implications for farmers' rights to seed and existing plant variety protection legislation. Hannington Odame, Patricia Kameri-Mbote and David Wafula, 'Globalisation and the international governance of modern biotechnology: implications for food security in Kenya', IDS Working Paper, 199, Biotechnology Policy Series 20 (Brighton, UK: IDS, 2003).
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27. Gabrielle Marceau and Peter Pedersen, 'Is the WTO open and transparent? A discussion of the relationship of the WTO with non governmental organizations and civil society's claims for more transparency and participation', Journal of World Trade, 33:1 (1999), pp. 5-49.
28. Peter Newell and Diana Tussie, (eds), 'Civil society participation in trade policy in Latin America: Lessons and Reflections', IDS Working Paper, 267 (Brighton: IDS, 2006).
29. Susan Sell, 'The global IP upward ratchet, anti-counterfeiting and piracy enforcement efforts: The State of Play, 9 June 2008, {http://www.ip-watch.org/ files/SusanSellfinalversion.pdf};
30. David Levy and Peter Newell (eds), The Business of Global Environmental Governance (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005).
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32. Bohman, Public Deliberation, p. 17.
33. Brian Wynne, 'Creating public alienation: Expert cultures of risk and ethics on GMOs', Science as Culture, 10:4 (2001), pp. 445-481
34. Shiv Visvanathan, 'Knowledge, justice and democracy', in Melissa Leach, Ian Scoones and Brian Wynne (eds), Science and Citizens (London: Zed, 2005), pp. 83-97.
35. Elements of the following few paragraphs draw from Peter Newell, 'Corporate power and bounded autonomy in the global politics of biotechnology', in Robert Falkner (eds), The International Politics of Genetically Modified Food (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2007), pp. 67-85.
36. Sheila Jasanoff, 'Product, process or programme: Three cultures and the regulation of Biotechnology', in Martin Bauer, (ed.), Resistance to New Technology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 325.
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38. Julia Black, 'Regulation as Facilitation: Negotiating the Genetic Revolution', Modern Law Review, 61:5 (1998), pp. 621-660
39. Jasanoff, 'Product, process or programme'.
40. Wynne, 'Creating public alienation'.
41. Les Levidow, 'Democratizing technology - or technologizing democracy? Regulating agricultural biotechnology in Europe', Technology in Society, 20 (1998), pp. 211-226, p. 220.
42. Quoted in Levidow and Tait, 'The greening of biotechnology', p. 134.
43. 'The greening of biotechnology', p. 134., Ibid.
44. Les Levidow, 'Utilitarian bioethics? Market fetishism in the GM crops debate', New Genetics and Society, 20:1, (2001), pp. 75-84.
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47. Ian Sample, 'Scientists want top security for GM crop tests', The Guardian (29 July 2008), p. 7.
48. Black, 'Regulation as facilitation', p. 628.
49. Wynne, 'Public alienation', p. 446-447
50. Frans Brom, 'WTO, public reason and food public reasoning in the "trade conflict" on GM food', Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 7:4, (2004), pp. 417-431
51. Ronald. J. Herring, 'Opposition to transgenic technologies: Ideology, interests and collective action frames', Nature, 9 (2008), pp. 458-63;
52. Peter Newell, 'Trade and biotechnology in Latin America: Democratization, Contestation and the Politics of Mobilization', Journal of Agrarian Change, 8:2-3 (2008), pp. 345-376
53. Peter Newell, 'Globalisation and the governance of biotechnology', Global Environmental Politics, 3:2 (2003), pp. 56-72;
54. Peter Newell, 'Bio-hegemony: The Political Economy of Agricultural Biotechnology in Argentina', Journal of Latin American Studies, 41 (2009) pp. 27-57.
55. Dominic Glover, James Keeley, Peter Newell, Rosemary McGee, Public Participation and the Biosafety Protocol, Commissioned Study for DfiD and UNEP-GEF (Brighton: IDS, 2003).
56. Dryzek, Deliberative Democracy.
57. Dryzek, 'Deliberative Democracy', p. 1.
58. Jurgen Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory (Cambridge MA: MIT press, 1998), p. 244.
59. Hemmati, Multi-stakeholder Processes; Holmes and Scoones, 'Participatory Environmental Policy'; SEC Commission of the European Communities, White Paper on European Governance: Enhancing Democracy in the European Union, SEC (2000) 1547/7 Final October 11.
60. See Tim Holmes and Ian Scoones, 'Participatory environmental policy processes: Experiences from North and South', IDS Working paper 113 for discussion (2000), Brighton: IDS and POST (Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology), 'Open Channels: Public Dialogue in Science and Technology', Report no. 153 (March 2001).
61. Smith and Brassett, 'Deliberation and Global Governance', p. 90.
62. Dryzek, Deliberative Global Politics.
63. Smith and Brassett, 'Deliberation and Global Governance'.
64. Andrea Cornwall and John Gaventa, 'From USers and choosers to makers and shapers: Re-positioning participation in social policy', IDS Working Paper 127 (Brighton: IDS, 2001).
65. Glover et al, 'Public Participation' p. 9.
66. P. Newell, 'Lost in Translation? Domesticating Global Policy on GMOs: Comparing India and China', Global Society, 22:1 (2008), pp. 115-136
67. 'Eat Shit or Die? America gives Africa a choice', The Ecologist, 33:2 (2003), front cover.
68. Peter Newell, 'Bio-hegemony: The Political Economy of Agricultural Biotechnology in Argentina', Journal of Latin American Studies, 41 (2009), pp. 25-57.
69. Dominic Glover, 'Public participation in national biotechnology policy and biosafety regulation', IDS Working Paper, 198 (Brighton: IDS, 2003), p. 10.
70. 'Public participation in national biotechnology policy and biosafety regulation', IDS Working Paper, 198, 2003, Ibid., p. 6.
71. Ethan. J. Leib and Baogang He, The Search for Deliberative Democracy in China (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2006).
72. Gupta and Bartlett, 'Necessary preconditions', p. 94.
73. Robert Wade, 'What strategies are viable for developing countries today? The World Trade Organisation and the shrinking of development space', Review of International Political Economy, 10:4 (2003), pp. 621-44;
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75. Stephen Gill, 'Globalisation, market civilisation and disciplinary neo-liberalism', Millennium: Journal of International Relations, 24:3 (1995). pp. 399-423.
76. Erik Millstone and Patrick van Zwanenberg, 'Food and agricultural biotechnology policy: How much autonomy can developing countries exercise?', Development Policy Review, 21:5-6, (2003), pp. 655-667
77. Newell, 'Corporate power'.
78. Robert Falkner, Business Power and Conflict in International Environmental Politics (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2007).
79. Dryzek, Deliberative Democracy.
80. Robert Cox, 'Social forces, states and world order: Beyond International Relations theory', Millennium Journal of International Studies, 10:2, (1981), pp. 126-151
81. Glover, 'Public participation', p. 25.