Osteochondral defects in the ankle: Why painful?

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 570-580

  van Dijk, C Niek ^a   Reilingh, Mikel L ^a   Zengerink, Maartje ^a   van Bergen, Christiaan J A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Ankle joint; Cartilage; Natural history; Osteochondral defect; Pain; Subchondral cyst

Indexed keywords

ANKLE; ANKLE INJURY; ARTHRALGIA; ARTICLE; ARTICULAR CARTILAGE; BONE CYST; CARTILAGE; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; INJURY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; TALUS;

ANKLE INJURIES; ANKLE JOINT; ARTHRALGIA; BONE CYSTS; CARTILAGE; CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR; HUMANS; TALUS;

EID: 77952323521     PISSN: 09422056     EISSN: 14337347     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00167-010-1064-x     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Anderson DV, Lyne ED (1984) Osteochondritis dissecans of the talus: case report on two family members. J Pediatr Orthop 4: 356-357.
2. Aspenberg P, van der Vis H (1998) Migration, particles, and fluid pressure. A discussion of causes of prosthetic loosening. Clin Orthop Relat Res 352: 75-80.
3. Astrand J, Skripitz R, Skoglund B, Aspenberg P (2003) A rat model for testing pharmacologic treatments of pressure-related bone loss. Clin Orthop Relat Res 409: 296-305.
4. Berndt AL, Harty M (1959) Transchondral fractures (osteochondritis dissecans) of the talus. J Bone Joint Surg Am 41-A: 988-1020.
5. Braune W, Fischer O (1891) Die Bewegungen des Kniegelenks nach einer neuen Methode am lebenden Menschen gemessen. S Hirzel, Leipzig, pp 75-150.
6. Bretlau T, Tuxoe J, Larsen L, Jorgensen U, Thomsen HS, Lausten GS (2002) Bone bruise in the acutely injured knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 10: 96-101.
7. Bruns J, Rosenbach B (1990) Pressure distribution at the ankle joint. Clin Biomech 5: 153-161.
8. Bruns J (1997) Osteochondrosis dissecans. Orthopade 26: 573-584.
9. Buckwalter JA, Mankin HJ (1998) Articular cartilage: degeneration and osteoarthritis, repair, regeneration, and transplantation. Instr Course Lect 47: 487-504.
10. Bunger C, Harving S, Hjermind J, Bunger EH (1983) Relationship between intraosseous pressures and intra-articular pressure in arthritis of the knee. An experimental study in immature dogs. Acta Orthop Scand 54: 188-193.
11. Canale ST, Belding RH (1980) Osteochondral lesions of the talus. J Bone Joint Surg Am 62: 97-102.
12. Chen DS, Wertheimer SJ (1992) Centrally located osteochondral fracture of the talus. J Foot Surg 31: 134-140.
13. Davies NH, Niall D, King LJ, Lavelle J, Healy JC (2004) Magnetic resonance imaging of bone bruising in the acutely injured knee-short-term outcome. Clin Radiol 59: 439-445.
14. Durr HD, Martin H, Pellengahr C, Schlemmer M, Maier M, Jansson V (2004) The cause of subchondral bone cysts in osteoarthrosis: a finite element analysis. Acta Orthop Scand 75: 554-558.
15. Elias I, Zoga AC, Morrison WB, Besser MP, Schweitzer ME, Raikin SM (2007) Osteochondral lesions of the talus: localization and morphologic data from 424 patients using a novel anatomical grid scheme. Foot Ankle Int 28: 154-161.
16. Erban WK, Kolberg K (1981) Simultaneous mirror image osteochondrosis dissecans in identical twins. Rofo 135: 357.
17. Ferkel RD, Scranton PE Jr (1993) Arthroscopy of the ankle and foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am 75: 1233-1242.
18. Ferkel RD, Zanotti RM, Komenda GA, Sgaglione NA, Cheng MS, Applegate GR et al (2008) Arthroscopic treatment of chronic osteochondral lesions of the talus: long-term results. Am J Sports Med 36: 1750-1762.
19. Flick AB, Gould N (1985) Osteochondritis dissecans of the talus (transchondral fractures of the talus): review of the literature and new surgical approach for medial dome lesions. Foot Ankle 5: 165-185.
20. Frenkel SR, Di Cesare PE (1999) Degradation and repair of articular cartilage. Front Biosci 4: 671-685.
21. Goddard NJ, Gosling PT (1988) Intra-articular fluid pressure and pain in osteoarthritis of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br 70: 52-55.
22. Herberhold C, Faber S, Stammberger T, Steinlechner M, Putz R, Englmeier KH et al (1999) In situ measurement of articular cartilage deformation in intact femoropatellar joints under static loading. J Biomech 32: 1287-1295.
23. Hermanson E, Ferkel RD (2009) Bilateral osteochondral lesions of the talus. Foot Ankle Int 30: 723-727.
24. Irie K, Hara-Irie F, Ozawa H, Yajima T (2002) Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing nerve fibers in bone tissue and their involvement in bone remodeling. Microsc Res Tech 58: 85-90.
25. Johansson L, Edlund U, Fahlgren A, Aspenberg P (2009) Bone resorption induced by fluid flow. J Biomech Eng 131: 094505.
26. Joy G, Patzakis MJ, Harvey JP Jr (1974) Precise evaluation of the reduction of severe ankle fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 56: 979-993.
27. Junqueira L, Carneiro J, Kelly R (2007) Kraakbeen. In: Functionele Histologie, 11th edn. Elsevier, Maarssen, pp 140-147.
28. Kiaer T, Pedersen NW, Kristensen KD, Starklint H (1990) Intra-osseous pressure and oxygen tension in avascular necrosis and osteoarthritis of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br 72: 1023-1030.
29. Koch S, Kampen WU, Laprell H (1997) Cartilage and bone morphology in osteochondritis dissecans. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 5: 42-45.
30. Koshino T, Wada S, Ara Y, Saito T (2003) Regeneration of degenerated articular cartilage after high tibial valgus osteotomy for medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee. Knee 10: 229-236.
31. Lassus J, Salo J, Jiranek WA, Santavirta S, Nevalainen J, Matucci-Cerinic M et al (1998) Macrophage activation results in bone resorption. Clin Orthop Relat Res 352: 7-15.
32. Lloyd J, Elsayed S, Hariharan K, Tanaka H (2006) Revisiting the concept of talar shift in ankle fractures. Foot Ankle Int 27: 793-796.
33. Mach DB, Rogers SD, Sabino MC, Luger NM, Schwei MJ, Pomonis JD et al (2002) Origins of skeletal pain: sensory and sympathetic innervation of the mouse femur. Neuroscience 113: 155-166.
34. Maroudas A, Schneiderman R (1987) "Free" and "exchangeable" or "trapped" and "non-exchangeable" water in cartilage. J Orthop Res 5: 133-138.
35. Messner K (1993) Hydroxylapatite supported Dacron plugs for repair of isolated full-thickness osteochondral defects of the rabbit femoral condyle: mechanical and histological evaluations from 6 to 48 weeks. J Biomed Mater Res 27: 1527-1532.
36. Millington S, Grabner M, Wozelka R, Hurwitz S, Crandall J (2007) A stereophotographic study of ankle joint contact area. J Orthop Res 25: 1465-1473.
37. Mow VC, Flatow EL, Ateshian GA (2000) Biomechanics. In: Orthopaedic Basic Science: Biology and Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System, 2nd edn. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont, pp 133-180.
38. Nakamae A, Engebretsen L, Bahr R, Krosshaug T, Ochi M (2006) Natural history of bone bruises after acute knee injury: clinical outcome and histopathological findings. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14: 1252-1258.
39. Procter P, Paul JP (1982) Ankle joint biomechanics. J Biomech 15: 627-634.
40. Qiu YS, Shahgaldi BF, Revell WJ, Heatley FW (2003) Observations of subchondral plate advancement during osteochondral repair: a histomorphometric and mechanical study in the rabbit femoral condyle. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 11: 810-820.
41. Quinn TM, Allen RG, Schalet BJ, Perumbuli P, Hunziker EB (2001) Matrix and cell injury due to sub-impact loading of adult bovine articular cartilage explants: effects of strain rate and peak stress. J Orthop Res 19: 242-249.
42. Radin EL, Burr DB (1984) Hypothesis: joints can heal. Semin Arthritis Rheum 13: 293-302.
43. Radin EL, Rose RM (1986) Role of subchondral bone in the initiation and progression of cartilage damage. Clin Orthop Relat Res 213: 34-40.
44. Ramsey PL, Hamilton W (1976) Changes in tibiotalar area of contact caused by lateral talar shift. J Bone Joint Surg Am 58: 356-357.
45. Rangger C, Kathrein A, Freund MC, Klestil T, Kreczy A (1998) Bone bruise of the knee: histology and cryosections in 5 cases. Acta Orthop Scand 69: 291-294.
46. Ray R, Coughlin E (1947) Osteochondritis dissecans of the talus. J Bone Joint Surg 29: 697-706.
47. Reilingh ML, van Bergen CJ, van Dijk CN (2009) Diagnosis and treatment of osteochondral defects of the ankle. South Afr Orthop J 8: 44-50.
48. Roemer FW, Bohndorf K (2002) Long-term osseous sequelae after acute trauma of the knee joint evaluated by MRI. Skeletal Radiol 31: 615-623.
49. Saxler G, Loer F, Skumavc M, Pfortner J, Hanesch U (2007) Localization of SP- and CGRP-immunopositive nerve fibers in the hip joint of patients with painful osteoarthritis and of patients with painless failed total hip arthroplasties. Eur J Pain 11: 67-74.
50. Schachter AK, Chen AL, Reddy PD, Tejwani NC (2005) Osteochondral lesions of the talus. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 13: 152-158.
51. Schmalzried TP, Akizuki KH, Fedenko AN, Mirra J (1997) The role of access of joint fluid to bone in periarticular osteolysis. A report of four cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 79: 447-452.
52. Schuman L, Struijs PA, van Dijk CN (2002) Arthroscopic treatment for osteochondral defects of the talus. Results at follow-up at 2 to 11 years. J Bone Joint Surg Br 84: 364-368.
53. Scranton PE Jr, McDermott JE (2001) Treatment of type V osteochondral lesions of the talus with ipsilateral knee osteochondral autografts. Foot Ankle Int 22: 380-384.
54. Shapiro F, Koide S, Glimcher MJ (1993) Cell origin and differentiation in the repair of full-thickness defects of articular cartilage. J Bone Joint Surg Am 75: 532-553.
55. Shepherd DE, Seedhom BB (1999) Thickness of human articular cartilage in joints of the lower limb. Ann Rheum Dis 58: 27-34.
56. Simon WH, Friedenberg S, Richardson S (1973) Joint congruence. A correlation of joint congruence and thickness of articular cartilage in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg Am 55: 1614-1620.
57. Specchiulli F, Capocasale N, Laforgia R, Solarino GB (1987) The surgical treatment of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Ital J Orthop Traumatol 13: 345-351.
58. Stone JW (1996) Osteochondral lesions of the talar dome. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 4: 63-73.
59. Sugimoto K, Takakura Y, Tohno Y, Kumai T, Kawate K, Kadono K (2005) Cartilage thickness of the talar dome. Arthroscopy 21: 401-404.
60. Tarr RR, Resnick CT, Wagner KS, Sarmiento A (1985) Changes in tibiotalar joint contact areas following experimentally induced tibial angular deformities. Clin Orthop Relat Res 199: 72-80.
61. Thordarson DB, Motamed S, Hedman T, Ebramzadeh E, Bakshian S (1997) The effect of fibular malreduction on contact pressures in an ankle fracture malunion model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 79: 1809-1815.
62. Torzilli PA, Grigiene R, Borrelli J Jr, Helfet DL (1999) Effect of impact load on articular cartilage: cell metabolism and viability, and matrix water content. J Biomech Eng 121: 433-441.
63. Uozumi H, Sugita T, Aizawa T, Takahashi A, Ohnuma M, Itoi E (2009) Histologic findings and possible causes of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. Am J Sports Med 37: 2003-2008.
64. van der Vis HM, Aspenberg P, Marti RK, Tigchelaar W, van Noorden CJ (1998) Fluid pressure causes bone resorption in a rabbit model of prosthetic loosening. Clin Orthop Relat Res 350: 201-208.
65. Vellet AD, Marks PH, Fowler PJ, Munro TG (1991) Occult posttraumatic osteochondral lesions of the knee: prevalence, classification, and short-term sequelae evaluated with MR imaging. Radiology 178: 271-276.
66. Verhagen RA, Struijs PA, Bossuyt PM, van Dijk CN (2003) Systematic review of treatment strategies for osteochondral defects of the talar dome. Foot Ankle Clin 8: 233-242.
67. Wan L, de Asla RJ, Rubash HE, Li G (2008) In vivo cartilage contact deformation of human ankle joints under full body weight. J Orthop Res 26: 1081-1089.
68. Woods K, Harris I (1995) Osteochondritis dissecans of the talus in identical twins. J Bone Joint Surg Br 77: 331.
69. Yamamoto T, Bullough PG (2000) Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee: the result of subchondral insufficiency fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Am 82: 858-866.
70. Zengerink M, Struijs PA, Tol JL, van Dijk CN (2009) Treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. doi: 10. 1007/s00167-009-0942-6.