Genetic signals of historic and recent migration between sub-populations of Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus west and east of Greenland

Endangered Species Research

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 197-211

  Andersen, L W ^a   Born, E W ^b   Doidge, D W ^c   Gjertz, I ^d   Wiig, O ^e   Waples, R S ^f  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

^b GREENLAND INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES   (Greenland)

^c Nunavik Research Centre   (Canada)

^d Norges forskningsrad   (Norway)

^e UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^f NORTHWEST FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Greenland; Microsatellites; Migration direction; Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus; Population structure

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION METHOD; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; MARINE MAMMAL; MIGRATION; POPULATION STRUCTURE; SPECIES CONSERVATION; SUSTAINABILITY;

ARCTIC; ARKHANGELSK [RUSSIAN FEDERATION]; CANADA; FRANZ JOSEF LAND; GREENLAND; HUDSON STRAIT; RUSSIAN FEDERATION; SVALBARD; SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN;

ANIMALIA; ODOBENIDAE; ODOBENUS ROSMARUS ROSMARUS;

EID: 77952261327     PISSN: 18635407     EISSN: 16134796     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/esr00242     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Aars J, Lunn NJ, Derocher AE (2006) Polar bears: Proc 14th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, 20-24 June 2005, Seattle, Washington. Occas Pap IUCN SSC 32
2. Allen JA (1880) History of North American pinnipeds. US Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. Misc Publ No. 12
3. Allen GM (1930) The walrus in New England. J Mammal 11: 139-145
4. Allen PJ, Amos W, Pomeroy PP, Twiss D (1995) Microsatellite variation in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) shows evidence of genetic differentiation between two British breeding colonies. Mol Ecol 4:653-662
5. Alvarez-Flores CM, Heide-Jørgensen MP (2004) A risk assessment of the sustainability of the harvest of beluga Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas 1776) in West Greenland. ICES J Mar Sci 61:274-286
6. Andersen LW, Born EW (2000) Indications of two genetically different sub-populations of Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in west and northwest Greenland. Can J Zool 78:1999-2009
7. Andersen LW, Born EW, Gjertz I, Wiig Ø, Holm LE, Bendixen C (1998) Population structure and gene flow of the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the eastern Atlantic Arctic based on mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite variation. Mol Ecol 7:1323-1336
8. Anonymous (1995) Report of the ad hoc Working Group on Atlantic Walrus. In: North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission (NAMMCO) Annual Report 1995. NAMMCO, Tromsø, p 101-119
9. Anonymous (2005) ANNEX 1 Report of the joint meeting of the NAMMCO Scientific Committee working group and the JCNB scientific working group on the population status of narwhal and beluga in the North Atlantic. In: North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission (NAMMCO) Annual Report 2005. NAMMCO, Tromsø, p 219-251
10. Austin JD, Lougheed SC, Boag PT (2004) Controlling for the effects of history and nonequilibrium conditions in gene flow estimates in northern bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) populations. Genetics 168:1491-1506
11. Balloux F (2001) EASYPOP (version 1.7): a computer program for population genetics simulations. J Hered 92:301-302
12. Beerli P (2004) Effect of unsampled populations on the population size and migration rates between sampled populations. Mol Ecol 13:827-836
13. Beerli P (2006) Comparison of Bayesian and maximum-likelihood inference of population genetic parameters. Bioinformatics 22:341-345
14. Beerli P, Felsenstein J (2001) Maximum likelihood estimation of a migration matrix and effective population sizes in n subpopulations by using a coalescent approach. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:4563-4568
15. Born EW (2001) Reproduction in female Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from northwestern Greenland. J Zool (Lond) 255:165-174
16. Born EW (2003) Reproduction in male Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the North Water (N Baffin Bay). Mar Mamm Sci 19:819-831
17. Born EW, Böcher J (eds) (2001) The ecology of Greenland. Ilinniusiorfik, Nuuk
18. Born EW, Heide-Jørgensen MP, Davis RA (1994) The Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in West Greenland. Medd Grønl Biosci 40:1-33
19. Born EW, Gjertz I, Reeves RR (1995) Population assessment of Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus). Norsk Polarinst Medd 138
20. Born EW, Dietz R, Heide-Jørgensen MP, Knutsen LØ (1997) Historical and present distribution, abundance and exploitation of Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus L) in eastern Greenland. Medd Grønl Biosci 46:1-70
21. Born EW, Andersen LW, Gjertz I, Wiig Ø (2001) A review of the genetic relationships of Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) east and west of Greenland. Polar Biol 24:713-718
22. Cornuet JM, Luikart G (1996) Description and power analysis f two tests for detecting recent population bottlenecks from allele frequency data. Genetics 144:2001-2014
23. COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada) (2006) Assessment and update status report on the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in Canada COSEWIC, Ottawa. www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct7/index_e.cfm?#rep
24. Dahl-Jensen D, Mosegaard K, Gundestrup N, Clow CD, Johnsen SJ, Hansen AW, Balling N (1998) Past temperatures directly from the Greenland ice sheet. Science 282: 268-271
25. Di Rienzo A, Peterson AC, Garza JC, Valdes AM, Slatkin M, Freimer NB (1994) Mutational processes of simplesequence repeat loci in human populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:3166-3170
26. Dyke AS, Hooper J, Harington CR, Savelle JM (1999) The late Wisconsinan and Holocene record of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) from North America: a review with new data from Arctic and Atlantic Canada. Arctic 52:160-181
27. Faubet P, Waples RS, Giaggiotti OE (2007) Evaluating the performance of a multilocus Bayesian method for the estimation of migration rates. Mol Ecol 16:1149-1166
28. Fay FH (1982) Ecology and biology of the Pacific walrus, Odobenus rosmarus divergens Illiger. North American Fauna Ser No. 74. US Dept Interior Fish Wildl Serv, Washington, DC
29. Fay FH, Ray GC, Kibal'chich AA (1984) Time and location of mating and associated behaviour of the Pacific walrus Odobenus rosmarus divergens Illiger. In: Fay FH, Fedoseev, GA (eds) Soviet-American cooperative research on marine mammals. Vol 1, Pinnipeds. NOAA Tech Rep NMFS 12, Washington, DC, p 89-99
30. Fischbach AS, Jay CV, Jackson JV, Andersen LW, Sage GK, Talbot SL (2008) Molecular method for determining sex of walruses. J Wildl Manag 72:1808-1812
31. Freuchen P (1921) Om hvalrossens forekomst og vandringer ved Grønlands vestkyst (Distribution and migration of walruses along the western coast of Greenland). Vid Medd Dansk Natur F København 72:237-249 (Translated: Fish Res Board Can Translation Ser 2383)
32. Garza JC, Williamson EG (2001) Detection of reduction in population size using data from microsatellite loci. Mol Ecol 10:305-318
33. Gjertz I, Wiig Ø (1994) Past and present distribution of walruses in Svalbard. Arctic 47:34-42
34. Gjertz I, Wiig Ø (1995) The number of walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) in Svalbard in summer. Polar Biol 15: 527-530
35. Gjertz I, Wiig Ø, Øritsland NA (1998) Backcalculation of original population size for walruses Odobenus rosmarus in Franz Josef Land. Wildl Biol 4:223-230
36. Goodman SJ (1998) Patterns of extensive genetic differentiation and variation among European harbor seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina) revealed using microsatellite DNA polymorphism. Mol Biol Evol 15:104-118
37. Goudet J (1995) FSTAT 2.9.3.1: a computer program to calculate F statistics. J Hered 86:485-486
38. Grove JM (2001) The initiation of the 'Little Ice Age' in regions round the North Atlantic. Clim Change 48:53-82
39. Guo SW, Thompson EA (1992) Performing the exact test for Hardy-Weinberg proportion for multiple alleles. Biometrics 48:361-372
40. Hartl DL, Clark AG (1997) Principles of population genetics. 3rd edn. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA
41. Hill WG (1981) Estimation of effective population size from data on linkage disequilibrium. Genet Res 38:209-216
42. Hughes TJ, Denton GH, Andersen BG, Schilling DH, Fastook JL, Lingle CS (1981) The last great ice sheets: a global view. In: Denton GH, Hughes TJ (eds) The last great ice sheets. John Wiley & Sons, New York, p 275-318
43. Lydersen C, Aars J, Kovacs K (2008) Estimating the number of walruses in Svalbard from aerial surveys and behavioural data from satellite telemetry. Arctic 61:119-128
44. Mansfield AW (1973) The Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus in Canada and Greenland. IUCN Publ New Ser Suppl Pap 39:69-79
45. Milligan B (1992) Plant DNA isolation. In: Hoelzel H (ed) Molecular genetic analysis of populations: a practical approach. IRL Press, Oxford, p 59-88
46. Møhl U (1985) The walrus, Odobenus rosmarus (L.), as a Danish faunal element during the Weichsel Ice Age. Bull Geol Soc Den 34:83-85
47. NAMMCO (North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission) (1995) Report of the third meeting of the Scientific Committee. In: NAMMCO annual report 1995, NAMMCO, Tromsø, p 71-127
48. NAMMCO (2006) NAMMCO annual report 2005. NAMMCO, Tromsø
49. Nei M, Maruyama T, Chakraborty R (1975) The bottleneck effect and genetic variability in populations. Evolution 29:1-10
50. Paetkau D, Slade R, Burdens M, Estoup A (2004) Genetic assignment methods for direct, real-time estimation of migration rates: a simulation-based exploration of accuracy and power. Mol Ecol 13:55-65
51. Piry S, Luikart G, Cornuet JM (1999) BOTTLENECK - a computer program for detecting recent reductions in the effective population size using allele frequency data. J Hered 90:502-503
52. Piry S, Alapetite A, Cornuet JM, Paetkau D, Baudouin L, Estoup A (2004) GeneClass2: a software for genetic assignment and first-generation migrant detection. J Hered 95:536-539
53. Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P (2000) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155:945-959
54. Przybylak R (2003) The climate of the Arctic. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
55. Ramstad KM, Woody CA, Sage K, Allendorf FW (2004) Founding events influence genetic population structure of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Lake Clark, Alaska. Mol Ecol 13:277-290
56. Rannala B, Mountain J (1997) Detecting immigration by using multilocus genotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 9197-9201
57. Ray CE (1960) Trichecodon huxlei (Mammalia: Odobenidae) in the Pleistocene of southeastern United States. Bull Mus Comp Zool Harv Coll 122:129-142
58. Raymond M, Rousset F (1995) GENEPOP ver. 3.2: a population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J Hered 86:248-249
59. Reiter P (2000) From Shakespeare to Defoe: malaria in England in the Little Ice Age. Emerg Infect Dis 6:1-11
60. Rice WR (1989) Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225
61. Schneider S, Roessli D, Excoffier L (2000) ARLEQUIN, v 2.0: a software for population genetics data analysis. Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva
62. Sjare B, Stirling I (1996) The breeding behavior of Atlantic walruses, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, in the Canadian High Arctic. Can J Zool 74:897-911
63. Slade RW, Moritz C, Hoelzel AR, Burton HR (1998) Molecular population genetics of the southern elephant seal (Mirunga leonina). Genetics 149:1945-1957
64. Stanley HF, Casey S, Carnahan JM, Goodman S, Harwood J, Wayne RK (1996) Worldwide patterns of mitochondrial DNA differentiation in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Mol Biol Evol 13:368-382
65. Stewart REA (2008) Redefining walrus stocks in Canada. Arctic 61:292-308
66. Trujillo RG, Loughlin TR, Gemmel NJ, Patton JC, Bickham JW (2004) Variation in microsatellites and mtDNA across the range of the Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus. J Mammal 85:338-346
67. Vibe C (1950) The marine mammals and the marine fauna in the Thule District (Northwest Greenland) with observations on the ice conditions in 1939-41. Medd Gronl 150:1-115
68. Waples RS (2006) A bias correction for estimates of effective population size based on linkage disequilibrium at unlinked gene loci. Conserv Genet 7:167-184
69. Waples RS, Do C (2008) LDNE: a program for estimating effective population size from data on linkage disequilibrium. Mol Ecol Resour 8:753-756
70. Weber JL, Wong C (1993) Mutation of human short tandem repeats. Hum Mol Genet 2:1123-1128
71. Weir BS (1996) Genetic data analysis, 2nd edn. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA
72. Weir BS, Cockerham CC (1984) Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38:1358-1370
73. Wiig Ø, Gjertz I, Griffiths D (1996) Migration of walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) in the Svalbard and Franz Josef Land area. J Zool (Lond) 238:769-784
74. Williamson-Natesan EG (2005) Comparison of methods for detecting bottlenecks from microsatellite loci. Conserv Genet 6:551-562
75. Wilson GA, Rannala B (2003) Bayesian inference of recent migration rates using multilocus genotypes. Genetics 163:1177-1191
76. Witting LW, Born EW (2005) An assessment of Greenland walrus populations. ICES J Mar Sci 62:266-284
77. Wynen LP, Goldsworthy SD, Guinet C, Bester MN and others (2000) Postsealing genetic variation and population structure of two species of fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella and A. tropicalis). Mol Ecol 9:299-314