Estrogen therapy and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: A case-control study and results of a multivariate analysis

Menopause

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 524-528

  Lumachi, Franco ^a   Frigo, Anna Chiara ^a   Basso, Umberto ^b   Tombolan, Valeria ^a   Ermani, Mario ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^b VENETO INSTITUTE OF ONCOLOGY IOV IRCCS   (Italy)

Author keywords

Estrogen therapy; Hormone therapy; Menopause; Oral contraceptives; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ASPIRATION BIOPSY; BREAST CANCER; BREAST CARCINOMA; BREAST FEEDING; CANCER RISK; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ESTROGEN THERAPY; FEMALE; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENARCHE; MENOPAUSE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; POSTMENOPAUSE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; THERAPY EFFECT;

BREAST NEOPLASMS; CARCINOMA, DUCTAL, BREAST; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL, HORMONAL; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; ITALY; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; ODDS RATIO; POSTMENOPAUSE; RISK FACTORS; URBAN POPULATION; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 77952247103     PISSN: 10723714     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181ca0c74     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Nabholtz JMA, Reese DM, Lindsay MA, Riva A. Combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2002;2:169-180. (Pubitemid 34679472)
2. Lumachi F, Basso SMM. Serum tumor markers in breast cancer. In: Swenson LI, ed. Progress in Tumor Marker Research. New York, NY: Nova Biomedical Books, 2007:83-100.
3. Laden F, Spiegelman D, Neas LM, et al. Geographic variation in breast cancer incidence rates in a cohort of U.S. women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997;9:1373-1378.
4. Lumachi F, Ermani M, Basso SMM, Lonardi S, Tosoni A, Brandes AA. Breast cancer risk in symptomatic women spontaneously undergoing clinical breast examination. Anticancer Res 2003;23:3565-3568.
5. Sheehan J, DeChello LM, Kulldorff M, Gregorio DI, Gershman S, Mroszcyk M. The geographic distribution of breast cancer incidence in Massachusetts 1988 to 1997, adjusted for covariates. Int J Health Geogr 2004;3:17.
6. Beral V, Million Women Study Collaborators. Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet 2003;362:419-427.
7. White E, Malone KE, Weiss NS, Daling JR. Breast cancer among young U.S. women in relation to oral contraceptive use. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86:505-514.
8. Newcomer LM, Newcomb PA, Trentham-Dietz A, Longnecker MP, Greenberg ER. Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast cancer by histologic type. Int J Cancer 2003;106:961-964.
9. Kahlenborn C, Modugno F, Potter DM, Severs WB. Oral contraceptives use as a risk factor for premenopausal breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81:1290-1302.
10. Brinton LA, Brogan DR, Coates RJ, Swanson CA, Potischman N, Stanford JL. Breast cancer risk among women under 55 years of age by joint effects of usage of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. Menopause 1998;5:145-151.
11. Lund E, Bakken K, Dumeaux V, Andersen V, Lume M. Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer in former users of oral contraceptivesVThe Norwegian Women and Cancer Study. Int J Cancer 2007;121:645-648.
12. Dumeaux V, Fournier A, Lund E, Clavel-Chapelon F. Previous contraceptive use and breast cancer risk according to hormone replacement therapy use among postmenopausal women. Cancer Causes Control 2005;16:537-544.
13. Registro Tumori Veneto. Available at: http://www.registrotumoriveneto.it. Accessed September 7, 2009.
14. Schairer C, Lubin J, Troisi R, Sturgeon S, Brinton L, Hoover R. Menopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk. JAMA 2000;283:485-491. (Pubitemid 30062864)
15. Lumachi F, Ermani M, Brandes AA, et al. Breast cancer risk in healthy and symptomatic women: results of a multivariate analysis. A case-control study. Biomed Pharmacother 2002;56:416-420.
16. Kirsh V, Kreiger N. Estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in Canada. Cancer Causes Control 2002; 13:583-590.
17. Jemal A, Murray T, Samuels A, Ghafoor A, Ward E, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2003;53:5-26.
18. Colditz GA, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, et al. The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1589-1593.
19. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52 705 women with breast cancer and 108 411 women without breast cancer. Lancet 1997;350: 1046-1059.
20. Saeki T, Sano M, Komoike Y, et al. No increase of breast cancer incidence in Japanese women who received hormone replacement therapy: overview of a case-control study of breast cancer risk in Japan. Intern J Clin Oncol 2008;13:8-11.
21. Cobleigh MA, Norlock FE, Oleske DM, Starr A. Hormone replacement therapy and high S phase in breast cancer. JAMA 1999;281:1528-1530.
22. Jernström H, Frenander J, Fernö M, Olsson H. Hormone replacement therapy before breast cancer diagnosis significantly reduces the overall death rate compared with never-use among 984 breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 1999;80:1453-1458.
23. Lower EE, Blau R, Gazder P, Stahl DL. The effect of estrogen usage on the subsequent hormone receptors status of primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1999;58:205-211.
24. Chen WY, Hankinson SE, Schnitt SJ, Rosner BA, Holmes MD, Colditz GA. Association of hormone replacement therapy to estrogen and progesterone receptor status in invasive breast carcinoma. Cancer 2004;101:1490-1500.
25. Lumachi F, Ermani M, Marino F, et al. Relationship between oral contraceptive therapy and estrogen receptor status in patients with breast cancer. Anticancer Res 2008;28:491-494.
26. Rosemberg LU, Granath F, Dickman PW, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy in relation to breast cancer characteristics and prognosis: a cohort study. Breast Cancer Res 2008;10:R78.
27. Marsden J, A'Hern R. Progestogens and breast cancer risk: the role of hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2003;29:185-187.
28. Li CI, Malone KE, Porter PL, et al. Relationship between long duration and different regimens of hormone therapy and risk of breast cancer. JAMA 2003;289:3254-3263.
29. Biglia N, Mariani L, Sgro L, Mininanni P, Moggio G, Sismondi P. Increased incidence of lobular breast cancer in women treated with hormone replacement therapy: implications for diagnosis, surgical and medical treatment. Endocr Relat Cancer 2007;14:549-567.
30. Opatrny L, Dell'Aniello S, Assouline S, Suissa S. Hormone replacement therapy use and variations in the risk of breast cancer. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2008;115:169-175. (Pubitemid 350233601)
31. Glass AG, Lacey JV Jr, Carreon JD, Hoover RN. Breast cancer incidence, 1980-2006: combined roles of menopausal hormone therapy, screening mammography, and estrogen receptor status. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1152-1161.
32. Canfell K, Banks E, Moa AM, Beral V. Decrease in breast cancer incidence following a rapid fall in use of hormone replacement therapy in Australia. Med J Aust 2008;188:641-644.
33. Nyante SJ, Gammon MD, Malone KE, Daling JR, Brinton LA. The association between oral contraceptive use and lobular and ductal breast cancer in young women. Int J Cancer 2008;122:936-941.
34. Kahlenborn C, Modugno F, Potter DM, Severs WB. Oral contraceptive use as a risk factor for premenopausal breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81:1290-1302.
35. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53.297 women with breast cancer and 100.239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies. Lancet 1996; 347:1713-1727.
36. Lyytinen H, Pukkala E, Ylikorkala O. Breast cancer risk in postmeno-pausal women using estradiol-progesterone therapy. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 113:65-73.
37. Reeves GK, Kan SW, Key T, et al. Breast cancer risk in relation to abortion: results from the EPIC study. Int J Cancer 2006;119:1741-1745.
38. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321-333.