메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 73, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 1293-1305

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure affects fertilization outcome in swine animal model

Author keywords

Embryo development; Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMF); Fertilization; Oviduct; Spermatozoa; Swine

Indexed keywords

ACROSOME; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION; CYTOLOGY; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; FERTILIZATION IN VITRO; HUMAN; MALE; OOCYTE CLEAVAGE; OVIDUCT; PHYSIOLOGY; RADIATION EXPOSURE; SPERMATOZOON; SPERMATOZOON CAPACITATION; SWINE;

EID: 77952105807     PISSN: 0093691X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.12.010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 77952109568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission. CORDIS. Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). http://www.cordis.europa.eu/fp5,6,7. Accessed: 9 September 2009.
    • European Commission. CORDIS. Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). http://www.cordis.europa.eu/fp5,6,7. Accessed: 9 September 2009.
  • 2
    • 0018686564 scopus 로고
    • Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer
    • Wertheimer N., and Leeper E. Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer. Am J Epidemiol 109 (1979) 273-284
    • (1979) Am J Epidemiol , vol.109 , pp. 273-284
    • Wertheimer, N.1    Leeper, E.2
  • 3
    • 0028243409 scopus 로고
    • Animal studies on the role of 50/60- hertz magnetic fields in carcinogenesis
    • Loscher W., and Mevissen M. Animal studies on the role of 50/60- hertz magnetic fields in carcinogenesis. Life Sci 54 (1994) 1531-1533
    • (1994) Life Sci , vol.54 , pp. 1531-1533
    • Loscher, W.1    Mevissen, M.2
  • 4
    • 0029044421 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic field and cancer: animal and cellular evidence-an overview
    • Hlmberg B. Magnetic field and cancer: animal and cellular evidence-an overview. Environ Health Perspect 103 (1995) 63-67
    • (1995) Environ Health Perspect , vol.103 , pp. 63-67
    • Hlmberg, B.1
  • 5
    • 77952108561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effect from exposure to power line frequency electric and magnetic fields
    • Report NIESH. Health effect from exposure to power line frequency electric and magnetic fields. NIESH Publication 99 (1999) 4493
    • (1999) NIESH Publication , vol.99 , pp. 4493
    • Report, NIESH.1
  • 6
    • 34547170199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: Non-ionizing radiation
    • IARC
    • IARC. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: non-ionizing radiation. Part. 1. Static and extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields, 2002.
    • (2002) Static and extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields , Issue.PART. 1
  • 7
    • 0027349252 scopus 로고
    • Effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on fetal development in rats
    • Huuskonen H., Juutilainen J., and Komulainen H. Effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on fetal development in rats. Bioelectromagnetics 14 (1993) 205-213
    • (1993) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.14 , pp. 205-213
    • Huuskonen, H.1    Juutilainen, J.2    Komulainen, H.3
  • 8
    • 0028955043 scopus 로고
    • Exposure to electromagnetic fields during pregnancy with emphasis on electrically heated beds: association with birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation
    • Bracken M.B., Belanger K., Hellenbrand K., Dlugosz L., and Holfprd T.R. Exposure to electromagnetic fields during pregnancy with emphasis on electrically heated beds: association with birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation. Epidemiology 6 (1995) 263-270
    • (1995) Epidemiology , vol.6 , pp. 263-270
    • Bracken, M.B.1    Belanger, K.2    Hellenbrand, K.3    Dlugosz, L.4    Holfprd, T.R.5
  • 9
    • 0036135291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A population-based prospective cohort study of personal exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage
    • Li D.K., Odouli R., Wi S., Janevic T., and Golditch I. A population-based prospective cohort study of personal exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Epidemiology 13 (2002) 9-20
    • (2002) Epidemiology , vol.13 , pp. 9-20
    • Li, D.K.1    Odouli, R.2    Wi, S.3    Janevic, T.4    Golditch, I.5
  • 10
    • 0141817999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for Alzheimer disease: a population-based case-control study in Istanbul, Turkey
    • Harmanci H., Emre M., Gurvit H., Bilgic B., Hanagasi H., Gurol, et al. Risk factors for Alzheimer disease: a population-based case-control study in Istanbul, Turkey. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 17 (2003) 139-145
    • (2003) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.17 , pp. 139-145
    • Harmanci, H.1    Emre, M.2    Gurvit, H.3    Bilgic, B.4    Hanagasi, H.5    Gurol6
  • 11
    • 0346307646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodegenerative diseases in welders and other workers exposed to high levels of magnetic fields
    • Håkansson N., Gustavsson P., Johansen C., and Floderus B. Neurodegenerative diseases in welders and other workers exposed to high levels of magnetic fields. Epidemiology 14 (2003) 420-428
    • (2003) Epidemiology , vol.14 , pp. 420-428
    • Håkansson, N.1    Gustavsson, P.2    Johansen, C.3    Floderus, B.4
  • 12
    • 0347568656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational magnetic field exposure and neurodegenerative disease
    • Feychting M., Jonsson F., Pedersen N.L., and Ahlbom A. Occupational magnetic field exposure and neurodegenerative disease. Epidemiology 14 (2003) 413-419
    • (2003) Epidemiology , vol.14 , pp. 413-419
    • Feychting, M.1    Jonsson, F.2    Pedersen, N.L.3    Ahlbom, A.4
  • 14
    • 77957185731 scopus 로고
    • Reproduction, growth, and development of rats during chronic exposure to multiple field strengths of 60-Hz electric fields
    • Rommereim D.N., Rommereim R.L., Sikov M.R., Buschbom R.L., and Anderson L.E. Reproduction, growth, and development of rats during chronic exposure to multiple field strengths of 60-Hz electric fields. Fundam Appl Toxicol 14 (1990) 608-621
    • (1990) Fundam Appl Toxicol , vol.14 , pp. 608-621
    • Rommereim, D.N.1    Rommereim, R.L.2    Sikov, M.R.3    Buschbom, R.L.4    Anderson, L.E.5
  • 15
    • 0027998027 scopus 로고
    • Effects of static and time-varying (50-Hz) magnetic fields on reproduction and foetal development in rats
    • Mevissen M., Buntenkötter S., and Löscher W. Effects of static and time-varying (50-Hz) magnetic fields on reproduction and foetal development in rats. Teratology 50 (1994) 229-237
    • (1994) Teratology , vol.50 , pp. 229-237
    • Mevissen, M.1    Buntenkötter, S.2    Löscher, W.3
  • 16
    • 0038094431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse early embryos obtained by natural breeding or in vitro fertilization display a differential sensitivity to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields
    • Beraldi R., Sciamanna I., Mangiacasale R., Lorenzini R., and Spadafora C. Mouse early embryos obtained by natural breeding or in vitro fertilization display a differential sensitivity to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Mutat Res 538 (2003) 163-170
    • (2003) Mutat Res , vol.538 , pp. 163-170
    • Beraldi, R.1    Sciamanna, I.2    Mangiacasale, R.3    Lorenzini, R.4    Spadafora, C.5
  • 17
    • 0026248403 scopus 로고
    • The effect of alternating electric field of industrial frequency on testicles of white mice
    • Ivanova L.A., and Kartashev A.G. The effect of alternating electric field of industrial frequency on testicles of white mice. Fiziol Zh 37 (1991) 71-78
    • (1991) Fiziol Zh , vol.37 , pp. 71-78
    • Ivanova, L.A.1    Kartashev, A.G.2
  • 21
    • 0032823972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal periconceptional use of electric bed-heating devices and risk for neural tube defects and orofacial clefts
    • Shaw G.M., Nelson V., Todoroff K., Wasserman C.R., and Neutra R.R. Maternal periconceptional use of electric bed-heating devices and risk for neural tube defects and orofacial clefts. Teratology 60 (1999) 124-129
    • (1999) Teratology , vol.60 , pp. 124-129
    • Shaw, G.M.1    Nelson, V.2    Todoroff, K.3    Wasserman, C.R.4    Neutra, R.R.5
  • 22
    • 77952111029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Environmental Health Criteria 238 EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY FIELDS
    • WHO Environmental Health Criteria 238 EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY FIELDS. 2007.
    • (2007)
  • 24
    • 0025963359 scopus 로고
    • Cytogenetic effects of pulsing electromagnetic field on human lymphocytes in vitro: chromosome aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges and cell kinetics
    • Khalil A.M., and Qassem W. Cytogenetic effects of pulsing electromagnetic field on human lymphocytes in vitro: chromosome aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges and cell kinetics. Mutat Res 247 (1991) 141-146
    • (1991) Mutat Res , vol.247 , pp. 141-146
    • Khalil, A.M.1    Qassem, W.2
  • 26
    • 0024802968 scopus 로고
    • Exposure of human cells to low-frequency electromagnetic field results in quantitative changes in transcripts
    • Goodman R., Wei L.X., Xu J.C., and Anderson S.C. Exposure of human cells to low-frequency electromagnetic field results in quantitative changes in transcripts. Biochim Biophys Acta 1009 (1989) 216-220
    • (1989) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1009 , pp. 216-220
    • Goodman, R.1    Wei, L.X.2    Xu, J.C.3    Anderson, S.C.4
  • 28
    • 0037179151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of DNA strand breaks by intermittent exposure to extremelylow-frequency electromagnetic fields in human fibroblasts
    • Ivancsits S., Diem E., Pilger A., Rudiger H.W., and Jahn O. Induction of DNA strand breaks by intermittent exposure to extremelylow-frequency electromagnetic fields in human fibroblasts. Mutat Res 26 (2002) 1-13
    • (2002) Mutat Res , vol.26 , pp. 1-13
    • Ivancsits, S.1    Diem, E.2    Pilger, A.3    Rudiger, H.W.4    Jahn, O.5
  • 29
    • 15044348898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 50-Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field enhance cell proliferation and DNA damage: possible involvement of a redox mechanism
    • Wolf F.I., Torsello A., Tedesco B., Fasanella B., Boninsegna A., D'Ascenzo, et al. 50-Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field enhance cell proliferation and DNA damage: possible involvement of a redox mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta 1743 (2005) 120-129
    • (2005) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1743 , pp. 120-129
    • Wolf, F.I.1    Torsello, A.2    Tedesco, B.3    Fasanella, B.4    Boninsegna, A.5    D'Ascenzo6
  • 30
    • 22144444547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal damage in human diploid fibroblasts by intermittent exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields
    • Winker R., Ivancsits S., Pilger A., Adlkofer F., and Rüdiger H.W. Chromosomal damage in human diploid fibroblasts by intermittent exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Mutat Res 585 (2005) 43-49
    • (2005) Mutat Res , vol.585 , pp. 43-49
    • Winker, R.1    Ivancsits, S.2    Pilger, A.3    Adlkofer, F.4    Rüdiger, H.W.5
  • 31
    • 55349145975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extremely low frequency magnetic fields cause oxidative DNA damage in rats
    • Yokus B., Akdag M.Z., Dasdag S., Cakir D.U., and Kizil M. Extremely low frequency magnetic fields cause oxidative DNA damage in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 84 (2008) 789-795
    • (2008) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.84 , pp. 789-795
    • Yokus, B.1    Akdag, M.Z.2    Dasdag, S.3    Cakir, D.U.4    Kizil, M.5
  • 34
    • 0029396757 scopus 로고
    • Influence of combined ac-dc magnetic fields on free radicals in organized and biological systems. Development of a model and application of the radical pair mechanism to radicals in micelles
    • Scaiano J.C., Cozens F.L., and Mohtat N. Influence of combined ac-dc magnetic fields on free radicals in organized and biological systems. Development of a model and application of the radical pair mechanism to radicals in micelles. Photochem Photobiol 2 (1995) 818-829
    • (1995) Photochem Photobiol , vol.2 , pp. 818-829
    • Scaiano, J.C.1    Cozens, F.L.2    Mohtat, N.3
  • 35
    • 0034839190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of phagocytosis and free radical production in murine macrophages by 50 Hz electromagnetic fields
    • Simkò M., Droste S., Kriehuber R., and Weiss D.G. Stimulation of phagocytosis and free radical production in murine macrophages by 50 Hz electromagnetic fields. Eur J Cell Biol 80 (2001) 562-566
    • (2001) Eur J Cell Biol , vol.80 , pp. 562-566
    • Simkò, M.1    Droste, S.2    Kriehuber, R.3    Weiss, D.G.4
  • 36
    • 7944230359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifty-hertz fields induce radical formation in mouse bone marrow-derived promyocytes and macrophages
    • Rollwitz J., Lupke M., and Simko' M. Fifty-hertz fields induce radical formation in mouse bone marrow-derived promyocytes and macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta 1674 (2004) 231-238
    • (2004) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1674 , pp. 231-238
    • Rollwitz, J.1    Lupke, M.2    Simko', M.3
  • 37
    • 33846525979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of 50 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic field on the morphology and function of boar spermatozoa capacitated in vitro
    • Bernabo' N., Tettamanti E., Pistilli M.G., Nardinocchi D., Berardinelli P., Mattioli M., et al. Effects of 50 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic field on the morphology and function of boar spermatozoa capacitated in vitro. Theriogenology 67 (2007) 801-815
    • (2007) Theriogenology , vol.67 , pp. 801-815
    • Bernabo', N.1    Tettamanti, E.2    Pistilli, M.G.3    Nardinocchi, D.4    Berardinelli, P.5    Mattioli, M.6
  • 38
    • 27644572736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the endocannabinoid system in boar spermatozoa and implications for sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction
    • Maccarrone M., Barboni B., Paradisi A., Bernabò N., Gasperi V., Pistilli, et al. Characterization of the endocannabinoid system in boar spermatozoa and implications for sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. J Cell Sci 118 (2005) 4393-4404
    • (2005) J Cell Sci , vol.118 , pp. 4393-4404
    • Maccarrone, M.1    Barboni, B.2    Paradisi, A.3    Bernabò, N.4    Gasperi, V.5    Pistilli6
  • 39
    • 0031826410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA are associated with the decline of motility and fertility of human spermatozoa
    • Kao S.H., Chao H.T., and Wei Y.H. Multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA are associated with the decline of motility and fertility of human spermatozoa. Mol Hum Reprod 4 (1998) 657-666
    • (1998) Mol Hum Reprod , vol.4 , pp. 657-666
    • Kao, S.H.1    Chao, H.T.2    Wei, Y.H.3
  • 40
    • 0031735485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanded cumuli induce acrosome reaction in boar sperm
    • Mattioli M., Lucidi P., and Barboni B. Expanded cumuli induce acrosome reaction in boar sperm. Mol Reprod Dev 51 (1998) 445-453
    • (1998) Mol Reprod Dev , vol.51 , pp. 445-453
    • Mattioli, M.1    Lucidi, P.2    Barboni, B.3
  • 41
    • 0028813607 scopus 로고
    • Influence of progesterone on boar sperm capacitation
    • Barboni B., Mattioli M., and Seren E. Influence of progesterone on boar sperm capacitation. J Endocrinol 144 (1995) 1-8
    • (1995) J Endocrinol , vol.144 , pp. 1-8
    • Barboni, B.1    Mattioli, M.2    Seren, E.3
  • 42
    • 0027420594 scopus 로고
    • Actin polymerization in boar spermatozoa: fertilization is reduced with use of cytochalasin D
    • Castellani-Ceresa L., Mattioli M., Radaelli G., Barboni B., and Brivio M.F. Actin polymerization in boar spermatozoa: fertilization is reduced with use of cytochalasin D. Mol Reprod Dev 36 (1993) 203-211
    • (1993) Mol Reprod Dev , vol.36 , pp. 203-211
    • Castellani-Ceresa, L.1    Mattioli, M.2    Radaelli, G.3    Barboni, B.4    Brivio, M.F.5
  • 43
    • 0031418912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro penetration of pig oocytes in a modified Tris-buffered medium: effect of BSA, caffeine and calcium
    • Abeydeera L.R., and Day B.N. In vitro penetration of pig oocytes in a modified Tris-buffered medium: effect of BSA, caffeine and calcium. Theriogenology 48 (1997) 537-544
    • (1997) Theriogenology , vol.48 , pp. 537-544
    • Abeydeera, L.R.1    Day, B.N.2
  • 44
    • 0030954826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertilization and subsequent development in vitro of pig oocytes inseminated in a modified Tris-buffered medium with frozen-thawed ejaculated spermatozoa
    • Abeydeera L.R., and nad Day B.N. Fertilization and subsequent development in vitro of pig oocytes inseminated in a modified Tris-buffered medium with frozen-thawed ejaculated spermatozoa. Biol Reprod 57 (1997) 729-734
    • (1997) Biol Reprod , vol.57 , pp. 729-734
    • Abeydeera, L.R.1    nad Day, B.N.2
  • 46
    • 33244497610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatio-temporal analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and blood vessel remodelling in pig ovarian follicles during the periovulatory period
    • Martelli A., Berardinell P., Russo V., Mauro A., Bernabò N., Gioia L., Mattioli M., and Barboni B. Spatio-temporal analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and blood vessel remodelling in pig ovarian follicles during the periovulatory period. J Mol Endocrinol 36 (2006) 107-119
    • (2006) J Mol Endocrinol , vol.36 , pp. 107-119
    • Martelli, A.1    Berardinell, P.2    Russo, V.3    Mauro, A.4    Bernabò, N.5    Gioia, L.6    Mattioli, M.7    Barboni, B.8
  • 47
    • 17444395254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Porcine embryo development and fragmentation and their relation to apoptotic markers: a cinematographic and confocal laser scanning microscopic study
    • Mateusen B., Van Soom A., Maes D., Donnay I., Duchateau L., and Lequarre A. Porcine embryo development and fragmentation and their relation to apoptotic markers: a cinematographic and confocal laser scanning microscopic study. Reproduction 129 (2005) 443-452
    • (2005) Reproduction , vol.129 , pp. 443-452
    • Mateusen, B.1    Van Soom, A.2    Maes, D.3    Donnay, I.4    Duchateau, L.5    Lequarre, A.6
  • 52
    • 0034295133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of low frequency, low amplitude magnetic fields on the permeability of cationic liposomes entrapping carbonic anhydrase.I. Evidence for charged lipid involvement
    • Ramundo-Orlando A., Morbiducci U., Mossa G., and D'Inzeo G. Effect of low frequency, low amplitude magnetic fields on the permeability of cationic liposomes entrapping carbonic anhydrase.I. Evidence for charged lipid involvement. Bioelectromagnetics 21 (2000) 491-498
    • (2000) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.21 , pp. 491-498
    • Ramundo-Orlando, A.1    Morbiducci, U.2    Mossa, G.3    D'Inzeo, G.4
  • 53
    • 0019459604 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of spermatozoa in the utero-tubal junction and isthmus of pigs, and their relationship with the luminal epithelium after mating: a scanning electron microscope study
    • Fléchon J.E., and Hunter R.H. Distribution of spermatozoa in the utero-tubal junction and isthmus of pigs, and their relationship with the luminal epithelium after mating: a scanning electron microscope study. Tissue Cell 13 (1981) 127-139
    • (1981) Tissue Cell , vol.13 , pp. 127-139
    • Fléchon, J.E.1    Hunter, R.H.2
  • 55
    • 0346098209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capacitation of mammalian spermatozoa in vivo, with a specific focus on events in the Fallopian tubes
    • Hunter R.H., and Rodriguez-Martinez H. Capacitation of mammalian spermatozoa in vivo, with a specific focus on events in the Fallopian tubes. Mol Reprod Dev 67 (2004) 243-250
    • (2004) Mol Reprod Dev , vol.67 , pp. 243-250
    • Hunter, R.H.1    Rodriguez-Martinez, H.2
  • 56
    • 21844475899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Fallopian tubes in domestic mammals: how vital is their physiological activity?
    • Hunter R.H. The Fallopian tubes in domestic mammals: how vital is their physiological activity?. Reprod Nutr Dev. 45 (2005) 281-290
    • (2005) Reprod Nutr Dev. , vol.45 , pp. 281-290
    • Hunter, R.H.1
  • 57
    • 0033919774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the Porcine Oviduct-Specific Glycoprotein on Fertilization, Polyspermy, and Embryonic Development In Vitro
    • Kouba A., Abeydeera A., Alvarez I., Day A., and Buhi W. Effects of the Porcine Oviduct-Specific Glycoprotein on Fertilization, Polyspermy, and Embryonic Development In Vitro. Biol Reprod 63 (2000) 242-250
    • (2000) Biol Reprod , vol.63 , pp. 242-250
    • Kouba, A.1    Abeydeera, A.2    Alvarez, I.3    Day, A.4    Buhi, W.5
  • 58
    • 0042863046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oviduct-Specific Glycoprotein Modulates Sperm-Zona Binding and Improves efficiency of Porcine Fertilization In Vitro
    • McCauley T., Buhi M., Wu G., Mao J., Caaman J., Didion B., and Day B. Oviduct-Specific Glycoprotein Modulates Sperm-Zona Binding and Improves efficiency of Porcine Fertilization In Vitro. Biol Reprod 69 (2003) 828-834
    • (2003) Biol Reprod , vol.69 , pp. 828-834
    • McCauley, T.1    Buhi, M.2    Wu, G.3    Mao, J.4    Caaman, J.5    Didion, B.6    Day, B.7
  • 59
    • 57349123487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oviduct-specific glycoprotein and heparin modulate sperm-zona pellucida interaction during fertilization and contribute to the control of polyspermy
    • Coy P., Cánovas S., Mondéjar I., Saavedra M.D., Romar R., Grullón L., et al. Oviduct-specific glycoprotein and heparin modulate sperm-zona pellucida interaction during fertilization and contribute to the control of polyspermy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 (2008) 15809-15814
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 15809-15814
    • Coy, P.1    Cánovas, S.2    Mondéjar, I.3    Saavedra, M.D.4    Romar, R.5    Grullón, L.6
  • 60
    • 0036184609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth factors and function in the human and mouse preimplantation embryo
    • Hardy K., and Spanos S. Growth factors and function in the human and mouse preimplantation embryo. J Endocrionl 172 (2002) 221-236
    • (2002) J Endocrionl , vol.172 , pp. 221-236
    • Hardy, K.1    Spanos, S.2
  • 61
    • 0027481341 scopus 로고
    • A review of in vitro studies: low-frequency electromagnetic fields
    • Cleary S.F. A review of in vitro studies: low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 54 (1993) 178-185
    • (1993) Am Ind Hyg Assoc J , vol.54 , pp. 178-185
    • Cleary, S.F.1
  • 62
    • 0030175436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the biological aspects of in vitro studies in bioelectromagnetics
    • Saffer J.D., and Phillips J.L. Evaluating the biological aspects of in vitro studies in bioelectromagnetics. Bioelectrochem Bioenerget 40 (1996) 1-7
    • (1996) Bioelectrochem Bioenerget , vol.40 , pp. 1-7
    • Saffer, J.D.1    Phillips, J.L.2
  • 63
    • 0037094014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding conditions for which biological effects of nonionizing electromagnetic fields can be expected
    • Weaver C.W. Understanding conditions for which biological effects of nonionizing electromagnetic fields can be expected. Bioelectrochem 56 (2002) 207-209
    • (2002) Bioelectrochem , vol.56 , pp. 207-209
    • Weaver, C.W.1
  • 64
    • 77952103346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICNIRP Guidelines on limits of exposure to static magnetic fields
    • ICNIRP Guidelines on limits of exposure to static magnetic fields, 2008.
    • (2008)
  • 65
    • 77952109970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Fact Sheet N205. Available at:, Accessed 9 September 2009
    • WHO Fact Sheet N205. Available at: http://www.who.int/docstore/peh-MF/publications/facts_press/efact/efs205.html. Accessed 9 September 2009.
  • 66
    • 77952102779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIEHS. Available at:, Accessed 9 September 2009
    • NIEHS. Available at: http://www.niehs.nih.gov/MFrapid/html/Q&AWorkplace.html. Accessed 9 September 2009.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.