Grating dynamics in a photorefractive polymer with Alq3 electron traps

Optics Express

Volumn 18, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 9358-9365

  Christenson, C W ^a   Thomas, J ^a   Blanche, P A ^a   Voorakaranam, R ^a   Norwood, R A ^a   Yamamoto, M ^b   Peyghambarian, N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b Biomedical Group   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC BREAKDOWN; PHASE STABILITY; PHOTOREACTIVITY; PHOTOREFRACTIVE MATERIALS;

BIPOLAR CHARGE; BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE; CONTROL SAMPLES; DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN STRENGTH; ELECTRON TRANSPORTING; HIGHER DIFFRACTION; LOW CONCENTRATIONS; PHOTOREFRACTIVE POLYMER COMPOSITES; PHOTOREFRACTIVE POLYMERS; RESPONSE TIME; TRAPPING SITES; TRIS(8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE) ALUMINUM; TWO-BEAM COUPLING;

POLYMERS;

EID: 77952082620     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.009358     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. S. Ducharme, J. C. Scott, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, "Observation of the photorefractive effect in a polymer," Phys. Rev. Lett. 66(14), 1846-1849 (1991).
2. J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, "Photorefractive Polymers for Dynamic Holography," in New Directions in Holography and Speckle, H. J. Caulfield and C. S. Vikram, eds. (American Scientific, 2008).
3. B. L. Volodin, B. Kippelen, K. Meerholz, B. Javidi, and N. Peyghambarian, "Polymer optical pattern-recognition system for security verification," Nature 383(6595), 58-60 (1996).
4. J. G. Winiarz, F. Ghebremichael, J. Thomas, G. Meredith, and N. Peyghambarian, "Dynamic correction of a distorted image using a photorefractive polymeric composite," Opt. Express 12(11), 2517-2528 (2004).
5. S. Tay, J. Thomas, M. Eralp, G. Li, B. Kippelen, S. R. Marder, G. Meredith, A. Schülzgen, and N. Peyghambarian, "Photorefractive polymer composite operating at the optical communication wavelength of 1550nm," Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(20), 4561-4563 (2004).
6. M. Salvador, J. Prauzner, S. Köber, K. Meerholz, J. J. Turek, K. Jeong, and D. D. Nolte, "Thee-dimensional holographic imaging of living tissue using a highly sensitive photorefractive polymer device," Opt. Express 17(14), 11834-11849 (2009).
7. S. Tay, P.-A. Blanche, R. Voorakaranam, A. V. Tunç, W. Lin, S. Rokutanda, T. Gu, D. Flores, P. Wang, G. Li, P. St Hilaire, J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, M. Yamamoto, and N. Peyghambarian, "An updatable holographic three-dimensional display," Nature 451(7179), 694-698 (2008).
8. P.-A. Blanche, S. Tay, R. Voorakaranam, P. Saint-Hilaire, C. Christenson, T. Gu, W. Lin, D. Flores, P. Wang, M. Yamamoto, J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, "An updatable holographic display for 3D visualization," J. Disp. Technol. 4(4), 424-430 (2008).
9. K. Meerholz, B. L. Volodin, B. Sandalphon, B. Kippelen, and N. Peyghambarian, "A photorefractive polymer with high optical gain and diffraction efficiency near 100%," Nature 371(6497), 497-500 (1994).
10. M. Eralp, J. Thomas, S. Tay, G. Li, A. Schülzgen, R. A. Norwood, M. Yamamoto, and N. Peyghambarian, "Submillisecond response of a photorefractive polymer under single nanosecond pulse exposure," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(11), 114105 (2006).
11. J. Thomas, R. A. Norwood, and N. Peyghambarian, "Non-linear optical polymers for photorefractive applications," J. Mater. Chem. 19(40), 7476-7489 (2009).
12. G. G. Malliaras, V. V. Krasnikov, H. J. Bolink, and G. Hadziioannou, "Control of charge trapping in a photorefractive polymer," Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(9), 1038-1040 (1995).
13. O. Ostroverkhova, and K. D. Singer, "Space-charge dynamics in photorefractive polymers," J. Appl. Phys. 92(4), 1727-1743 (2002).
14. J.-W. Oh, C. Lee, and N. Kim, "The effect of trap density on the space charge formation in polymeric photorefractive composites," J. Chem. Phys. 130(13), 134909 (2009).
15. J. Zhang, J. Chen, Y. Liu, M. Huang, Q. Wei, and Q. Gong, "Improvement on the photorefractive performance of a monolithic molecular material by introducing electron traps," Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(8), 1323-1325 (2004).
16. 3," J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 6(9), 890-893 (2004).
17. J. Thomas, C. Fuentes-Hernandez, M. Yamamoto, K. Cammack, K. Matsumoto, G. A. Walker, S. Barlow, B. Kippelen, G. Meredith, S. R. Marder, and N. Peyghambarian, "Bistriarylamine polymer-based composites for photorefractive applications," Adv. Mater. 16(22), 2032-2036 (2004).
18. A. Grunnet-Jepsen, C. L. Thompson, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, "Amplified scattering in a high-gain photorefractive polymer," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15(2), 901-904 (1998).
19. S. Zhivkova, and M. Miteva, "Holographic recording in photorefractive crystals with simultaneous electron-hole transport and two active centers," J. Appl. Phys. 68(7), 3099-3103 (1990).
20. S. M. Silence, C. A. Walsh, J. C. Scott, T. J. Matray, R. J. Twieg, F. Hache, G. C. Bjorklund, and W. E. Moerner, "Subsecond grating growth in a photorefractive polymer," Opt. Lett. 17(16), 1107-1109 (1992).
21. L. Wang, M.-K. Ng, and L. Yu, "Photorefraction and complementary grating competition in bipolar transport molecular material," Phys. Rev. B 62(8), 4973-4984 (2000).
22. M. C. Bashaw, T.-P. Ma, R. C. Barker, S. Mroczkowski, and R. R. Dube, "Theory of complementary holograms arising from electron-hole transport in photorefractive media," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 7(12), 2329-2338 (1990).
23. Y. Ohmori, A. Fujii, M. Uchida, C. Morishima, and K. Yoshino, "Fabrication and optical characteristics of an organic multi-layer structure utilizing 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminium/aromatic diamine and its application for an electroluminescent diode," J. Phys. Condens. Matter 5(43), 7979-7986 (1993).
24. 60 bonding and energy-level alignment on metal and seminconductor surfaces," Phys. Rev. B 44(24), 13747-13755 (1991).