Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography use in macular diseases: A review

Ophthalmologica

Volumn 224, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 333-340

  Wolf, Sebastian ^a,b   Wolf Schnurrbusch, Ute ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Macular disease; Medical retina; Optical coherence tomography

Indexed keywords

BRUCH MEMBRANE; CENTRAL SEROUS RETINOPATHY; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CONFOCAL LASER MICROSCOPY; DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE; IMAGING SYSTEM; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; OCULAR ALBINISM; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; RETINA MACULA AGE RELATED DEGENERATION; RETINA MACULA CYSTOID EDEMA; RETINA MACULA DEGENERATION; RETINA MACULA EDEMA; RETINA MACULA HOLE; RETINA MACULA VITELLIFORM DEGENERATION; RETINA MACULOPATHY; REVIEW; SPECTRAL DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; SUBRETINAL FLUID; VITREOMACULAR TRACTION SYNDROME; VOGT KOYANAGI SYNDROME;

ANIMALS; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE; HUMANS; MACULA LUTEA; MACULAR DEGENERATION; MACULAR EDEMA; MYOPIA; RETINA; RETINAL DEGENERATION; RETINAL DISEASES; RETINAL PERFORATIONS; TOMOGRAPHY, OPTICAL COHERENCE; VITREOUS BODY;

EID: 77951954426     PISSN: 00303755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000313814     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Fercher AF, Mengedoht K, Werner W: Eyelength measurement by interferometry with partially coherent light. Opt Lett 1988; 13: 186-188.
2. Hee MR, Puliafito C, Carlton W, Duker J, Reichel E, Rutledge B, Schuman J, Swanson E, Fujimoto J: Quantitative assessment of macular edema with optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol 1995; 113: 1019-1029.
3. Hee MR, Puliafito Ca, Wong C, Duker JS, Reichel E, Schuman JS, Swanson EA, Fujimoto JG: Optical coherence tomography of macular holes. Ophthalmology 1995; 102: 748-756.
4. Hee MR, Puliafito CA, Wong C, Duker JS, Reichel E, Rutledge B, Schuman JS, Swanson EA, Fujimoto JG: Quantitative assessment of macular edema with optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol 1995; 113: 1019-1029.
5. Puliafito CA, Hee MR, Lin CP, Reichel E, Schuman JS, Duker JS, Izatt JA, Swanson EA, Fujimoto JG: Imaging of macular diseases with optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 1995; 102: 217-229.
6. Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP, Schuman JS, Stinson WG, Chang W, Hee MR, Flotte T, Gregory K, Puliafito CA, et al: Optical coherence tomography. Science 1991; 254: 1178-1181.
7. Barbazetto I, Burdan A, Bressler NM, Bressler SB, Haynes L, Kapetanios AD, Lukas J, Olsen K, Potter M, Reaves A, Rosenfeld P, Schachat AP, Strong HA, Wenkenstern A: Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization with verteporfin: fluorescein angiographic guidelines for evaluation and treatment - TAP and VIP report No 2. Arch Ophthalmol 2003; 121: 1253-1268.
8. Hee MR: Artifacts in optical coherence tomography topographic maps. Am J Ophthalmol 2005; 139: 154-155.
9. Massin P, Erginay A, Haouchine B, Mehidi AB, Paques M, Gaudric A: Retinal thickness in healthy and diabetic subjects measured using optical coherence tomography mapping software. Eur J Ophthalmol 2002; 12: 102-108.
10. Arvas S, Akar S, Yolar M, Yetik H, Kizilkaya M, Ozkan S: Optical coherence tomography and angiography in patients with angioid streaks. Eur J Ophthalmol 2002; 12: 473-481.
11. Brinkmann CK, Wolf S, Wolf-Schnurrbusch UE: Multimodal imaging in macular diagnostics: combined OCT-SLO improves therapeutical monitoring. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008; 246: 9-16.
12. Brown JC, Solomon SD, Bressler SB, Schachat AP, DiBernardo C, Bressler NM: Detection of diabetic foveal edema: contact lens biomicroscopy compared with optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol 2004; 122: 330-335.
13. Chang LK, Koizumi H, Spaide RF: Disruption of the photoreceptor inner segment-outer segment junction in eyes with macular holes. Retina 2008; 28: 969-975.
14. Chang LK, Fine HF, Spaide RF, Koizumi H, Grossniklaus HE: Ultrastructural correlation of spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic findings in vitreomacular traction syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 146: 121-127.
15. De Bruin DM, Burnes D, Loewenstein J, Chen Y, Chang S, Chen T, Esmaili D, de Boer JF: In vivo three-dimensional imaging of neovascular age related macular degeneration using optical frequency domain imaging at 1,050 nm. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49: 4545-4552.
16. Fleckenstein M, Charbel Issa P, Helb HM, Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Finger RP, Scholl HP, Loeffler KU, Holz FG: High-resolution spectral domain-OCT imaging in geographic atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49: 4137-4144.
17. Frank RN, Schulz L, Abe K, Iezzi R: Temporal variation in diabetic macular edema measured by optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2004; 111: 211-217. (Pubitemid 38183216)
18. Kim BY, Smith SD, Kaiser PK: Optical coherence tomographic patterns of diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 142: 405-412.
19. Ko TH, Witkin AJ, Fujimoto JG, Chan A, Rogers AH, Baumal CR, Schuman JS, Drexler W, Reichel E, Duker JS: Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of surgically closed macular holes. Arch Ophthalmol 2006; 124: 827-836. (Pubitemid 43877676)
20. Koizumi H, Spaide RF, Fisher YL, Freund KB, Klancnik JM Jr, Yannuzzi LA: Three-dimensional evaluation of vitreomacular traction and epiretinal membrane using spectral- domain optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 145: 509-517.
21. Massin P, Duguid G, Erginay A, Haouchine B, Gaudric A: Optical coherence tomography for evaluating diabetic macular edema before and after vitrectomy. Am J Ophthalmol 2003; 135: 169-177.
22. Wolf-Schnurrbusch UE, Enzmann V, Brinkmann CK, Wolf S: Morphologic changes in patients with geographic atrophy assessed with a novel spectral OCT-SLO combination. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49: 3095-3099.
23. Yi K, Mujat M, Park BH, Sun W, Miller JW, Seddon JM, Young LH, de Boer JF, Chen TC: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography for quantitative evaluation of drusen and associated structural changes in nonneovascular age related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 93: 176-181.
24. Drexler W, Fujimoto JG: State-of-the-art retinal optical coherence tomography. Prog Retin Eye Res 2008; 27: 45-88.
25. Thomas D, Duguid G: Optical coherence tomography - A review of the principles and contemporary uses in retinal investigation. Eye 2004; 18: 561-570.
26. Zysk AM, Nguyen FT, Oldenburg AL, Marks DL, Boppart SA: Optical coherence tomography: a review of clinical development from bench to bedside. J Biomed Opt 2007; 12: 051403.
27. Jaffe GJ, Caprioli J: Optical coherence tomography to detect and manage retinal disease and glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2004; 137: 156-169. (Pubitemid 38045202)
28. Podoleanu AG, Rosen RB: Combinations of techniques in imaging the retina with high resolution. Prog Retin Eye Res 2008; 27: 464-499.
29. Massin P, Girach A, Erginay A, Gaudric A: Optical coherence tomography: a key to the future management of patients with diabetic macular oedema. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2006; 84: 466-474.
30. Virgili G, Menchini F, Dimastrogiovanni AF, Rapizzi E, Menchini U, Bandello F, Chiodini RG: Optical coherence tomography versus stereoscopic fundus photography or biomicroscopy for diagnosing diabetic macular edema: a systematic review. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48: 4963-4973.
31. Mirza RG, Johnson MW, Jampol LM: Optical coherence tomography use in evaluation of the vitreoretinal interface: a review. Surv Ophthalmol 2007; 52: 397-421.
32. Leitgeb R, Wojtkowski M, Kowalczyk A, Hitzenberger CK, Sticker M, Fercher AF: Spectral measurement of absorption by spectroscopic frequency-domain optical coherence tomography. Opt Lett 2000; 25: 820-822.
33. Wojtkowski M, Kowalczyk A, Leitgeb R, Fercher AF: Full range complex spectral optical coherence tomography technique in eye imaging. Opt Lett 2002; 27: 1415-1417.
34. Drexler W, Sattmann H, Hermann B, Ko TH, Stur M, Unterhuber A, Scholda C, Findl O, Wirtitsch M, Fujimoto JG, Fercher AF: Enhanced visualization of macular pathology with the use of ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol 2003; 121: 695-706.
35. Puvanathasan P, Forbes P, Ren Z, Malchow D, Boyd S, Bizheva K: High-speed, high-resolution Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography system for retinal imaging in the 1,060 nm wavelength region. Opt Lett 2008; 33: 2479-2481.
36. Makita S, Fabritius T, Yasuno Y: Full-range, high-speed, high-resolution 1 microm spectral- domain optical coherence tomography using BM-scan for volumetric imaging of the human posterior eye. Opt Express 2008; 16: 8406-8420.
37. Huber R, Adler DC, Srinivasan VJ, Fujimoto JG: Fourier domain mode locking at 1,050 nm for ultra-high-speed optical coherence tomography of the human retina at 236,000 axial scans per second. Opt Lett 2007; 32: 2049-2051. (Pubitemid 351389970)
38. Legarreta JE, Gregori G, Knighton RW, Punjabi OS, Lalwani GA, Puliafito CA: Threedimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images of the retina in the presence of epiretinal membranes. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 145: 1023-1030.
39. Legarreta JE, Gregori G, Punjabi OS, Knighton RW, Lalwani GA, Puliafito CA: Macular thickness measurements in normal eyes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008; 39:S43-S49.
40. Ruggeri M, Wehbe H, Jiao S, Gregori G, Jockovich ME, Hackam A, Duan Y, Puliafito CA: In vivo three-dimensional high-resolution imaging of rodent retina with spectraldomain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48: 1808-1814.
41. Wojtkowski M, Srinivasan V, Fujimoto JG, Ko T, Schuman JS, Kowalczyk A, Duker JS: Three-dimensional retinal imaging with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2005; 112: 1734-1746. (Pubitemid 41400010)
42. Wolf-Schnurrbusch UE, Ceklic L, Brinkmann CK, Iliev ME, Frey M, Rothenbuehler SP, Enzmann V, Wolf S: Macular thickness measurements in healthy eyes using six different optical coherence tomography instruments. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50: 3432-3437.
43. Leung CK, Cheung CY, Weinreb RN, Lee G, Lin D, Pang CP, Lam DS: Comparison of macular thickness measurements between time domain and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49: 4893-4897.
44. Sayanagi K, Sharma S, Yamamoto T, Kaiser PK: Comparison of spectral-domain versus time-domain optical coherence tomography in management of age-related macular degeneration with ranibizumab. Ophthalmology 2009; 116: 947-955.
45. Sayanagi K, Sharma S, Kaiser PK: Comparison of retinal thickness measurements between three-dimensional and radial scans on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 148: 431-438.
46. Huang J, Liu X, Wu Z, Xiao H, Dustin L, Sadda S: Macular thickness measurements in normal eyes with time-domain and Fourierdomain optical coherence tomography. Retina 2009; 29: 980-987.
47. Ho J, Sull AC, Vuong LN, Chen Y, Liu J, Fujimoto JG, Schuman JS, Duker JS: Assessment of artifacts and reproducibility across spectral- and time-domain optical coherence tomography devices. Ophthalmology 2009; 116: 1960-1970.
48. Han IC, Jaffe GJ: Comparison of spectraland time-domain optical coherence tomography for retinal thickness measurements in healthy and diseased eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 147: 847-858, 858.e.1.
49. Carpineto P, Nubile M, Toto L, Aharrh Gnama A, Marcucci L, Mastropasqua L, Ciancaglini M: Correlation in foveal thickness measurements between spectral-domain and time-domain optical coherence tomography in normal individuals. Eye 2009, E-pub ahead of print.
50. Bruce A, Pacey IE, Dharni P, Scally AJ, Barrett BT: Repeatability and reproducibility of macular thickness measurements using Fourier domain optical coherence tomography. Open Ophthalmol J 2009; 3: 10-14.
51. Balasubramanian M, Bowd C, Vizzeri G, Weinreb RN, Zangwill LM: Effect of image quality on tissue thickness measurements obtained with spectral domain-optical coherence tomography. Opt Express 2009; 17: 4019-4036.
52. Prakash G, Agarwal A, Jacob S, Kumar DA, Banerjee R: Comparison of Fourier-domain and time-domain optical coherence tomography for assessment of corneal thickness and intersession repeatability. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 148: 282-290.
53. Yi K, Mujat M, Park BH, Sun W, Miller JW, Seddon JM, Young LH, de Boer JF, Chen TC: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography for quantitative evaluation of drusen and associated structural changes in nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93: 176-181.
54. Helb HM, Issa PC, Fleckenstein M, Schmitz- Valckenberg S, Scholl HP, Meyer CH, Eter N, Holz FG: Clinical evaluation of simultaneous confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging combined with high-resolution, spectral- domain optical coherence tomography. Acta Ophthalmol 2009, E-pub ahead of print.
55. Cukras C, Wang YD, Meyerle CB, Forooghian F, Chew EY, Wong WT: Optical coherence tomography-based decision making in exudative age-related macular degeneration: comparison of time- vs spectral-domain devices. Eye 2009, E-pub ahead of print.
56. Menke MN, Dabov S, Sturm V: Features of age-related macular degeneration assessed with three-dimensional Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92: 1492-1497.
57. Khanifar AA, Koreishi AF, Izatt JA, Toth CA: Drusen ultrastructure imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2008; 115: 1883-1890.
58. Yeung L, Lima VC, Garcia P, Landa G, Rosen RB: Correlation between spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings and fluorescein angiography patterns in diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2009; 116: 1158-1167.
59. Koleva-Georgieva D, Sivkova N: Assessment of serous macular detachment in eyes with diabetic macular edema by use of spectraldomain optical coherence tomography. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009; 247: 1461-1469.
60. Forooghian F, Cukras C, Meyerle CB, Chew EY, Wong WT: Evaluation of time domain and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in the measurement of diabetic macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49: 4290-4296.
61. Kay CN, Gendy MG, Lujan BJ, Punjabi OS, Gregori G, Flynn HW Jr: Composite spectral domain optical coherence tomography images of diabetic tractional retinal detachment. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008; 39:S99-S103.
62. Punjabi OS, Flynn HW Jr, Knighton RW, Gregori G, Couvillion SS, Lalwani GL, Puliafito CA: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography for proliferative diabetic retinopathy with subhyaloid hemorrhage. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008; 39: 494-496.
63. Roesel M, Henschel A, Heinz C, Dietzel M, Spital G, Heiligenhaus A: Fundus autofluorescence and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in uveitic macular edema. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009; 247: 1685-1689.
64. Roesel M, Henschel A, Heinz C, Spital G, Heiligenhaus A: Time-domain and spectraldomain optical coherence tomography in uveitic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 146: 626-627; author reply 627-628.
65. Falkner-Radler CI, Glittenberg C, Binder S: Spectral domain high-definition optical coherence tomography in patients undergoing epiretinal membrane surgery. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009; 40: 270-276.
66. Scholda C, Wirtitsch M, Hermann B, Unterhuber A, Ergun E, Sattmann H, Ko TH, Fujimoto JG, Fercher AF, Stur M, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Drexler W: Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography of macular holes. Retina 2006; 26: 1034-1041.
67. Konidaris V, Androudi S, Brazitikos P: Myopic traction maculopathy: study with spectral domain optical coherence tomography and review of the literature. Hippokratia 2009; 13: 110-113.
68. Lalwani GA, Punjabi OS, Flynn HW Jr, Knighton RW, Puliafito CA: Documentation of optic nerve pit with macular schisis-like cavity by spectral domain OCT. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007; 38: 262-264.
69. Gregori NZ, Berrocal AM, Gregori G, Murray TG, Knighton RW, Flynn HW Jr, Dubovy S, Puliafito CA, Rosenfeld PJ: Macular spectral- domain optical coherence tomography in patients with X linked retinoschisis. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93: 373-378.
70. Gerth C, Zawadzki RJ, Werner JS, Heon E: Retinal morphological changes of patients with X-linked retinoschisis evaluated by Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol 2008; 126: 807-811. (Pubitemid 351831330)
71. Fujimoto H, Gomi F, Wakabayashi T, Sawa M, Tsujikawa M, Tano Y: Morphologic chang - es in acute central serous chorioretinopathy evaluated by Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2008; 115: 1494-1500.
72. Lim JI, Tan O, Fawzi AA, Hopkins JJ, Gil- Flamer JH, Huang D: A pilot study of Fourier- domain optical coherence tomography of retinal dystrophy patients. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 146: 417-426.
73. Maruko I, Iida T, Sekiryu T, Fujiwara T: Early morphological changes and functional abnormalities in group 2a idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and microperimetry. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92: 1488-1491.
74. Kaluzny JJ, Wojtkowski M, Sikorski BL, Szkulmowski M, Szkulmowska A, Bajraszewski T, Fujimoto JG, Duker JS, Schuman JS, Kowalczyk A: Analysis of the outer retina reconstructed by high-resolution, three-dimensional spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009; 40: 102-108.
75. Lujan BJ, Rosenfeld PJ, Gregori G, Wang F, Knighton RW, Feuer WJ, Puliafito CA: Spectral domain optical coherence tomographic imaging of geographic atrophy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009; 40: 96-101.
76. Bearelly S, Chau FY, Koreishi A, Stinnett SS, Izatt JA, Toth CA: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging of geographic atrophy margins. Ophthalmology 2009; 116: 1762-1769.
77. Brar M, Kozak I, Cheng L, Bartsch DU, Yuson R, Nigam N, Oster SF, Mojana F, Freeman WR: Correlation between spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence at the margins of geographic atrophy. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 148: 439-444.
78. Verma A, Rani PK, Raman R, Pal SS, Laxmi G, Gupta M, Sahu C, Vaitheeswaran K, Sharma T: Is neuronal dysfunction an early sign of diabetic retinopathy? Microperimetry and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) study in individuals with diabetes, but no diabetic retinopathy. Eye 2009; 23: 1824-1830.
79. Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Hayashi M, Takeuchi S: Morphological and functional analyses of diabetic macular edema by optical coherence tomography and multifocal electroretinograms. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2001; 239: 96-101.
80. Otani T, Kishi S, Maruyama Y: Patterns of diabetic macular edema with optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 1999; 127: 688-693. (Pubitemid 29266745)
81. Einbock W, Berger L, Wolf-Schnurrbusch U, Fleischhauer J, Wolf S: Predictive factors for visual acuity of patients with diabetic macular edema interpreted form the spectralis HRA+OCT (Heidelberg Engineering). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49: 3473.
82. Hangai M, Ojima Y, Gotoh N, Inoue R, Yasuno Y, Makita S, Yamanari M, Yatagai T, Kita M, Yoshimura N: Three-dimensional imaging of macular holes with high-speed optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2007; 114: 763-773. (Pubitemid 46483687)
83. Srinivasan VJ, Wojtkowski M, Witkin AJ, Duker JS, Ko TH, Carvalho M, Schuman JS, Kowalczyk A, Fujimoto JG: High-definition and 3-dimensional imaging of macular pathologies with high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2006; 113: 2054.
84. Inoue M, Watanabe Y, Arakawa A, Sato S, Kobayashi S, Kadonosono K: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images of inner/outer segment junctions and macular hole surgery outcomes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009; 247: 325-330.
85. Querques G, Regenbogen M, Soubrane G, Souied EH: High-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in multifocal vitelliform macular dystrophy. Surv Ophthalmol 2009; 54: 311-316.
86. Ohta K, Sato A, Fukui E: Spectral domain optical coherence tomographic findings at convalescent stage of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy. Clin Ophthalmol 2009; 3: 423-428.
87. Koizumi H, Maguire JI, Spaide RF: Spectral domain optical coherence tomographic findings of occult macular dystrophy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009; 40: 174-176.
88. Krivosic V, Tadayoni R, Massin P, Erginay A, Gaudric A: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography in type 2 idiopathic perifoveal telangiectasia. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009; 40: 379-384.
89. Gupta V, Gupta A, Gupta P, Sharma A: Spectral- domain cirrus optical coherence tomography of choroidal striations seen in the acute stage of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 147: 148-153 e142.
90. Kellner S, Weinitz S, Kellner U: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography detects early stages of chloroquine retinopathy similar to multifocal electroretinography, fundus autofluorescence and near-infrared autofluorescence. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93: 1444-1447.
91. Chong GT, Farsiu S, Freedman SF, Sarin N, Koreishi AF, Izatt JA, Toth CA: Abnormal foveal morphology in ocular albinism imaged with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol 2009; 127: 37-44.
92. Seeliger MW, Beck SC, Pereyra-Munoz N, Dangel S, Tsai JY, Luhmann UF, van de Pavert SA, Wijnholds J, Samardzija M, Wenzel A, Zrenner E, Narfstrom K, Fahl E, Tanimoto N, Acar N, Tonagel F: In vivo confocal imaging of the retina in animal models using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Vision Res 2005; 45: 3512-3519.
93. Chang B, Hawes NL, Hurd RE, Davisson MT, Nusinowitz S, Heckenlively JR: Retinal degeneration mutants in the mouse. Vision Res 2002; 42: 517-525.
94. Buttery RG, Hinrichsen CF, Weller WL, Haight JR: How thick should a retina be? A comparative study of mammalian species with and without intraretinal vasculature. Vision Res 1991; 31: 169-187.
95. Hanstede JG, Gerrits PO: The effects of embedding in water-soluble plastics on the final dimensions of liver sections. J Microsc 1983; 131: 79-86.
96. Fischer MD, Huber G, Beck SC, Tanimoto N, Muehlfriedel R, Fahl E, Grimm C, Wenzel A, Reme CE, van de Pavert SA, Wijnholds J, Pacal M, Bremner R, Seeliger MW: Noninvasive, in vivo assessment of mouse retinal structure using optical coherence tomography. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7507.
97. Huber G, Beck SC, Grimm C, Sahaboglu- Tekgoz A, Paquet-Durand F, Wenzel A, Humphries P, Redmond TM, Seeliger M, Fischer MD: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography in mouse models of retinal degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50: 5888-5895.