Dynamic rheological studies of poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) and carbon nanotube blends in sulfuric acid

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 1352-1364

  Cao, Yutong ^a   Liu, Zhaofeng ^a   Gao, Xianghua ^a   Yu, Junrong ^a   Hu, Zuming ^a   Liang, Ziqi ^b  

^a DONGHUA UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Liquid crystalline (LC) solution; Rheology; Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)

Indexed keywords

POLY (4 PHENYLENETEREPHTHALAMIDE); POLYAMIDE; SINGLE WALLED NANOTUBE; SULFURIC ACID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; FLOW KINETICS; FLOW MEASUREMENT; LIQUID CRYSTAL; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; PHASE TRANSITION; SHEAR STRESS; TEMPERATURE; VISCOELASTICITY; VISCOSITY;

LIQUID CRYSTALLINE (LC) SOLUTION; RHEOLOGY; SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (SWNTS);

ELASTICITY; LIQUID CRYSTALS; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; NANOTUBES, CARBON; PHTHALIC ACIDS; POLYMERS; RHEOLOGY; SULFURIC ACIDS; TEMPERATURE; VISCOSITY;

EID: 77951915609     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14220067     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijms11041352     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Friedel, G. Mesomorphic states of matter. Ann. Phys. 1922, 18, 273-474.
2. Yang H.H. Aromatic High-Strength Fibers, 1st ed.; Wiley-VCH: New York, NY, USA, 1989; pp. 207-289.
3. Zhou, M.; Frydman, V.; Frydman, L. On the Molecular organization of PPTA in sulfuric acid: an NMR study. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 19280-19288.
4. Kiyo-Oglu, V.N.; Rozhdestvenskaya, T.A.; Serova, L.D. Rheological properties of liquid-crystalline solutions of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) and behavior of the jet in spinning through an air space. Fibre Chem. 1997, 29, 81-86.
5. Picken, S.J.; Zwaag, S.V.; Northolt, M.G. Molecular and macroscopic orientational order in aramid solutions: a model to explain the influence of some spinning parameters on the modulus of aramid yarns. Polymer 1992, 33, 2998-3006.
6. Slugin, I.V.; Sklyarova, G.B.; Kashirin, AI, Tkacheva, L.V.; Komissarov, S.V. Rusar microfilament yarn for ballistic protection. Fibre Chem. 2006, 38, 22-24.
7. Picken, S.J.; Aerts, J.; Doppert, H.L.; Reuvers, A.J.; Northolt, M.G. Structure and rheology of aramid solutions: transient rheological and rheo-optical measurements. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 1366-1375.
8. Doppert, H.L.; Picken, S.J. Rheological properties of aramid solutions: transient flow and rheo-optical measurements. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1987, 153, 109-116.
9. Picken, S.J. Phase transitions and rheology of aramid solutions. Liq. Cryst. 1989, 5, 1635-1643.
10. Picken, S.J.; Aerts, J.; Visser, R. Northolt, MG. Structure and rheology of aramid solutions: X-ray scattering measurements. Macromolecules 1990, 23, 3849-3854.
11. Baird, D.G.; Ballman, R.L. Comparison of the rheological properties of concentrated solutions of a rodlike and a flexible chain polyamide. J. Rheol. 1979, 23, 505-524.
12. Baughman R.H.; Zakhidov A.A.; De Heer W.A. Carbon nanotubes--the route toward applications. Science 2002, 297, 787-792.
13. Wong, E.W.; Sheehan, P.E.; Lieber, C.M. Nanobeam mechanics: elasticity, strength, and toughness of nanorods and nanotubes. Science 1997, 277, 1971-1975.
14. Tans, S.J.; Devoret, M.H.; Dai, H.J.; Thess, A.; Smalley, R.E.; Geerligs, L.J.; Dekker, C. Individual single-wall carbon nanotubes as quantum wires. Nature 1977, 386, 474-477.
15. Treact, M.M.J.; Ebbesen, T.W.; Gibson, J.M. Exceptionally high Young's modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes. Nature 1996, 381, 678-680.
16. Lee, H.K.; Pejanovic, S.; Mondragon, I.; Mijovic, J. Dynamics of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)/polyisoprene (PI) nanocomposites in electric and mechanical fields. Polymer 2007, 48, 7345-7355.
17. Kinloch, I.A.; Roberts, S.A.; Windle, A.H. A rheological study of concentrated aqueous nanotube dispersions. Polymer 2002, 43, 7483-7491.
18. Andrews R.; Jacques, D.; Rao, A.M.; Rantell, T.; Derbyshire, F. Nanotube composite carbon fibers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75, 1329-1331.
19. Kumar, S.; Dang, T.D.; Arnold, F.E.; Bhattacharyya, A.R.; Min, B.G.; Zhang, X.; Vaia, R.A.; Park, C.; Adams, W.W.; Hauge, R.H.; Smalley, R.E.; Ramesh, S.; Willis, P.A. Synthesis, structure, and properties of PBO/SWNT composites. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 9039-9043.
20. Streekumar, T.V.; Liu, T.; Min, B.G.; Gao, H.; Kumar, S.; Hauge, R.H.; Smalley, R.E. Polyacrylonitrile single-walled carbon nanotube composite fibers. Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 58-62.
21. Davis, V.A.; Ericson, L.M.; Parra-Vasquez, A.N.G.; Fan, H.; Wang, Y.; Prieto, V.; Longoria, J.A.; Ramesh, S.; Saini, R.K.; Kittrell, C.; Billups, W.E.; Adams, W.W.; Hauge, R.H.; Smalley, R.E.; Pasquali M. Phase behavior and rheology of SWNTs in superacids. Macromolecules 2004, 37, 154-160.
22. Lin, J.P.; Wu, H.R.; Li, S.J. Kinetics of phase transition in lyotropic liquid crystalline polymers. Polym. Int. 1993, 32, 339-342.
23. Gupta, R.K. Polymer and Composite Rheology, 2nd ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, USA, 2000.
24. Schaefgen, J.R.; Foldi, V.S.; Logullo, F.M.; Good, V.H.; Gulrich, L.W.; Killian, F.L. Viscosity-molecular weight relationshios in stiff-chain aromatic polyamides. Polym. Prepr. 1976, 17, 69-74.
25. Arpin, M.; Strazielle, C. Conformation de polyamides aromatiques en solution diluée dans l'acide sulfurique concentré. 1. Étude par viscosité et diffusion de la lumière. Makromol. Chem. 1976, 177, 581-584.
26. Ramesh, S.; Ericson, L.M.; Davis, V.A.; Saini, R.K.; Kittrell, C. Pasquali, M.; Billups, W.E.; Adams, W.W.; Hauge, R.H.; Smalley, R.E. Dissolution of pristine single walled carbon nanotubes in superacids by direct protonation. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 8794-8798.
27. Rommel, H.; Forster, G. Topology of the ternary phase system poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)-sulfuric acid-water. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4570-4576.
28. Picken, S.J. Orientational order in aramid solutions determined by diamagnetic susceptibility and birefringence measurements. Macromolecules 1990, 23, 464-470.
29. Li, L.; Li, C.Y.; Ni, C.; Rong, L.; Hsiao, B. Structure and crystallization behavior of Nylon 66/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites at low carbon nanotube contents. Polymer 2007, 48, 3452-3460.
30. Vlasveld, D.P.N.; Fischer, H.R.; Swierenga, E.; Picken, S.J. Interaction of SWCNT and PPTA with sulfuric acid-compatibilization of two materials in a common solvent. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 2008, 46, 1914-1922.
31. Ferry, J.D. Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers, 3rd ed.; Wiley-VCH: New York, NY, USA, 1980.
32. Piau, J.M.; Agassant, J.F. Rheology for Polymer Melt Processing, 1st ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherland, 1996.
33. Hsieh, T.; Tiu, C.; Simon, G.P. Rheology and miscibility of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer blends. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1999, 86, 15-35.
34. Kim, J.Y.; Han, S.I.; Hong, S. Effect of modified carbon nanotube on the properties of aromatic polyester nanocomposites. Polymer 2008, 49, 3335-3345.
35. Chiang, I.W.; Brinson, B.E.; Huang, A.Y.; Willis, P.A.; Bronikowski, M.J.; Margrave, J.L.; Smalley, R.E.; Hauge, R.H. Purification and characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) obtained from the gas-phase decomposition of CO (HiPco Process). J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 8297-8301.
36. Morgan, P.W. Synthesis and properties of aromatic and extended chain polyamides. Macromolecules 1977, 10, 1381-1390.
37. Kwolek, S.L.; Morgan, P.W.; Schaefgen, J.R.; Gulrich, L.W. Synthesis, anisotropic solutions, and fibers of poly(1,4-benzamide). Macromolecules 1977, 10, 1390-1396.
38. Frey, M.W.; Cuculo, J.A.; Khan, S.A. Rheology and gelation of cellulose/ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate solutions. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 1996, 34, 2375-2381.
39. 2O solution system. Polymer 1999, 40, 6443-6450.