Coping and defence mechanisms: What's the difference? - Second act

Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice

Volumn 83, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 207-221

  Kramer, Ueli ^a  

^a LAUSANNE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEFENSE MECHANISM; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; DEFENSE MECHANISMS; HUMANS; MENTAL DISORDERS;

EID: 77951826613     PISSN: 14760835     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1348/147608309X475989     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Aldwin, C. M., & Revenson, T. T. (1987). Does coping help? A reexamination of the relation between coping and mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 337-348.
2. Aspinwall, L. G., & Taylor, S. E. (1997). A stitch in time: Self-regulation and proactive coping. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 417-436.
3. Bergeret, J. (1985). La personnalité normale et pathologique: Les structures mentales, le caractère, les symptômes. Paris: Dunod.
4. Beutler, L. E., Harwood, T. M., Alimohamed, S., & Malik, M. (2002). Functional impairment and coping style. In J. C. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work. Therapist contributions and responsiveness to patients (pp. 145-170). New York: Oxford University Press.
5. Bouchard, G., & Thériault, V. J. (2003). Defense mechanisms and coping strategies in conjugal relationships: An integration. International Journal of Psychology, 38(2), 79-90.
6. Callahan, S., & Chabrol, H. (2004). Relations entre défense et coping: étude du Défense Style Questionnaire et du Brief COPE dans un échantillon non clinique d'adultes jeunes [Relationships between defense and coping: A study using the Defense Style Questionnaire and the Brief COPE in a non-clinical sample of young adults]. L'Encéphale, 30, 92-93.
7. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1981). Attention and self-regulation: A control-theory approach to human behavior. New York: Springer-Verlag.
8. Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267-283.
9. Caspar, F. (1996). Beziehungen und Probleme verstehen. Eine Einführung in die psychotherapeutische Plananalyse [Understanding relationships and problems. An introduction to the psychotherapeutic plan analysis]. Bern: Verlag Hans Huber.
10. Caspar, F. (2007). Plan analysis. In T. D. Eells (Ed.), Handbook of psychotherapy case formulations (2nd ed., pp. 251-289). New York: Guilford Press.
11. Chabrol, H., & Callahan, S. (2004). Méchanismes de défense et coping [Defense mechanisms and coping]. Paris: Dunod.
12. Cooper, S. H. (1998). Changing notions of defense within psychoanalytic theory. Journal of Personality, 66(6), 947-964.
13. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1990). Personality: Another 'hidden factor' in stress research. Psychological Inquiry, 1, 22-24.
14. Costa, P. T.,Somerfield,M.R., & McCrae, R. R. (1996). Personality and coping: A reconceptualization. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler (Eds.), Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications (pp. 44-61). New York: Wiley.
15. Cramer, P. (1991). The development of defense mechanisms: Theory, research, and assessment. New York: Springer-Verlag.
16. Cramer, P. (1998a). Coping and defense mechanisms: What's the difference? Journal of Personality, 66(6), 919-946.
17. Cramer, P. (1998b). Defensiveness and defense mechanisms. Journal of Personality, 66(6), 879-894.
18. Cramer, P. (2000). Defense mechanisms in psychology today. Further processes of adaptation. American Psychologist, 55(6), 637-646.
19. Cramer, P. (2001). The unconscious status of defense mechanisms. Comment. American Psychologist, 56(9), 762-763.
20. Drapeau, M., de Roten, Y., Perry, J. C., & Despland, J.-N. (2003). A study of stability and change in defense mechanisms during a brief psychodynamic investigation. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 191(8), 496-502.
21. Endler, N. S., & Parker, J. D. A. (1990). Multidimensional assessment of coping: A critical evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 844-854.
22. Erdelyi, M. H. (1985). Psychoanalysis: Freud's cognitive psychology. New York: Freeman.
23. Erdelyi, M. H. (2001). Defense processes can be conscious or unconscious. Comment. American Psychologist, 56(9), 761-762.
24. Erickson, S., Feldman, S. S., & Steiner, H. (1997). Defense reactions and coping strategies in normal adolescents. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 28, 45-66.
25. Fleishman, J. A. (1984). Personality characteristics and coping patterns. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 25, 229-244.
26. Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 150-170.
27. Freud, A. (1936). Das Ich und die Abwehrmechanismen [The ego and the mechanisms of defence]. Wien: Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag.
28. Freud, S. (1894/1962). The neuro-psychoses of defense. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 3, pp. 43-61). London: Hogarth Press.
29. Freud, S. (1926/1968). Inhibition, symptôme et angoisse [Inhibition, symptom and fear]. Paris: PUF.
30. Fulde, E., Junge, A., & Ahrens, S. (1995). Coping strategies and defense mechanisms and their relevance for the recovery after discectomy. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39(7), 819-826.
31. Grawe, K. (1998). Psychologische Therapie [Psychological therapy].Gottingen: Hogrefe.
32. Grebot, E., Paty, B., & Girard Dephanix, N. (2006). Styles defensives et strategies d'ajustement ou coping en situation stressante [Defensive styles and adjustment strategies or coping in stressful situations]. L'Encéphale, 32, 315-324.
33. Haan, N. (1977). Coping and defending. New York: Academic Press.
34. Haan, N. (1982). The assessment of coping, defense, and stress. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress. Theoretical and clinical aspects (pp. 254-269). London: Collier Macmillan Publishers.
35. Hartmann, H. (1958/1992). Ego psychology and the problem of adaptation (13th ed.). Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
36. Heim, E., Augustiny, K., & Blaser, A. (1983). Krankheitsbewä ltigung (coping) - ein integratives modell [Coping - an integrative model]. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Medizinische Psychologie, 33, 35-40.
37. Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1996). Personality traits and the coping process. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler (Eds.), Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications (pp. 410-433). New York: Wiley.
38. Holahan, C. J., & Moos, R. H. (1987). Personal and contextual determinants of coping strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 946-955.
39. Ihilevich, D., & Gleser, G. C. (1995). Defenses in psychotherapy: The clinical application of the defense mechanism inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
40. Kernberg, O. F. (1984). Severe personality disorders: Psychotherapeutic strategies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
41. Kramer, U. (2005a). Interactive effects in adaptive processes and therapist interventions. Unpublished manuscript, University of Lausanne, Lausanne.
42. Kramer, U. (2005b). La mesure du coping: une revue clinique des instruments [The measure of coping: A clinical review of instruments]. Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive, 15(2), 46-54.
43. Kramer, U. (2009). Defense and coping in bipolar affective disorder: Stability and change of adaptational processes. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. Advance online publication. Doi 10.1348/014466509X457397
44. Kramer, U., de Roten, Y., Michel, L., & Despland, J.-N. (2009). Early change in defence mechanisms and coping in short-term dynamic psychotherapy: Relations with symptoms and alliance. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 408-417. Doi 10.1002/ccp.616
45. Kramer, U., Drapeau, M., Khazaal, Y., & Bodenmann, G. (2009). Coping specificities in bipolar affective disorder: Relations with symptoms and therapeutic alliance. German Journal of Psychiatry, 12, 19-27.
46. Kuchenhoff, J., & Manz, R. (1993). Das Zusammenspiel von Abwehr und Coping im Krankheitsverlauf - Eine Untersuchung bei Morbus Crohn-Patienten [Interrelations between defense and coping over the course of illness - a study on morbus crohn patients]. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 43, 318-324.
47. Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
48. Lazarus, R. S. (2000). Toward better research on stress and coping. American Psychologist, 55(6), 665-673.
49. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer-Verlag.
50. Leventhal, E., Suis, J., & Leventhal, H. (1993). Hierarchical analysis of coping: Evidence from lifespan studies. In H. Krohne (Ed.), Attention and avoidance (pp. 71-100). Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.
51. Moser, U. (1964). Zur Abwehrlehre. Das Verhältnis von Verdrängung und Projektion [On the study of defenses. The relationship between repression and projection]. Jahrbuch der Psychoanalyse, 3, 56-85.
52. Newman, L. S. (2001). Coping and defense: No clear distinction. Comment. American Psychologist, 56(9), 760-761.
53. Nicolas, M., & Jebrane, A. (2008). Relationships between coping strategies and defense mechanisms in sport performance. Psychological Reports, 103, 735-744.
54. Parker, J. D., & Endler, N. S. (1996). Coping and defense: A historical review. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Parker (Eds.), Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications (pp. 3-23). New York: Wiley.
55. Perrez, M., & Reicherts, M. (1992). Stress, coping and health. Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.
56. Perrez, M., & Reicherts, M. (1996). A computer-assisted self-monitoring procedure for assessing stress-related behavior under real life conditions. In J. Fahrenberg & M. Myrtek (Eds.), Ambulatory assessment. Computer-assisted psychological and psychophysiological methods in monitoring and field studies (pp. 51-71). Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.
57. Perry, J. C. (1990). Defense mechanism rating scale. Boston, MA: Cambridge Hospital/Harvard Medical School.
58. Perry, J. C. (1993). Defenses and their effects. In N. Miller, L. Luborsky, J. Docherty, & J. Barber (Eds.), Psychodynamic treatment research: A handbook for clinical practice (pp. 274-305). New York: Basic Books.
59. Perry, J. C., & Cooper, S. H. (1989). An empirical study of defense mechanisms I: Clinical interview and life vignette ratings. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 444-452.
60. Perry, J. C., & Henry, M. (2004). Studying defense mechanisms in psychotherapyusing the defense mechanism rating scales. In U. Hentschel, G. Smith, J. G. Draguns, & W. Ehlers (Eds.), Defense mechanisms. Theoretical, research and clinical perspectives (pp. 165-192). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
61. Plutchik, R. (1995). A theory of ego defenses. In H. R. Conte & R. Plutchik (Eds.), Ego defenses. Theory and measurement (pp. 13-37). New York: Wiley.
62. Plutchik, R., Kellerman, H., & Conte, H. R. (1979). A structural theory of ego defenses and emotions. In C. E. Izard (Ed.), Emotions in personality and psychopathology (pp. 229-257). New York: Plenum Press.
63. Rothbaum, F., Weisz, J. R., & Snyder, S. S. (1982). Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 5-37.
64. Sachse, R. (2003). Klärungsorientierte Psychotherapie [Clarification-oriented psychotherapy]. Goättingen: Hogrefe.
65. Scherer, K. R. (1984). On the nature and function of emotion: A component process approach. In K. R. Scherer & P. Ekman (Eds.), Approaches to emotion (pp. 293-318). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
66. Singer, J. L., & Sincoff, J. B. (1990). Beyond repression and the defenses. In J. B. Singer (Ed.), Repression and dissociation (pp. 471-496). Chicago, IL: University ofChicago Press.
67. Sjoäbäack, H. (1973). The psychoanalytic theory of defensive processes. A critical survey. New York: Wiley.
68. Skinner, E. A., Edge, K., Altman, J., & Sherwood, H. (2003). Searching for the structure of coping: A review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 216-269.
69. Steffens, W., & Kachele, H. (1988). Abwehr und bewaltigung - Mechanismen und Strategien. Wieist eine Integration möglich? [Defense and coping - mechanisms and strategies. How is an integration possible?]. In H. Kachele & W. Steffens (Eds.), Bewältigung und Abwehr: Beiträge zur Psychologie und Psychotherapie schwerer körperlicher Krankheiten [Coping and defense: Contributions to psychology and psychotherapy serious physical illnesses] (pp. 1-50). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
70. Suls, J., & Harvey, J. H. (Eds.) (1996). Coping and personality [Special issue]. Journal of Personality 64(4), 711-1005.
71. Tschuschke, V., Pfleiderer, K., Denzinger, R., Hertenstein, B., Kächele, H., & Arnold, R. (1994). Coping bei Knochenmarktransplantation [Coping with bone-marrow transplantation]. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 44, 346-354.
72. Vaillant, G. E. (1976). Natural history of male psychological health: The relation of choice of ego mechanisms of defense to adult adjustment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 535-545.
73. Vaillant, G. E. (1977). Adaptation to life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
74. Vaillant, G. E. (1990). Repression in college men followed for half a century. In J. L. Singer (Ed.), Repression and dissociation (pp. 259-273). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
75. Vaillant, G. E. (1993). The wisdom of the ego. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
76. Vaillant, G. E. (2000). Adaptive mental mechanisms. Their role in a positive psychology. American Psychologist, 55, 89-98.
77. Whitty, M. T. (2003). Coping and defending: Age differences in maturity of defence mechanisms and coping strategies. Aging and Mental Health, 7(2), 123-132.
78. Zeidner, M., & Saklofske, D. (1996). Adaptive and maladaptive coping. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler (Eds.), Handbook of coping. Theory, research, applications (pp. 505-531). New York: Wiley.