New insights into merkel cell carcinoma

Advances in Anatomic Pathology

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 155-161

  Calder, Kenneth B ^a   Smoller, Bruce R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS FOR MEDICAL SCIENCES   (United States)

Author keywords

Immunohistochemistry; Merkel cell carcinoma; Prognosis; Sentinel lymph node; Skin

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER STAGING; CANCER STEM CELL; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL FEATURE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MERKEL CELL; MERKEL CELL TUMOR; NONHUMAN; POLYOMA VIRUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RADIATION CARCINOGENESIS; REVIEW; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; SUN EXPOSURE; TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION; TUMOR DIFFERENTIATION; TUMOR LOCALIZATION; VIRUS CARCINOGENESIS;

CARCINOMA, MERKEL CELL; HUMANS; SKIN NEOPLASMS;

EID: 77951759605     PISSN: 10724109     EISSN: 15334031     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181d97836     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Toker C. Trabecular carcinoma of the skin. Arch Derm. 1972;105:107-110.
2. Rywlin AM. Malignant Merkel-cell tumor is a more accurate description than trabecular carcinoma. Am J Dermatopathol. 1982;4:513-515.
3. Tang C, Toker C. Trabecular carcinoma of the skin an ultrastructural study. Cancer. 1977;42:2311-2321.
4. Toker C. Trabecular carcinoma of the skin a question of title. Am J Dermatopathol. 1982;4:497-500.
5. Halata Z, Grim M, Bauman KI. Friedrich Sigmund Merkel and his ''Merkel cell'' morphology, development and physiology: review and new results. Anat Rec. 2003;271:225-239.
6. Foschini MP, Eusebi V. Divergent differentiation in endocrine and non-endocrine tumors of the skin. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2000;17:162-168.
7. LeBoit PE, Crutcher WA, Shapiro PE. Pagetoid intraepidermal spread in Merkel cell (Primary neuroendocrine) carcinoma of the skin. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;16:584-592.
8. Brown HA, Sawyer DM, Woo T. Intraepidermal Merkel cell carcinoma with no dermal involvement. Am J Dermatopathol. 2000;22:65-69.
9. Smith KJ, Skelton HG, Holland TT, et al. Neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma with an intraepidermal component. Am J Dermatopathol. 1993;15:528-533.
10. Skelton HG, Smith KJ, Hitchcock CL, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: analysis of clinical, histologic and immunohistologic features of 132 cases with relation to survival. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;37:734-739.
11. Rocamora A, badia N, Vives R, et al. Epidermotropic primary neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma of the skin with Pautrier-like microabcesses. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1987;16: 1163-1168.
12. Gilman SL, Morrison RG, Hurt MA. Epidermotropic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Immunohistochemical differentiation from simulators, including malignant melanoma. J Cutan Pathol. 1991;18:120-127.
13. Yamamoto O, Tanimoto A, Yasuda H, et al. A combined occurrence of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin and a benign appendageal neoplasm. J Cutan Pathol. 1993;20:173-176.
14. Collina G, Bagni A, Fano RA. Combined neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell) and trichilemmal cyst. Am J Dermatopathol. 1997;19:545-548.
15. Perse RM, Klappenbach RS, Ragsdale BD. Trabecular (Merkel cell) carcinoma arising in the wall of an epidermal cyst. Am J Dermatopathol. 1987;9:423.
16. Walsh NMG. Primary neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma of the skin: morphologic diversity and implications thereof. Hum Pathol. 2001;32:680.
17. Hwang JH, Alanen K, Dabbs KD, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma with squamous and sarcomatous differentiation. J Cutan Pathol. 2008;35:955-959.
18. Isimbaldi G, Sironi M, Taccagni G, et al. Tripartitie differentiation (squamous, glandular and melanocytic) of a primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. Am J Dermatopathol. 1993;15:260-264.
19. Saeb-Lima M, Montante-Montes de Oca D, Albores-Saavedra J. Merkel cell carcinoma with eccrine differentiation: a clinicopathologic study of 7 cases. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2008;12: 410-414.
20. Cooper L, Debono R, Alsanjari N, et al. Merkel cell tumor with leiomyosarcomatous differentiation. Histopathology. 2000;36:540-543.
21. Eusebi V, Damiani S, Pasquinelli G, et al. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with skeletal muscle differentiation. Report of three cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24:223-230.
22. Tan K, Murali R, Karim RZ, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma with fibrosarcomatous differentiation. Pathology. 2008;40:314-316.
23. Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study. J Cutan Pathol. 2010;37:20-27.
24. Heath M, Jaimes N, Lemos B, et al. Clinical characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma at diagnosis in 195 patients: the ''AEIOU'' features. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58:375-381.
25. Penn I, Roy FM. Merkel's cell carcinoma in organ recipients: report of 41 cases. Transplantation. 1999;68:1717-1721.
26. Feng H, Shuda M, Chang Y, et al. Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma. Science. 2008; 319:1096-1100.
27. Busam KJ, Jungbluth AA, Rekthman N, et al. Merkel cell polyomavirus expression in merkel cell carcinomas and its absence in combined tumors and pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:1378-1385.
28. Andres C, Belloni B, Puchta U, et al. Prevalence of Merkel MCPyV in Merkel cell carcinoma and non-MCC tumors. J Cutan Pathol. 2010;37:28-34.
29. Popp S, Waltering S, Herbst C, et al. UV-B-type mutations and chromosomal imbalances indicate common pathways for the development of Merkel and skin squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Cancer. 2002;99:352-360.
30. Lunder EJ, Stern RS. Merkel-cell carcinomas in patients treated with methoxsalen and ultraviolet A radiation. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1247-1248.
31. Bobos M, Hytiroglou P, Kostopoulos I, et al. Immunohistochemical distinction between merkel cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma of the lung. Am J Dermatopathol. 2006;28: 99-104.
32. Chu P, Wu E, Weiss LM. Cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 expression in epithelial neoplasms: a survey of 435 cases. Mod Pathol. 2000;9:962-972.
33. Jensen K, Kohler S, Rouse RV. Cytokeratin staining in Merkel cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study of cytokeratins 5/6, 7, 17, and 20. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2000;8:310-315.
34. Calder KB, Coplowitz S, Schlauder S, et al. A case series and immunophenotypic analysis of CK20-/CK7+ primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. J Cutan Pathol. 2007;34: 918-923.
35. Hanly AJ, Elgart GW, Jorda M, et al. Analysis of thyroid transcription factor-1 and cytokeratin 20 separates merkel cell carcinoma from small cell carcinoma of the lung. J Cutan Pathol. 2000;27:118-120.
36. Ralston J, Chiriboga L, Nonaka D. MASH1: a useful marker in differentiating pulmonary small cell carcinoma from merkel cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2008;21:1357-1362.
37. Su LD, Fullen DR, Lowe L, et al. CD117 (KIT receptor) expression in Merkel cell carcinoma. Am J Dermatopathol. 2002;24:289-293.
38. Nicholson SA, McDermott MB, Swanson PE, et al. CD99 and cytokeratin-20 in small-cell and basaloid tumors of the skin. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2000;8:37-41.
39. Buresh CJ, Oliai BR, Miller RT. Reactivity with TdT in Merkel cell carcinoma: a potential diagnostic pitfall. Am J Clin Pathol. 2008;129:894-898.
40. Asioli S, Righi A, Volante M, et al. p63 expression as a new prognostic marker in Merkel cell carcinoma. Cancer. 2007; 110:640-647.
41. Goldberg SR, Neifeld JP, Frable WJ. Prognostic value of tumor thickness in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. J Surg Pathol. 2007;95:618-622.
42. Andea AA, Coit DG, Amin B, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: histologic features and prognosis. Cancer. 2008;113:2549-2558.
43. Llombart B, monteagudo C, Lopez-Guerrero JA, et al. Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 20 cases of Merkel cell carcinoma in search of prognostic markers. Histopathol. 2005;46:622-634.
44. Mott RT, Smoller BR, Morgan MB. Merkel cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study with prognostic implications. J Cutan Pathol. 2004;31:217-223.
45. Allen PJ, Bowne WB, Jaques DP, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: prognosis and treatment of patients from a single institution. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:2300-2309.
46. Allen PJ, Zahan ZF, Coit DG. The surgical management of Merkel cell carcinoma. Ann Surg. 1999;229:97-105.
47. Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, et al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7th ed. Springer; 2009.
48. Beer TW, Ng LB, Murray K. Mast cells have prognostic value in Merkel cell carcinoma. Am J Dermatopathol. 2008;30:27-30.
49. Ng L, Beer TW, Murray K. Vascular density has prognostic value in Merkel cell carcinoma. Am J Dermatopathol. 2008; 30:442-445.
50. Kim J, McNiff JM. Nuclear expression of survivin portends a poor prognosis in Merkel cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2008; 21:764-769.
51. Fernandez-Figueras M, Puig L, Musulen E, et al. Expression profiles associated with aggressive behavior in Merkel cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2007;20:90-101.
52. Brunner M, Thurnher D, Pammer J, et al. Expression of VEGF-A/C, VEGF-R2, PDGF-alpha/beta, c-kit, EGFR, Her- 2/Neu, Mcl-1 and Bmi-1 in Merkel cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2008;21:876-884.
53. Gupta SG, Wang LC, Penas PF, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for evaluation and treatment of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol. 2006;142:685-690.
54. Stokes JB, Graw KS, Dengel LT, et al. Patients with Merkel cell carcinoma tumors <1.0 cm in diameter are unlikely to harbor regional lymph node metastasis. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27: 3772-3777.
55. Kokoska ER, Kokoska MS, Collins BT, et al. Early aggressive treatment for Merkel cell carcinoma improves outcome. Am J Surg. 1997;174:688-693.
56. Gillenwater AM, Hessel AC, Morrison WH, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck: effect of surgical excision and radiation on recurrence and survival. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;127:149-154.