Exposure to children as a risk factor for bacteremic pneumococcal disease: Changes in the post-conjugate vaccine era

Archives of Internal Medicine

Volumn 170, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 725-731

  Metlay, Joshua P ^a   Lautenbach, Ebbing ^a   Li, Yimei ^a   Shults, Justine ^a   Edelstein, Paul H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE;

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; BACTEREMIA; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RISK FACTOR; SEROTYPE; SMOKING; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BACTEREMIA; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; DISEASE TRANSMISSION, INFECTIOUS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PENNSYLVANIA; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES; POISSON DISTRIBUTION; PROBABILITY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX DISTRIBUTION; VACCINES, CONJUGATE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77951655146     PISSN: 00039926     EISSN: 15383679     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.53     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases. Policy statement: recommendations for the prevention of pneumococcal infections, including the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Prevnar), pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and antibiotic prophylaxis. Pediatrics. 2000;106(2, pt 1):362-366.
2. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Preventing pneumococcal disease among infants and young children: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2000;49(RR-9):1-38.
3. Black S, Shinefield H, Fireman B, et al; Northern California Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center Group. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19(3):187-195.
4. Obaro SK, Adegbola RA, Banya WA, Greenwood BM. Carriage of pneumococci after pneumococcal vaccination. Lancet. 1996;348(9022):271-272.
5. Dagan R, Melamed R, Muallem M, et al. Reduction of nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci during the second year of life by a heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. J Infect Dis. 1996;174(6):1271-1278. (Pubitemid 26393906)
6. Whitney CG, Farley MM, Hadler J, et al; Active Bacterial Core Surveillance of the Emerging Infections Program Network. Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(18):1737-1746.
7. Lexau CA, Lynfield R, Danila R, et al; Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team. Changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among older adults in the era of pediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. JAMA. 2005;294(16):2043-2051.
8. Steenhoff AP, Shah SS, Ratner AJ, Patil S, McGowan KL. Emergence of vaccine-related pneumococcal serotypes as a cause of bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(7):907-914.
9. Byington CL, Samore MH, Stoddard GJ, et al. Temporal trends of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae among children in the intermountain west: emergence of nonvaccine serogroups. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(1):21-29.
10. Hausdorff WP, Yothers G, Dagan R, et al. Multinational study of pneumococcal serotypes causing acute otitis media in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21(11):1008-1016. (Pubitemid 35334507)
11. Metlay JP, Fishman NO, Joffe M, Edelstein PH. Impact of pediatric vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the risk of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. Vaccine. 2006;24(4):468-475. (Pubitemid 41832550)
12. Metlay JP, Fishman NO, Joffe MM, Kallan MJ, Chittams JL, Edelstein PH. Macrolide resistance in adults with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12(8):1223-1230.
13. Philadelphia Health Management Corporation's community health database 2006: southeastern Pennsylvania household health survey. http://www.chdbdata. org/householdsurvey.html. Accessed July 28, 2009.
14. Austrian R. The quellung reaction, a neglected microbiologic technique. Mt Sinai J Med. 1976;43(6):699-709. (Pubitemid 8021485)
15. Sørensen UB. Typing of pneumococci by using 12 pooled antisera. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31(8):2097-2100.
16. Royston P. Multiple imputation of missing values. Stata J. 2004;4(3):227-241.
17. Royston P. Multiple imputation of missing values: update. Stata J. 2005;5(2):188-201. (Pubitemid 43708483)
18. Robinson KA, Baughman W, Rothrock G, et al; Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs)/Emerging Infections Program Network. Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in the United States, 1995-1998: opportunities for prevention in the conjugate vaccine era. JAMA. 2001;285(13):1729-1735.
19. Nuorti JP, Butler JC, Farley MM, et al; Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team. Cigarette smoking and invasive pneumococcal disease. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(10):681-689.
20. Kyaw MH, Rose CE Jr, Fry AM, et al; Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Program of the Emerging Infections Program Network. The influence of chronic illnesses on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults. J Infect Dis. 2005;192(3):377-386.
21. Flannery B, Schrag S, Bennett NM, et al; Active Bacterial Core Surveillance/Emerging Infections Program Network. Impact of childhood vaccination on racial disparities in invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. JAMA. 2004;291(18):2197-2203.
22. Albrich WC, Monnet D, Harbarth S. Antibiotic selection pressure and resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(3):514-517.
23. Hicks LA, Harrison LH, Flannery B, et al. Incidence of pneumococcal disease due to non-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) serotypes in the United States during the era of widespread PCV7 vaccination, 1998-2004. J Infect Dis. 2007;196(9):1346-1354.
24. Choi EH, Kim SH, Eun BW, et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A in children, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14(2):275-281.
25. Feikin DR, Klugman KP. Historical changes in pneumococcal serogroup distribution: implications for the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35(5):547-555.