The echinoderm tube foot and its role in temporary underwater adhesion

Functional Surfaces in Biology

Volumn 2, Issue , 2009, Pages 9-41

  Santos, Romana ^a   Hennebert, Elise ^b   Coelho, Ana Varela ^a   Flammang, Patrick ^b  

^a INSTITUTO DE TECNOLOGIA QUÍMICA E BIOLÓGICA   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MONS   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77951466890     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6695-5_2     Document Type: Chapter

References (82)

1. Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., and Walter, P. (2002) Molecular biology of the cell (fourth edition). New York: Garland Science.
2. Ameye, L., Hermann, R., Dubois, Ph., and Flammang, P. (2000) Ultrastructure of the echinoderm cuticle after fast freezing/freeze substitution and conventional chemical fixation. Microsc Res Tech 48:385-393.
3. Berger, V. Ya., and Naumov, A. D. (1996) Influence of salinity on the ability of starfishes Asterias rubens L. to attach to substrate. Biologiya Morya 22:99-101.
4. Berglin, M., and Gatenholm, P. (2003) The barnacle adhesive plaque: morphological and chemical differences as a response to substrate properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 28:107-117.
5. Berglin, M., Hedlund, J., Fant, C., Elwing, H. (2005) Use of surface-sensitive methods for the study of adsorption and cross-linking of marine bioadhesives. J Adhesion 81:805-822.
6. Chaet, A. B. (1965) Invertebrates adhering surfaces: Secretions of the starfish, Asterias forbesi, and the coelenterate, Hydra pirardi. Ann NY Acad Sci 118:921-929.
7. Characklis, W. G. (1981) Fouling biofilm development: a process analysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 23:1923-1960.
8. Christensen, A. M. (1957) The feeding behaviour of the sea star Evasterias troscheli. Limnol Oceanogr 2:180-197.
9. Cobb, J. (1987) Neurobiology of the Echinodermata. In: Nervous Systems in Invertebrates, ed. by Ah M. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 483-525.
10. Cobb, J., and Moore, A. (1986) Comparative studies on receptor structure in the britlestar Ophiura ophiura. J Neurocytol 15:97-108.
11. David, B., and Mooi, R. (1998) Major events in the evolution of echinoderms viewed by the light of embryology. In: Echinoderms: San Francisco, ed. by Mooi, R., and Telford, M. Rotterdam: Balkema, pp. 21-28.
12. Engster, M., and Brown, S. (1972) Histology and ultrastructure of the tube foot epithelium in the phanerozonian starfish, Astropecten. Tissue Cell 4(3):503-518.
13. Feder, H. M. (1955) On the methods used by the starfish Pisaster ochraceus in opening three types of bivalve molluscs. Ecology 36:764-767.
14. Flammang, P. (1996) Adhesion in echinoderms. In: Echinoderm Studies Vol. 5, ed. by Jangoux, M., and. Lawrence, J. M. Rotterdam: Balkema, pp. 1-60.
15. Flammang, P. (2006) Adhesive secretions in echinoderms: an overview. In: Biological Adhesives, ed. By Smith A. M. and Callow, J. A. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 183-206.
16. Flammang, P., and Jangoux, M. (1992) Functional morphology of the locomotory podia of Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea). Zoomorphology 11:167-178.
17. Flammang, P., and Jangoux, M. (1993) Functional morphology of coronal and peristomeal podia in Sphaerechinus granularis (Echinodermata, Echinoida). Zoomorphology 113:47-60.
18. Flammang, P., and Walker, G. (1997) Measurement of the adhesion of the podia in the asteroid Asterias rubens (Echinodermata). J Mar. Biol Assoc. UK 77:1251-1254.
19. Flammang, P., Demeulenaere, S., and Jangoux, M. (1994) The role of podial secretions in adhesion in two species of sea stars (Echinodermata). Biol Bull 187:35-47.
20. Flammang, P., Santos, R., and Haesaerts, D., (2005) Echinoderm adhesive secretions: from experimental characterization to biotechnological applications. In: Marine Molecular Biotechnology: Echinodermata, ed. by Matranga, V. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 201-220.
21. Flammang, P., Van Cauwenberge, A., Alexandre, H., and Jangoux, M. (1998) A study of the temporary adhesion of the podia in the sea star Asterias rubens (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) through their footprints. J Exp Biol 201:2383-2395.
22. Fletcher, M. (1994) Bacterial biofilms and biofouling. Curr Opin Biotechnol 5:302-306.
23. Gallien, W. B. (1986) A comparison of hydrodynamic forces on two sympatric sea urchins: implications of morphology and habitat. MSc thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
24. Gorb, S., Jiao, Y., and Scherge, M. (2000) Ultrastructural architecture and mechanical properties of attachment pads in Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). J Comp Physiol A 186:821-831.
25. Gosline, J., Margo, L., Carrington, E., Guerette, P., Ortlepp, C. and Savage, K. (2002) Elastic proteins: biological roles and mechanical properties. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 357:121-132.
26. Guidetti, P., and Mori, M. (2005) Morpho-functional defences of Mediterranean sea urchins, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula, against fish predators. Mar. Biol 147:797-802.
27. Harris, P., and Shaw, G. (1984) Intermediate filaments, microtubules and microfilaments in epidermis of sea urchin tube foot. Cell Tiss Res 236:27-33.
28. Hennebert, E., Viville, P., Lazzaroni, R., and Flammang, P. (2008) Micro- and nanostructure of the adhesive material secreted by the tube feet of the sea star. Asterias rubens. J Struct Biol 164:108-118.
29. Hermans, C. (1983) The duo-gland adhesive system. Oceanogr Mar. Biol Ann Rev 83:283-339.
30. Hill, R. B., (2004) Active state in echinoderm muscle. In: Echinoderms: München, ed. by Heinzeller, T., and Nebelsick, J. H. Leiden: Balkema, pp. 351-352.
31. Holland, N. (1984) Epidermal cells. In: Biology of the integument. Vol. I. Invertebrates, ed. by Bereiter-Hahn, J., Maltoltsy, A. G., and Richards K. S. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 756-774.
32. Holland, N., and Nealson, K. (1978) The fine structure of the echinoderm cuticle and subcuticular bacteria of echinoderms. Acta Zool 59:169-185.
33. Kamino, K. (2006) Barnacle underwater attachment. In: Biological adhesives, ed. by Smith, A. M., and Callow, J. A. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp 145-166..
34. Kerkut, G. A. (1953) The forces exerted by the tube feet of the starfish during locomotion. J Exp Biol 30:575-583.
35. Lavoie, M. E. (1956) How sea stars open bivalves. Biol Bull 111:114-122.
36. Lawrence, J. M. (1987). A Functional Biology of Echinoderms. London: Croom Helm.
37. Leddy, H. A., and Johnson, A. S., (2000) Walking versus breathing: mechanical differentiation of sea urchin podia corresponds to functional specialization. Biol Bull 198:88-93.
38. Littlewood, D. T. J., Smith, A. B., Clough, K. A., and Emson, R. H. (1998) Five classes of echinoderm and one school of though. In: Echinoderms: San Francisco, ed. by Mooi, R., and Telford, M. Rotterdam: Balkema, pp. 47-49.
39. Marchalonis, J. J., and Weltman, J. K. (1971) Relatedness among proteins: a new method of estimation and its application to immunoglobins. Comp Biochem Physiol 38B:609-625.
40. Märkel, K., and Titschack, H. (1965) Das Festhaltevermögen von Seeigeln und die Reißfestigkeit ihrer Ambulacralfüßchen. Sond Zeit Naturw 10:268.
41. McKenzie, J. D. (1988a) The ultrastructure of tube foot epidermal cells and secretions: Their relationship to the duo-glandular hypothesis and the phylogeny of the echinoderm classes. In: Echinoderm Phylogeny and Evolutionary Biology, ed. by Paul, C. R. C., and Smith, A. B. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 287-298.
42. McKenzie, J. D. (1988b) Ultrastructure of the tentacles of the apodous holothurian Leptosynapta spp. (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) with special reference to the epidermis and surface coats. Cell Tiss Res 251:387-397.
43. Nichols, D. (1961) A comparative histological study of the tube-feet of two regular Echinoids. Q. J Microsc Sci 102:157-180.
44. Nichols, D. (1966) Functional morphology of the water vascular system. In: Physiology of Echinodermata, ed. by Boolootian, R. A. New York: Interscience Publishers, pp. 219-244.
45. Paine, V. L. (1926) Adhesion of the tube feet in starfishes. J Exp Zool 45:361-366.
46. Santos, R., and Flammang, P. (2005) Morphometry and mechanical design of tube foot stems in sea urchins: a comparative study. J Exp Mar. Biol Ecol 315:211-223.
47. Santos, R., and Flammang, P. (2006) Morphology and tenacity of the tube foot disc of three common European sea urchin species: a comparative study. Biofouling 22:187-200.
48. Santos, R., and Flammang, P. (2007) Intra- and interspecific variation of the attachment strength in sea urchins. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 332:129-142.
49. Santos, R., Da Costa, G., Franco, C., Gomes-Alves, P., Flammang, P., and Coelho, A. V. (2009) First insights into the biochemistry of tube foot adhesive from the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Echinoidea, Echinodermata). Mar. Biotechnol, DOI 10.1007/s10126-009-9182-5.
50. Santos, R., Gorb, S., Jamar, V., and Flammang, P. (2005a) Adhesion of echinoderm tube feet to rough surfaces. J Exp Biol 208:2555-2567.
51. Santos, R., Haesaerts, D., Jangoux, M., and Flammang, P. (2005b). The tube feet of sea urchins and sea stars contain functionally different mutable collagenous tissues. J Exp Biol 208:2277-2288.
52. Santos, R., Haesaerts, D., Jangoux, M., and Flammang, P. (2005c) Comparative histological and immunohistochemical study of sea star tube feet (Echinodermata, Asteroidea). J Morphol 263:259-269.
53. Shadwick, R. E. (1992). Soft composites. In: Biomechanics. Materials. A practical approach, ed. By J. F. V. Vincent., Oxford: Oxford University Press pp. 133-164.
54. Sharp, D. T., and Gray, I. E. (1962) Studies on factors affecting the local distribution of two sea urchins, Arbacia punctulata and Lytechinus variegatus. Ecology 43:309-313.
55. Siddon, C. E., and Witman J. D. (2003) Influence of chronic, low-level hydrodynamic forces on subtidal community structure. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 261:91-110.
56. Smith, A. B. (1978) A functional classification of the coronal pores of echinoids. Palaeontology 21:759-789.
57. Smith, A. M. (2006) The biochemistry and mechanics of gastropod adhesive gels. In: Biological adhesives, ed. by Smith, A. M., and Callow, J. A. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp 167-182.
58. Smith, A. M., and Callow, J. A. (2006) Biological adhesives. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
59. Smith, J. E. (1947) The activities of the tube feet of Asterias rubens L. I. The mechanics of movement and of posture. Q J Microsc Sci 88:1-14.
60. Souza Santos, H., and Silva Sasso, W. (1970) Ultrastructural and histochemical studies on the epithelium revestment layer in the tube feet of the starfish Asterina stellifera. J Morph 130:287-296.
61. Souza Santos, H., and Silva Sasso, W. (1974) Ultrastructural and histochemical observations of the external epithelium of echinoderm tube feet. Acta Anat 88:22-33.
62. Sun, Y., Guo, S., Walker, G. C., Kavanagh, C. J., and Swain, G. W. (2004) Surface elastic modulus of barnacle adhesive and release characteristics from silicone surface. Biofouling 20:279-289.
63. Szulgit, G. K., and Shadwick, R. E. (2000) Dynamic mechanical characterization of a mutable collagenous tissue: Response of sea cucumber dermis to cell lysis and dermal extracts. J Exp Biol 203:1539-1550.
64. Tatham, A. S., Shewry, P. R. (2000) Elastomeric proteins: biological roles, structures and mechanisms. Trends Biochem Sci 25:567-571.
65. Thomas, L. A., and Hermans, C. O. (1985) Adhesive interactions between the tube feet of a starfish, Leptasterias hexactis, and substrata. Biol Bull 169:675-688.
66. Trotter, J. A., and Koob, T. J. (1995) Evidence that calcium-dependent cellular processes are involved in the stiffening response of holothurian dermis and that dermal cells contain an organic stiffening factor. J Exp Biol 198:1951-1961.
67. Trotter, J. A., Tipper, J., Lyons-Levy, G., Chino, K., Heuer, A. H., Liu, Z., Mrksich, M., Hodneland, C., Dillmore, W. S., Koob, T. J., Koob-Emunds, M. M., Kadler, K. and Holmes, D. (2000) Towards a fibrous composite with dynamically controlled stiffness. Lessons from echinoderms. Biochem Soc Trans 28:357-362.
68. Tyler, S. (1988) The role of function in determination of homology and convergence - examples from invertebrates adhesive organs. Fortsch Zool 36:331-347.
69. Vincent, J. (1990). Structural Biomaterials. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
70. Vogel, S. (2003) Comparative Biomechanics - Life's physical world. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
71. Wada, H., and Satoh, N. (1994) Phylogenetic relationships among extant classes of echinoderms, as inferred from sequences of 18S rDNA, coincide with relationships deduced from the fossil record. J Mol Evol 38:41-49.
72. Waite, J. H. (1983) Adhesion in byssally attached bivalves. Biol Rev 58:209-231.
73. Waite, J. H. (1987) Nature's underwater adhesive specialist. Int J Adhes Adhes 7:9-14.
74. Waite, J. H. (2002) Adhesion à la moule. Integr Comp Biol 42:1172-1180.
75. Waite, J. H., Andersen, N. H., Jewhurst, S., and Sun, C. (2005) Mussel adhesion: Finding the tricks worth mimicking. J Adhesion 81:297-317.
76. Walker, G. (1987) Marine organisms and their adhesion. In: Synthetic Adhesives and Sealants, ed. by Wake, W. C. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 112-135.
77. Whittington, I. D., and Cribb, B. W. (2001) Adhesive secretions in the Platyhelminthes. Adv Parasitol 48:101-224.
78. Wiegemann, M., and Watermann B. (2003) Peculiarities of barnacle adhesive cured on non-stick surfaces. J Adhesion Sci Technol 17:1957-1977.
79. Wilkie, I. C. (1996) Mutable collagenous tissues: extracellular matrix as mechano-effector. In: Echinoderm Studies, ed. by Jangoux, M., and Lawrence, J. M., Rotterdam: Balkema, pp. 61-102.
80. Wilkie, I. C. (2005) Mutable collagenous tissue: overview and biotechnological perspective. In: Marine molecular biotechnology: Echinodermata, ed. by Matranga, V. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 221-250.
81. Wood, R. L., and Cavey, M. J. (1981) Ultrastructure of the coelomic lining in the podium of the starfish Stylasterias forreri. Cell Tissue Res 218:449-473.
82. Yamasaki, S., Nashimoto, K., Yamamoto, K., Hiraishi, T. (1993) Fluid forces on short-spined sea urchin and northern sea urchin. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 59:1139-1146.