Dietary Sources of Sodium in China, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, Women and Men Aged 40 to 59 Years: The INTERMAP Study

Journal of the American Dietetic Association

Volumn 110, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 736-745

  Anderson, Cheryl A M ^a   Appel, Lawrence J ^a   Okuda, Nagako ^a   Brown, Ian J ^a   Chan, Queenie ^a   Zhao, Liancheng ^a   Ueshima, Hirotsugu ^a   Kesteloot, Hugo ^a   Miura, Katsuyuki ^a   Curb, J David ^a   Yoshita, Katsushi ^a   Elliott, Paul ^a   Yamamoto, Monica E ^a   Stamler, Jeremiah ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHINA; CLINICAL TRIAL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; FOOD ANALYSIS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; JAPAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; RECALL; SODIUM INTAKE; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; CHINA; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; FOOD ANALYSIS; FOOD HABITS; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; JAPAN; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; MIDDLE AGED; SODIUM, DIETARY; UNITED STATES;

EID: 77951186837     PISSN: 00028223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.02.007     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Stamler J., Stamler R., and Neaton J.D. Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, and cardiovascular risks: US population data. Arch Intern Med 153 (1993) 598-615
2. Stamler J. The INTERSALT study: Background, methods, findings, and implications. Am J Clin Nutr 65 suppl (1997) 626S-642S
3. Sasaki S., Zhang X.H., and Kesteloot H. Dietary sodium, potassium, saturated fat, alcohol, and stroke mortality. Stroke 26 (1995) 783-789
4. Khaw K.T., and Barrett-Connor E. The association between blood pressure, age, and dietary sodium and potassium: A population study. Circulation 77 (1988) 53-61
5. Perry I.J., and Beevers D.G. Salt intake and stroke: A possible direct effect. J Hum Hypertens 6 (1992) 23-25
6. Cutler J.A., and Roccella E.J. Salt reduction for preventing hypertension and cardiovascular disease: A population approach should include children. Hypertension 48 (2006) 818-819
7. He J., Ogden L.G., Vupputuri S., Bazzano L.A., Loria C., and Whelton P.K. Dietary sodium intake and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease in overweight adults. JAMA 282 (1999) 2027-2034
8. Tuomilehto J., Jousilahti P., Rastenyte D., Moltchanov V., Tanskanen A., Pietinen P., and Nissinen A. Urinary sodium excretion and cardiovascular mortality in Finland: A prospective study. Lancet 357 (2001) 848-851
9. Appel L.J., Espeland M.A., Easter L., Wilson A.C., Folmar S., and Lacy C.R. Effects of reduced sodium intake on hypertension control in older individuals: Results from the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly (TONE). Arch Intern Med 161 (2001) 685-693
10. Sacks F.M., Svetkey L.P., Vollmer W.M., Appel L.J., Bray G.A., Harsha D., Obarzanek E., Conlin P.R., Miller III E.R., Simons-Morton D.G., Karanja N., Lin P.H., and DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. N Engl J Med 344 (2001) 3-10
11. Appel L.J., Brands M.W., Daniels S.R., Karanja N., Elmer P.J., Sacks F.M., and American Heart Association. Dietary approaches to prevent and treat hypertension. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension 47 (2006) 296-308
12. Lichtenstein A.H., Appel L.J., Brands M., Carnethon M., Daniels S., Franch H.A., Franklin B., Kris-Etherton P., Harris W.S., Howard B., Karanja N., Lefevre M., Rudel L., Sacks F., Van Horn L., Winston M., Wylie-Rosett J., and American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation 114 (2006) 82-96
13. Cook N.R., Cutler J.A., Obarzanek E., Buring J.E., Rexrode K.M., Kumanyika S.K., Appel L.J., and Whelton P.K. Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: Observational follow-up of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP). BMJ 334 (2007) 885
14. Chang H.Y., Hu Y.W., Yue C.S., Wen Y.W., Yeh W.T., Hsu L.S., Tsai S.Y., and Pan W.H. Effect of potassium-enriched salt on cardiovascular mortality and medical expenses of elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr 83 (2006) 1289-1296
15. Cirillo M., Laurenzi M., Panarelli W., Stamler J., and on behalf of the Gubbio Population Study Research Group. Kidney Intl 46 (1994) 1133-1139
16. Tsugane S., Sasazuki S., Kobayashi M., and Sasaki S. Salt and salted food intake and subsequent risk of gastric cancer among middle-aged Japanese men and women. Br J Cancer 90 (2004) 128-134
17. Carey O.J., Locke C., and Cookson J.B. Effect of alterations of dietary sodium on the severity of asthma in men. Thorax 48 (1993) 714-718
18. Devine A., Criddle A.R., Dick I.M., Kerr D.A., and Prince R.L. A longitudinal study of the effect of sodium and calcium intakes on regional bone density in post-menopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 62 (1995) 740-745
19. Martini L.A., Cuppari L., Colugnati F.A.B., Sigulem D.M., Szejnfeld V.L., Schor N., and Heilberg I.P. High sodium chloride intake is associated with low bone density in calcium stone-forming patients. Clin Neprol 54 (2000) 85-93
20. World Health Organization Forum. Reducing salt intake in populations: Report of a WHO forum and technical meeting. World Health Organization Web site. www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/SaltReport-VC-April07.pdf Accessed September 1, 2009
21. Brown I.J., Tzoulaki I., Candelas V., and Elliott P. Salt intakes around the world: Implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol 38 (2009) 791-813
22. Mattes R.D., and Donnelly D. Relative contributions of dietary sodium sources. J Am Coll Nutr 10 (1991) 383-393
23. Sanchez-Castillo C.P., Warrender S., Whitehead T.P., and James W.P. An assessment of the sources of dietary salt in a British population. Clin Sci (Lond) 72 (1987) 95-102
24. Tian H.G., Hu G., Dong Q.N., Yang X.L., Nan Y., Pietinen P., and Nissinen A. Dietary sodium and potassium, socioeconomic status and blood pressure in a Chinese population. Appetite 26 (1996) 235-246
25. Kesteloot H. Relationship between dietary cations and blood pressure. Ann Nutr Metab 35 suppl 1 (1991) 109-118
26. Dennis B., Stamler J., Buzzard M., Conway R., Elliott P., Moag-Stahlberg A., Okayama A., Okuda N., Robertson C., Robinson F., Schakel S., Stevens M., Van Heel N., Zhao L., Zhou B.F., and INTERMAP Research Group. The dietary data-Process and quality control. J Hum Hypertens 17 (2003) 609-622
27. Stamler J., Elliott P., Dennis B., Dyer A.R., Kesteloot H., Liu K., Ueshima H., Zhou B.F., and INTERMAP Research Group. Background, aims, design, methods, and descriptive statistics (nondietary). J Hum Hypertens 17 (2003) 591-608
28. Nakagawa H., Morikawa Y., Okayama A., Fujita Y., Yoshida Y., Mikawa K., Sakata K., Ishizaki M., Miura K., Naruse Y., Kagamimori S., Hashimoto T., and Ueshima H. Trends in blood pressure and urinary sodium and potassium excretion in Japan: Reinvestigation in the 8th year after the INTERSALT study. J Hum Hypertens 13 (1999) 735-741
29. Sasaki N. High blood pressure and the salt intake of the Japanese. Jpn Heart J 3 (1962) 313-324
30. Dahl L.K. Salt and hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 25 (1972) 231-244
31. In: Zhai F.Y., and Yang X.G. (Eds). China National Health and Nutrition Survey-Report Two: Food and Nutrients Intake in 2002 (2006), People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China 254 [in Chinese]
32. Kesteloot H., Huang D.X., Li Y.L., Geboers J., and Joossens J.V. The relationship between cations and blood pressure in the People's Republic of China. Hypertension 9 (1987) 654-659
33. Zhao L., Stamler J., Yan L.L., Zhou B., Wu Y., Liu K., Daviglus M.L., Dennis B.H., Elliott P., Ueshima H., Yang J., Zhu L., Guo D., and INTERMAP Research Group. Blood pressure differences between northern and southern Chinese: Role of dietary factors: The international study on macronutrients and blood pressure. Hypertension 43 (2004) 1332-1337
34. Bull N.L., and Buss D.H. Contributions of foods to sodium intakes. Proc Nutr Soc 39 (1980) 30A
35. Zhou B.F., Stamler J., Dennis B., Moag-Stahlberg A., Okuda N., Robertson C., Zhao L., Chan Q., Elliott P., and INTERMAP Research Group. Nutrient intakes of middle-aged men and women in China, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States in the late 1990s: The INTERMAP study. J Hum Hypertens 17 (2003) 623-630
36. James W.P., Ralph A., and Sanchez-Castillo C.P. The dominance of salt in manufactured food in the sodium intake of affluent societies. Lancet 1 (1987) 426-429
37. Shimbo S., Hatai I., Saito T., Yokota M., Imai Y., Watanabe T., Moon C.S., Zhang Z.W., and Ikeda M. Shift in sodium chloride sources in past 10 years of salt reduction campaign in Japan. Tohoku J Exp Med 180 (1996) 249-259
38. The Resources Council, Science and Technology Agency, Japan. Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan. 5th revised edition. [in Japanese] (2000), Printing Bureau, Ministry of Finance, Tokyo, Japan
39. Kimira M., Kudo Y., Takachi R., Haba R., and Watanabe S. Associations between dietary intake and urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium. Japan J Hygiene 59 (2004) 23-30
40. Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. The National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan, 2005. [in Japanese] (2008), Daiichi Shuppan, Tokyo, Japan
41. Zhai F.Y., and Yang X.G. China National Health and Nutrition Survey-Report Two: Food and Nutrients Intake in 2002. [in Chinese] (2006), People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China 100
42. Guansheng M.A., Qin Z., and Yanping L.I. The salt consumption of residents in China [in Chinese]. Chinese J Prev Control Chronic Non-Commun Dis 16 (2008) 331-333
43. An Assessment of Dietary Sodium Levels among Adults (Aged 19-64) in the General UK Population in 2008, Based on the Analysis of Sodium in 24-Hour Urine Excretion (2008), National Centre for Social Research, London, UK 3
44. Survey of over 260 food products around the world from KFC, McDonalds, Kellogg's, Nestle, Burger King, and Subway. World Action on Salt and Health Web site. http://www.worldactiononsalt.com/media/international_products_survey_2009.xls Accessed September 1, 2009
45. He F.J., and McGregor G.A. A comprehensive review on salt and health and current experience of worldwide salt reduction programmes. J Hum Hypertens 23 (2009) 363-384
46. Nutrient intakes from food. Mean amounts consumed per individual, one day, 2005-2006. US Dept of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Web site. www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg Accessed September 1, 2009
47. Halliday J. Reduced sodium ingredients contribute to salt effort. http://www.foodnavigator.com/Product-Categories/Proteins-non-dairy/Reduced-sodium-ingredients-contribute-to-salt-effort Accessed September 1, 2009
48. Product development. http://www.nestle.com/SharedValueCSR/ProductsAndConsumers/NutritionHealthandWellness/ProductDevelopment.htm Nestle Web site. Accessed September 1, 2009
49. Roodenburg A.J.C., Feunekes G.I.J., Leenen R., and Ramsay G. Food products and dietary guidelines: How to align?. Trends in Food Science and Technology 19 (2008) 165-170
50. In: Frazao E. (Ed). America's Eating Habits: Changes and Consequences (1999), US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 750
51. Health and Diet Survey. Dietary Guidelines Supplement-Report of Findings (2004 & 2005) (2008), US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC
52. In: Jacobson M. (Ed). Sodium Levels in Processed Foods. 2nd ed. (2008), Center for Science in the Public Interest, Washington, DC
53. Moshfegh A., Goldman J., and Cleveland L. What We Eat in America, NHANES 2001-2002: Usual Nutrient Intakes from Food Compared to Dietary Reference Intakes (2005), US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Washington, DC
54. Appel L.J. At the tipping point: Accomplishing population-wide sodium reduction in the United States. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 10 (2008) 7-11