Celebrity activism in international relations: In search of a framework for analysis

Global Society

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 255-274

  Huliaras, Asteris ^a   Tzifakis, Nikolaos ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS;

EID: 77951087957     PISSN: 13600826     EISSN: 1469798X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13600821003626567     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Some notable exceptions are: Andrew F. Cooper, Celebrity Diplomacy (Boulder: Paradigm, 2008)
2. Joshua William Busby, "Bono Made Jesse Helms Cry: Jubilee 2000, Debt Relief, and Moral Action in International Politics", International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 51, No. 2 (2007), pp. 247-275.
3. Lisa Ann Richey and Stefano Ponte, "Better (Red)™ than Dead? Celebrities, Consumption and International Aid", Third World Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 4 (2008), pp. 711-729.
4. For an authoritative presentation of this argument see J. Ann Tickner, Gender in International Relations: Feminist Perspectives on Achieving Global Security (New York: Columbia University Press, 1992).
5. Many women indeed exercise "transversal activities" operating in the private sphere of influence from such positions as spouses or assistants. For an interesting case study on diplomatic partners see Tania Domett, "Soft Power in Global Politics? Diplomatic Partners as Transversal Actors", Australian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 40, No. 2 (2005), pp. 289-306.
6. Helmut K. Anheier and Siobhan Daly, "Philanthropic Foundations: A New Global Force?", in Helmut Anheier et al. (eds.), Global Civil Society 2004/5 (London: Sage, 2004), pp. 158-176.
7. Purna Sen, "Successes and Challenges: Understanding the Global Movement to End Violence Against Women", in Mary Kaldor et al. (eds.), Global Civil Society 2003, available: (accessed 11 June 2008).
8. See, for instance, Seckinelgin's very informative work on the attempt of individuals and groups to raise awareness concerning the immediate needs for treatment of AIDS victims. Hakan Seckinelgin, "Time to Stop and Think: HIV/AIDS, Global Civil Society, and People's Politics", in Marlies Glasius et al. (eds.), Global Civil Society 2002, available: (accessed 11 June 2008).
9. Philip G. Cerny, "Political Agency in a GlobalizingWorld: Towards a Structurational Approach", European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 6, No. 4 (2000), pp. 435-463.
10. Robert David Sack, Homo geographicus: A Framework for Action, Awareness and Moral Concern (Washington, DC: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), p. 257.
11. Kiyoteru Tsutsui and Christine MinWotipka, "Global Civil Society and the International Human Rights Movement: Citizen Participation in Human Rights International Nongovernmental Organizations", Social Forces, Vol. 83, No. 2 (2004), pp. 587-620.
12. These encompass "individuals and groups who mobilize domestic and international resources and opportunities to advance claims on behalf of external actors, against external opponents, or in favor of goals they hold in common with transnational allies". See Sidney Tarrow, "Rooted Cosmopolitans and Transnational Activists", Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia, No. 2 (2005), available: (accessed 11 June 2008).
13. Mitchell Cohen, "Rooted Cosmopolitanism", Dissent, Vol. 39, No. 4 (1992), pp. 478-483.
14. Tarrow, op. cit., pp. 12-13.
15. Paola Grenier, "Social Entrepreneurship: Agency in a Globalizing World", in Alex Nicholls (ed.), Social Entrepreneurship: New Models of Sustainable Social Change (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 120.
16. Ibid., pp. 130-131.
17. David Chandler, "The Possibilities of Post-territorial Political Community", Area, Vol. 39, No. 1 (2007), p. 116.
18. Ibid., pp. 117-118.
19. Paola Grenier, "The New Pioneers: The People behind Global Civil Society", in Anheier et al. (eds.), op. cit., pp. 122-157.
20. Cited in ibid., pp. 122-125.
21. Ibid., pp. 144-150.
22. Cooper, op. cit., p. 21.
23. Mark D. Alleyne, "The United Nations' Celebrity Diplomacy", SAIS Review, Vol. XXV, No. 1 (2008), pp. 177-178.
24. By 2008, UNICEF had 28 international, 9 regional and more than 150 national ambassadors, UNESCO had 40, FAO 25, UNAIDS 16, UNFPA 14, WFP 10, UNDP 6, UNHCR 7 (among them Angelina Jolie and Giorgio Armani), UNIFEM 3 (including Nicole Kidman), UNODC 3, WHO 3 and UNIDO 3; available: (accessed 10 July 2008).
25. Peter Ford and Gloria Goodale, "Why Stars and Charities Need Each Other", Christian Science Monitor (13 January 2005), available: (accessed 25 May 2008).
26. Quoted in James Traub, "The Celebrity Solution", New York Times (9 March 2008), p. 38.
27. Quoted in ibid.
28. Available: (accessed 15 July 2008).
29. Daniel W. Drezner, "Foreign Policy Goes Glam", The National Interest, No. 92 (2007), p. 23.
30. Dorothy Pomerantz, "The Star Economy: Hollywood's Most Overpaid Stars", Forbes (18 November 2009), available: (accessed 20 November 2009).
31. Andrew F. Cooper, "Beyond Hollywood and the Boardroom", Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2007), p. 127.
32. Danna Harman, "Star Power Brings Attention to Africa", Christian Science Monitor (22 August 2007), available: (accessed 5 June 2008).
33. Danna Harman, "Can Celebrities Really Get Results?", Christian Science Monitor (23 August 2007), available: (accessed 5 June 2008).
34. Drezner, op. cit., p. 24.
35. Quoted in Traub, op. cit.
36. Available: (accessed 20 July 2008).
37. A good example is provided in the case study that follows. It concerns Farrow's assailing of Steven Spielberg for working as an artistic consultant to the Beijing Olympics opening ceremony.
38. James Panton, "Pop Goes Politics", The World Today, Vol. 63, No. 6 (2007), p. 5.
39. Mark Lawson, "Unfair and Unbalanced", The Guardian (10 February 2006), available: (accessed 8 May 2008).
40. Gideon Rachman, "The Aid Crusade and Bono's Brigade", Financial Times (29 October 2007), available: (accessed 10 October 2009).
41. Panton, op. cit., p. 6.
42. Matthew A. Baum, Soft News Goes to War: Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy in the New Media Age (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003).
43. Drezner, op. cit., p. 25.
44. "Africa Hot Destination for Committed Celebrities", Associated Press (19 June 2006), available: (accessed 21 July 2008).
45. Baum, op. cit., p. 288.
46. Mmoma Ejiofor, "Generous Celebs", Forbes (5 May 2006).
47. see also The Chronicle of Philanthropy, available:
48. available: (accessed 20 July 2008).
49. Ejiofor, op. cit.
50. Nora Boustany, "Hollywood Stars Find an Audience for Social Causes", Washington Post (10 June 2007), p. A01.
51. Interview with Jonathan Watts, The Guardian (26 August 2006), available: (accessed 14 July 2008).
52. Rob Long, "Using Your Star Power", Foreign Policy, No. 154 (2006), pp. 74-78.
53. Richard Price, "Reversing the Gun Sights: Transnational Civil Society Targets Land Mines", International Organization, Vol. 52, No. 3 (1998), p. 618.
54. Ibid., p. 621.
55. William Over, Human Rights in the International Public Sphere: Civic Discourse for the 21st Century (Stanford: Ablex, 1999), p. 74.
56. Raphael Cohen-Almagor, Speech, Media and Ethics: The Limits of Free Expression (London: Palgrave, 1996), p. 96.
57. Michael Blowen, "With Grace and Depth, ABC Ruled", Boston Globe (7 September 1997), p. A32.
58. Tom Shales, "Live Television Coverage Unites the World in a Good Cry", Washington Post (7 September 1997), p. 23.
59. "Carnival Queen: Diana's Reactionary Legacy", The Economist (25 August 2007), p. 38.
60. D'Arcy Jenish, "The Lady with a Cause", Maclean's, Vol. 110 (15 September 1997), p. 55.
61. Cited in D'Arcy Jenish, op. cit.
62. Kenneth R. Rutherford, The Evolving Arms Control Agenda: Implications of the Role of NGOs in Banning Anti-personnel Landmines (London: Routledge, 2005), p. 589.
63. Cooper, Celebrity Diplomacy, op. cit., p. 25.
64. Kenneth R. Rutherford, "Post-ColdWar Superpower? Mid-size State and NGO Collaboration in Banning Landmines", in Kenneth R. Rutherford, Stefan Brem and Richard A. Matthew, Reframing the Agenda: The Impact of NGO and Middle Power Cooperation in International Security Policy (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003), p. 30.
65. Rutherford, The Evolving Arms Control Agenda, op. cit.
66. "Princess Diana Sparks Landmines Row", BBC (15 January 1997).
67. Cited in Leon V. Sigal, Negotiating Minefields: The Landmines Ban in American Politics (London: Routledge, 2005), p. 185.
68. Rutherford, The Evolving Arms Control Agenda, op. cit.
69. idem, "Post-Cold War Superpower?", op. cit.
70. Idem, The Evolving Arms Control Agenda, op. cit.
71. Rob Evans and Richard Norton-Taylor, "US FearedDiana'sMineAction", The Guardian (26August 1999), available: (accessed 5 October 2009).
72. David Hencke and Rob Evans, "Diana's Landmine Crusade Put Tories in a Panic", The Guardian (3 January 2000), available: (accessed 5 October 2009).
73. Orders of the Day-Landmines Bill, House of Commons Debates, 10 July 2008.
74. Price, op. cit., pp. 639-640.
75. Cited in Cooper, Celebrity Diplomacy, op. cit., p. 26.
76. Cited in Cooper, op. cit.
77. Cooper, Celebrity Diplomacy, op. cit., p. 49.
78. Paul Rusesabagina, "Mia Farrow", The 2008 TIME 100, TIME Magazine, available: (accessed 14 September 2008).
79. Ann McFerran, "Mother Waif Calls to the Forsaken", The Sunday Times (9 December 2007) available: (accessed 8 October 2008).
80. "Powerful Acts: An Interview with Mia Farrow", Guernica Magazine (July 2007), available: (accessed July 2008).
81. McFerran, op. cit.
82. Ronan Farrow and Mia Farrow, "The Genocide Olympics", Wall Street Journal (28 March 2007).
83. Dave Skretta, "Farrow, Spielberg Assail China on Darfur", Associated Press (12 February 2008), available: (accessed 25 August 2008).
84. Mike Nizza, "Mia Farrow's Darfur Gambit", New York Times (8 August 2007), available: (accessed 25 June 2008).
85. Andrew F. Cooper and Andrew Schrumm, "How Mia Farrow Got UN Troops in Darfur", Embassy (25 April 2007), available: (accessed 12 June 2008).
86. Mark Starr, "Darfur is Low-hanging Fruit for Beijing", Newsweek (17 April 2008), available: (accessed 25 August 2008).
87. J. Stephen Morrison, "Will Darfur Steal the Olympic Spotlight?", Washington Quarterly, Vol. 31, No. 3 (2008), p. 184.
88. Asteris Huliaras, "Evangelists, Oil Companies and Terrorists: The Bush Administration's Policy toward Sudan", Orbis, Vol. 50, No. 4 (2006), p. 716.
89. "The Oil Factor", The Economist (23 June 2007), pp. 54-55.
90. Victor D. Cha, "Beijing's Olympic-sized Catch-22", Washington Quarterly, Vol. 31, No. 3 (2008), p. 110.
91. Ibid., p. 109.
92. Nora Boustany, "Symbolic Torch Relay Aims to Shine Light on China, Darfur and Death", Washington Post (15 August 2007), available: (accessed 26 July 2008).
93. Anthony Lake, "Brangelina vs. Chinese Mercantilism in Africa", New Perspectives Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 4 (2007), p. 17.
94. Cooper and Schrumm, op. cit.
95. Helene Cooper, "Darfur Collides With Olympics, and China Yields", New York Times (13 April 2007), available: (accessed 10 November 2008).
96. Stephanie Kleine-Ahlbrandt and Andrew Small, "China's New Dictatorship Diplomacy: Is Beijing Parting with Pariahs?", Foreign Affairs, Vol. 87, No. 1 (2008), pp. 38-56.
97. Security Council Resolution 1593 (2005) of 31 March 2005.
98. Daniel Large, Sudan's Foreign Relations with Asia, ISS Paper No. 158 (Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies, February 2008), p. 9.
99. Michael Wines, "China's Influence in Africa Arouses Some Resistance", New York Times (10 February 2007), p. 3.
100. Jonathan Holslag, "China's Diplomatic Manoeuvring on the Question of Dafur", Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 17, No. 54 (2008), pp. 72-84.
101. Philip J. Cunningham, "A Sorry Hollywood Story", New York Times (1 December 2008), available: (accessed 5 August 2008).
102. Andrew S. Natsios, "Beyond Darfur: Sudan's Slide toward Civil War", Foreign Affairs, Vol. 87, No. 3 (2008), pp. 77-93.
103. Morrison, op. cit., p. 187.