Perchlorate formation by ozone oxidation of aqueous chlorine/oxy-chlorine species: Role of ClxOy radicals

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 44, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 2961-2967

  Rao, Balaji ^a   Anderson, Todd A ^b   Redder, Aaron ^c   Jackson, W Andrew ^a  

^a Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering   (United States)

^b TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c FREESE AND NICHOLS INC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES; CL-CONCENTRATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL OCCURRENCE; FORMATION PATHWAYS; IN-PROCESS; OXIDATION STATE; OZONE OXIDATION; POTENTIAL MECHANISM; RELEVANT REACTIONS; WET DEPOSITION;

CHLORINE; OZONE; REACTION RATES;

OXIDATION;

CHLORATE; CHLORINE; OZONE; PERCHLORATE; RADICAL;

ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FREE RADICAL; OXIDATION; OZONE; PERCHLORATE; PH; WET DEPOSITION;

AQUEOUS HUMOR FLOW; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL REACTION; ENVIRONMENT; OXIDATION; PH; PRODUCTIVITY; STRATOSPHERE; UNITED STATES; WASTE WATER; WET DEPOSITION;

CHLORINE; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; OZONE; PERCHLORIC ACID;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 77950937773     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es903065f     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Ericksen, G. E. Geology and origin of the Chilean nitrate deposits; U.S. Geological Survey, Prof. Paper 1188, 1981; 37p.
2. Michalski, G.; Böhlke, J. K.; Thiemens, M. Long-term atmospheric deposition as the source of nitrate and other salts in the Atacama desert, Chile: New evidence from mass-independent oxygen isotopic composition Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2004, 68, 4023 - 4038
3. Bao, H.; Gu, B. Natural perchlorate has a unique oxygen isotope signature Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 5073 - 5077
4. Rajagopalan, S.; Anderson, T. A.; Fahlquist, L.; Rainwater, K. A.; Ridley, M.; Jackson, A. W. Widespread presence of naturally occurring perchlorate in High Plains of Texas and New Mexico Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 3156 - 3162
5. Rao, B.; Anderson, T. A.; Orris, G. J.; Rainwater, K. A.; Rajagopalan, S.; Sandvig, R. M.; Scanlon, B. R.; Stonestrom, D. A.; Walvoord, M. A.; Jackson, W. A. Widespread natural perchlorate in unsaturated zones of the Southwest United States Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 4522 - 4528
6. Orris, G. J.; Harvey, G. J.; Tsui, D. T.; Eldridge, J. E. Preliminary analyses for perchlorate in selected natural materials and their derivative products; USGS Open File Report 03-314; USGS, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2003.
7. Plummer, L. N.; Böhlke, J. K.; Doughten, M. W. Perchlorate in pleistocene and holocene groundwater in North-Central New Mexico Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 4586 - 4593
8. Rajagopalan, S.; Anderson, T.; Cox, S.; Harvey, G.; Cheng, Q. Perchlorate in wet deposition across North America Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 616 - 622
9. Simonatis, C.; Heicklen, J. Perchloric acid: A possible sink for stratospheric chlorine Plant. Space. Sci. 1975, 23, 1567 - 1569
10. Murphy, D. M.; Thomson, D. S. Halogen ions and NO+ in the mass spectra of aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere Geophys. Res. Lett. 2000, 27, 3217 - 3220
11. 4 production on sulfate aerosols Geophys. Res. Lett. 1996, 23, 1749 - 1752
12. Kang, N.; Jackson, W. A.; Dasgupta, P. K.; Anderson, T. A. Perchlorate production by ozone oxidation of chloride in aqueous and dry systems Sci. Total Environ. 2008, 405, 301 - 309
13. Kang, N.; Anderson, T. A.; Jackson, W. A. Photochemical formation of perchlorate from aqueous oxychlorine anions Anal. Chim. Acta 2006, 567, 48 - 56
14. Kang, N.; Anderson, T. A.; Rao, B.; Jackson, W. A. Characteristics of perchlorate formation via photodissociation of aqueous chlorite Environ. Chem. 2009, 6, 53
15. Furman, C. S.; Margerum, D. W. Mechanism of chlorine dioxide and chlorate ion formation from the reaction of hypobromous acid and chlorite ion Inorg. Chem. 1998, 37, 4321 - 4327
16. Hart, E. J.; Sehested, K.; Holeman, J. Molar absorptivities of ultraviolet and visible bands of ozone in aqueous solutions Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 46 - 49
17. Nicoson, J. S.; Wang, L.; Becker, R. H.; Hartz, K. E. H.; Muller, C. E.; Margerum, D. W. Kinetics and mechanisms of the ozone/bromite and ozone/chlorite reactions Inorg. Chem. 2002, 41 (11) 2975 - 2980
18. 2 J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 760 - 763
19. Hoigné, J.; Bader, H.; Haag, W. R.; Staehelin, J. Rate constants of direct reactions of ozone with organic and inorganic compounds in water-III. Inorganic compounds and Radicals Water Res. 1985, 19 (8) 993 - 1004
20. 3solutions J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 740 - 743
21. Horváth, M.; Bilitzky, L.; Huttner, J. Ozone; Elsevier: New York, 1985.
22. Siddiqui, M. S. Chlorine-ozone interactions: Formation of chlorate Water Res. 1996, 30 (9) 2160 - 2170
23. Obvintseva, L. A.; Chibirova, F. K.; Kazakov, S. A.; Avetisov, A. K.; Srobkova, M. V.; Finogenova, N. V. Semiconductor sensors application for definition of factor of ozone heterogenous destruction on Teflon surface Sensors 2003, 3, 504 - 508
24. Haag, W. R.; Hoigné, J. Ozonation of water containing chlorine or chloramines: Reaction products and kinetics Water Res. 1983, 17 (10) 1397 - 1402
25. Jansen, M.; Schatte, G.; Tobais, K. M.; Willner, H. Properties of dichlorine hexaoxide in the gas phase and in low-temperature matrices. Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 1703 - 1706
26. 2-saturated aqueous solutions J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 2005, 171, 59 - 67
27. 3 J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 2004, 162, 353 - 370
28. Wiberg, N.; Eagleson, M.; Aylett, B. J., Eds. Inorg. Chem., 1st ed.; Academic Press: New York, 2001.
29. 3 radical in aqueous chlorate solution by pulse radiolysis J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 190 - 192
30. 3 radical J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1997, 93 (4) 533 - 536
31. Solomon, S.; Mount, G. H.; Sanders, R. W.; Jakoubek, R. O.; Schmeltekopf, A. L. Observations of the nightime abundance of OClO in the winter stratosphere above Thule, Greenland Science 1988, 242 (4878) 550 - 555
32. Solomon, S.; Sanders, R. W.; Garcia, R. R.; Keys, J. G. Increased chlorine dioxide over Antarctica caused by volcanic aerosols from Mount Pinatubo Nature 1993, 363, 245 - 248
33. Parthiban, S.; Raghunandan, B. N.; Sumathi, R. Ab initio study of the molecular structure and vibrational spectra of dichlorine hexoxide and its significance to stratospheric ozone depletion Chem. Phys. 1995, 199, 183 - 193