메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 247-272

Decreasing central line associated bloodstream infection in neonatal intensive care

Author keywords

Bloodstream infection; Central line associated bloodstream infection; Nosocomial infection; Quality improvement

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 77950919263     PISSN: 00955108     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2010.01.014     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (50)

References (168)
  • 1
    • 0022476915 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional practices and outcome of extremely premature infants
    • Unger A., Goetzman B.W., Chan C., et al. Nutritional practices and outcome of extremely premature infants. Am J Dis Child 1986, 140:1027-1033.
    • (1986) Am J Dis Child , vol.140 , pp. 1027-1033
    • Unger, A.1    Goetzman, B.W.2    Chan, C.3
  • 2
    • 17144441331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and development of potentially better practices to prevent neonatal nosocomial bacteremia
    • Kilbride H.W., Powers R., Wirtschafter D.D., et al. Evaluation and development of potentially better practices to prevent neonatal nosocomial bacteremia. Pediatrics 2003, 111:e504-e518.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.111
    • Kilbride, H.W.1    Powers, R.2    Wirtschafter, D.D.3
  • 3
    • 0037394121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of evidence-based potentially better practices to decrease nosocomial infections
    • Kilbride H.W., Wirtschafter D.D., Powers R.J., et al. Implementation of evidence-based potentially better practices to decrease nosocomial infections. Pediatrics 2003, 111(4 Pt 2):e519-e533.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.111 , Issue.4 PART 2
    • Kilbride, H.W.1    Wirtschafter, D.D.2    Powers, R.J.3
  • 4
    • 0036489350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leading organisational learning in health care
    • Carroll J.S., Edmondson A.C. Leading organisational learning in health care. Qual Saf Health Care 2002, 11:51-56.
    • (2002) Qual Saf Health Care , vol.11 , pp. 51-56
    • Carroll, J.S.1    Edmondson, A.C.2
  • 5
    • 40749114026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The science of improvement
    • Berwick D.M. The science of improvement. JAMA 2008, 299:1182-1184.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.299 , pp. 1182-1184
    • Berwick, D.M.1
  • 7
    • 0031682945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspective: attributable mortality: the promise of better antimicrobial therapy
    • Wenzel R.P. Perspective: attributable mortality: the promise of better antimicrobial therapy. J Infect Dis 1998, 178:917-919.
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.178 , pp. 917-919
    • Wenzel, R.P.1
  • 8
    • 0019408574 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial bloodstream infections in a newborn intensive care unit: a case-matched control study of morbidity, mortality and risk
    • Townsend T.R., Wenzel R.P. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in a newborn intensive care unit: a case-matched control study of morbidity, mortality and risk. Am J Epidemiol 1981, 114:73-80.
    • (1981) Am J Epidemiol , vol.114 , pp. 73-80
    • Townsend, T.R.1    Wenzel, R.P.2
  • 9
    • 0035740425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal late-onset bloodstream infection: attributable mortality, excess of length of stay and risk factors
    • Pessoa-Silva C.L., Miyasaki C.H., de Almeida M.F., et al. Neonatal late-onset bloodstream infection: attributable mortality, excess of length of stay and risk factors. Eur J Epidemiol 2001, 17:715-720.
    • (2001) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.17 , pp. 715-720
    • Pessoa-Silva, C.L.1    Miyasaki, C.H.2    de Almeida, M.F.3
  • 10
    • 18444388276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network
    • Stoll B.J., Hansen N., Fanaroff A.A., et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics 2002, 110:285-291.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.110 , pp. 285-291
    • Stoll, B.J.1    Hansen, N.2    Fanaroff, A.A.3
  • 11
    • 8544252449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodevelopmental and growth impairment among extremely low-birth-weight infants with neonatal infection
    • Stoll B.J., Hansen N.I., Adams-Chapman I., et al. Neurodevelopmental and growth impairment among extremely low-birth-weight infants with neonatal infection. JAMA 2004, 292:2357-2365.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 2357-2365
    • Stoll, B.J.1    Hansen, N.I.2    Adams-Chapman, I.3
  • 12
    • 47049100389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse neurodevelopment in preterm infants with postnatal sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis is mediated by white matter abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging at term
    • 5 e1
    • Shah D.K., Doyle L.W., Anderson P.J., et al. Adverse neurodevelopment in preterm infants with postnatal sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis is mediated by white matter abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging at term. J Pediatr 2008, 153:170-175. 5 e1.
    • (2008) J Pediatr , vol.153 , pp. 170-175
    • Shah, D.K.1    Doyle, L.W.2    Anderson, P.J.3
  • 13
    • 49849086070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent postnatal infections are associated with progressive white matter injury in premature infants
    • Glass H.C., Bonifacio S.L., Chau V., et al. Recurrent postnatal infections are associated with progressive white matter injury in premature infants. Pediatrics 2008, 122:299-305.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.122 , pp. 299-305
    • Glass, H.C.1    Bonifacio, S.L.2    Chau, V.3
  • 14
    • 33745700290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perinatal white matter injury: the changing spectrum of pathology and emerging insights into pathogenetic mechanisms
    • Back S.A. Perinatal white matter injury: the changing spectrum of pathology and emerging insights into pathogenetic mechanisms. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2006, 12:129-140.
    • (2006) Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev , vol.12 , pp. 129-140
    • Back, S.A.1
  • 15
    • 66049098189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrauterine inflammation, neonatal sepsis, and chronic lung disease: a 13-year hospital cohort study
    • Lahra M.M., Beeby P.J., Jeffery H.E. Intrauterine inflammation, neonatal sepsis, and chronic lung disease: a 13-year hospital cohort study. Pediatrics 2009, 123:1314-1319.
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.123 , pp. 1314-1319
    • Lahra, M.M.1    Beeby, P.J.2    Jeffery, H.E.3
  • 16
    • 34147110953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early central catheter infections may contribute to hepatic fibrosis in children receiving long-term parenteral nutrition
    • Hermans D., Talbotec C., Lacaille F., et al. Early central catheter infections may contribute to hepatic fibrosis in children receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2007, 44:459-463.
    • (2007) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.44 , pp. 459-463
    • Hermans, D.1    Talbotec, C.2    Lacaille, F.3
  • 17
    • 3442889070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marginal increase in cost and excess length of stay associated with nosocomial bloodstream infections in surviving very low birth weight infants
    • Payne N.R., Carpenter J.H., Badger G.J., et al. Marginal increase in cost and excess length of stay associated with nosocomial bloodstream infections in surviving very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 2004, 114:348-355.
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.114 , pp. 348-355
    • Payne, N.R.1    Carpenter, J.H.2    Badger, G.J.3
  • 18
    • 0034946140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additional hospital stay and charges due to hospital-acquired infections in a neonatal intensive care unit
    • Mahieu L.M., Buitenweg N., Beutels P., et al. Additional hospital stay and charges due to hospital-acquired infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 2001, 47:223-229.
    • (2001) J Hosp Infect , vol.47 , pp. 223-229
    • Mahieu, L.M.1    Buitenweg, N.2    Beutels, P.3
  • 19
    • 0037047431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • O'Grady N.P., Alexander M., Dellinger E.P., et al. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep 2002, 51:1-29.
    • (2002) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.51 , pp. 1-29
    • O'Grady, N.P.1    Alexander, M.2    Dellinger, E.P.3
  • 20
    • 23044515004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic relatedness of Staphylococcus epidermidis from infected infants and staff in the neonatal intensive care unit
    • Milisavljevic V., Wu F., Cimmotti J., et al. Genetic relatedness of Staphylococcus epidermidis from infected infants and staff in the neonatal intensive care unit. Am J Infect Control 2005, 33:341-347.
    • (2005) Am J Infect Control , vol.33 , pp. 341-347
    • Milisavljevic, V.1    Wu, F.2    Cimmotti, J.3
  • 21
    • 0029152027 scopus 로고
    • APIC guideline for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings
    • Larson E.L. APIC guideline for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings. Am J Infect Control 1995, 23:251-269.
    • (1995) Am J Infect Control , vol.23 , pp. 251-269
    • Larson, E.L.1
  • 23
    • 0013899572 scopus 로고
    • Semmelweis commemoration. Semmelweis and the oath of Hippocrates
    • Elek S.D. Semmelweis commemoration. Semmelweis and the oath of Hippocrates. Proc R Soc Med 1966, 59:346-352.
    • (1966) Proc R Soc Med , vol.59 , pp. 346-352
    • Elek, S.D.1
  • 24
    • 0026250382 scopus 로고
    • Failure of bland soap handwash to prevent hand transfer of patient bacteria to urethral catheters
    • Ehrenkranz N.J., Alfonso B.C. Failure of bland soap handwash to prevent hand transfer of patient bacteria to urethral catheters. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1991, 12:654-662.
    • (1991) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.12 , pp. 654-662
    • Ehrenkranz, N.J.1    Alfonso, B.C.2
  • 25
    • 0017395762 scopus 로고
    • Gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes in a urological ward
    • Casewell M.W., Dalton M.T., Webster M., et al. Gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes in a urological ward. Lancet 1977, 2:444-446.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 444-446
    • Casewell, M.W.1    Dalton, M.T.2    Webster, M.3
  • 26
    • 0024654607 scopus 로고
    • The use of antiseptics for handwashing by medical personnel
    • Maki D.G. The use of antiseptics for handwashing by medical personnel. J Chemother 1989, 1(Suppl 1):3-11.
    • (1989) J Chemother , vol.1 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 3-11
    • Maki, D.G.1
  • 27
    • 0042520994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complexity theory in the management of communicable diseases
    • Simmons M. Complexity theory in the management of communicable diseases. J Hosp Infect 2003, 54:87-92.
    • (2003) J Hosp Infect , vol.54 , pp. 87-92
    • Simmons, M.1
  • 28
    • 0026645501 scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy of alternative hand-washing agents in reducing nosocomial infections in intensive care units
    • Doebbeling B.N., Stanley G.L., Sheetz C.T., et al. Comparative efficacy of alternative hand-washing agents in reducing nosocomial infections in intensive care units. N Engl J Med 1992, 327:88-93.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 88-93
    • Doebbeling, B.N.1    Stanley, G.L.2    Sheetz, C.T.3
  • 29
    • 0028047194 scopus 로고
    • Elimination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a neonatal intensive care unit after hand washing with triclosan
    • Webster J., Faoagali J.L., Cartwright D. Elimination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a neonatal intensive care unit after hand washing with triclosan. J Paediatr Child Health 1994, 30:59-64.
    • (1994) J Paediatr Child Health , vol.30 , pp. 59-64
    • Webster, J.1    Faoagali, J.L.2    Cartwright, D.3
  • 30
    • 0029020337 scopus 로고
    • Use of 0.3% triclosan (Bacti-Stat) to eradicate an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal nursery
    • Zafar A.B., Butler R.C., Reese D.J., et al. Use of 0.3% triclosan (Bacti-Stat) to eradicate an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal nursery. Am J Infect Control 1995, 23:200-208.
    • (1995) Am J Infect Control , vol.23 , pp. 200-208
    • Zafar, A.B.1    Butler, R.C.2    Reese, D.J.3
  • 31
    • 0033899795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An organizational climate intervention associated with increased handwashing and decreased nosocomial infections
    • Larson E.L., Early E., Cloonan P., et al. An organizational climate intervention associated with increased handwashing and decreased nosocomial infections. Behav Med 2000, 26:14-22.
    • (2000) Behav Med , vol.26 , pp. 14-22
    • Larson, E.L.1    Early, E.2    Cloonan, P.3
  • 32
    • 0036197312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of an evidence-based hand washing policy on hand washing rates and false-positive coagulase negative staphylococcus blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture rates in a level III NICU
    • Sharek P.J., Benitz W.E., Abel N.J., et al. Effect of an evidence-based hand washing policy on hand washing rates and false-positive coagulase negative staphylococcus blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture rates in a level III NICU. J Perinatol 2002, 22(2):137-143.
    • (2002) J Perinatol , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-143
    • Sharek, P.J.1    Benitz, W.E.2    Abel, N.J.3
  • 33
    • 0018415554 scopus 로고
    • A laboratory model for the investigation of contact transfer of micro-organisms
    • Marples R.R., Towers A.G. A laboratory model for the investigation of contact transfer of micro-organisms. J Hyg (Lond) 1979, 82:237-248.
    • (1979) J Hyg (Lond) , vol.82 , pp. 237-248
    • Marples, R.R.1    Towers, A.G.2
  • 34
    • 0021210962 scopus 로고
    • An extended model for transfer of micro-organisms via the hands: differences between organisms and the effect of alcohol disinfection
    • Mackintosh C.A., Hoffman P.N. An extended model for transfer of micro-organisms via the hands: differences between organisms and the effect of alcohol disinfection. J Hyg (Lond) 1984, 92:345-355.
    • (1984) J Hyg (Lond) , vol.92 , pp. 345-355
    • Mackintosh, C.A.1    Hoffman, P.N.2
  • 35
    • 0033591467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections
    • Costerton J.W., Stewart P.S., Greenberg E.P. Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science 1999, 284:1318-1322.
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 1318-1322
    • Costerton, J.W.1    Stewart, P.S.2    Greenberg, E.P.3
  • 36
    • 77950927476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improve CRBSI prevention: target intraluminal risks. 2009;(8). Available at: Accessed January 8,
    • Ryder M. Improve CRBSI prevention: target intraluminal risks. 2009;(8). Available at: Accessed January 8, 2010. http://www.executivehm.com/article/Improve-CRBSI-Prevention-Target-Intraluminal-Risks/.
    • (2010)
    • Ryder, M.1
  • 37
    • 67349191174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Measurement and interpretation of hand hygiene compliance rates: importance of monitoring entire care episodes': reply to Professor Gould
    • Eveillard M., Joly-Guillou M.L. 'Measurement and interpretation of hand hygiene compliance rates: importance of monitoring entire care episodes': reply to Professor Gould. J Hosp Infect 2009, 72(3):211-217.
    • (2009) J Hosp Infect , vol.72 , Issue.3 , pp. 211-217
    • Eveillard, M.1    Joly-Guillou, M.L.2
  • 38
    • 1342332684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of nosocomial pathogens on hands after contact with environmental surfaces near hospitalized patients
    • Bhalla A., Pultz N.J., Gries D.M., et al. Acquisition of nosocomial pathogens on hands after contact with environmental surfaces near hospitalized patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004, 25:164-167.
    • (2004) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.25 , pp. 164-167
    • Bhalla, A.1    Pultz, N.J.2    Gries, D.M.3
  • 39
    • 66949140382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
    • Mermel L.A., Allon M., Bouza E., et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2009, 49:1-45.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.49 , pp. 1-45
    • Mermel, L.A.1    Allon, M.2    Bouza, E.3
  • 40
    • 0027447293 scopus 로고
    • Use of disinfectants to reduce microbial contamination of hubs of vascular catheters
    • Salzman M.B., Isenberg H.D., Rubin L.G. Use of disinfectants to reduce microbial contamination of hubs of vascular catheters. J Clin Microbiol 1993, 31:475-479.
    • (1993) J Clin Microbiol , vol.31 , pp. 475-479
    • Salzman, M.B.1    Isenberg, H.D.2    Rubin, L.G.3
  • 41
    • 0034937113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catheter manipulations and the risk of catheter-associated bloodstream infection in neonatal intensive care unit patients
    • Mahieu L.M., De Dooy J.J., Lenaerts A.E., et al. Catheter manipulations and the risk of catheter-associated bloodstream infection in neonatal intensive care unit patients. J Hosp Infect 2001, 48:20-26.
    • (2001) J Hosp Infect , vol.48 , pp. 20-26
    • Mahieu, L.M.1    De Dooy, J.J.2    Lenaerts, A.E.3
  • 42
    • 0034916903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for central vascular catheter-associated bloodstream infections among patients in a neonatal intensive care unit
    • Mahieu L.M., De Muynck A.O., Ieven M.M., et al. Risk factors for central vascular catheter-associated bloodstream infections among patients in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 2001, 48:108-116.
    • (2001) J Hosp Infect , vol.48 , pp. 108-116
    • Mahieu, L.M.1    De Muynck, A.O.2    Ieven, M.M.3
  • 43
    • 39449098786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cohort study of the pathogenesis and molecular epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infection in neonates with peripherally inserted central venous catheters
    • Garland J.S., Alex C.P., Sevallius J.M., et al. Cohort study of the pathogenesis and molecular epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infection in neonates with peripherally inserted central venous catheters. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008, 29:243-249.
    • (2008) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.29 , pp. 243-249
    • Garland, J.S.1    Alex, C.P.2    Sevallius, J.M.3
  • 44
    • 0027459926 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the catheter hub as the portal of entry for microorganisms causing catheter-related sepsis in neonates
    • Salzman M.B., Isenberg H.D., Shapiro J.F., et al. A prospective study of the catheter hub as the portal of entry for microorganisms causing catheter-related sepsis in neonates. J Infect Dis 1993, 167:487-490.
    • (1993) J Infect Dis , vol.167 , pp. 487-490
    • Salzman, M.B.1    Isenberg, H.D.2    Shapiro, J.F.3
  • 45
    • 55249096051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Report, data summary for 2006 through 2007, issued November 2008
    • Edwards J.R., Peterson K.D., Andrus M.L., et al. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Report, data summary for 2006 through 2007, issued November 2008. Am J Infect Control 2008, 36:609-626.
    • (2008) Am J Infect Control , vol.36 , pp. 609-626
    • Edwards, J.R.1    Peterson, K.D.2    Andrus, M.L.3
  • 46
    • 0025904852 scopus 로고
    • Coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection in the neonate
    • St Geme J.W., Harris M.C. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection in the neonate. Clin Perinatol 1991, 18:281-302.
    • (1991) Clin Perinatol , vol.18 , pp. 281-302
    • St Geme, J.W.1    Harris, M.C.2
  • 47
    • 0036142480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of late-onset sepsis among very low birth weight infants in Israel: a national survey
    • Makhoul I.R., Sujov P., Smolkin T., et al. Epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of late-onset sepsis among very low birth weight infants in Israel: a national survey. Pediatrics 2002, 109:34-39.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , pp. 34-39
    • Makhoul, I.R.1    Sujov, P.2    Smolkin, T.3
  • 48
    • 33644806616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • All-or-none measurement raises the bar on performance
    • Nolan T., Berwick D.M. All-or-none measurement raises the bar on performance. JAMA 2006, 295:1168-1170.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1168-1170
    • Nolan, T.1    Berwick, D.M.2
  • 49
    • 8444230449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sepsis change bundles: converting guidelines into meaningful change in behavior and clinical outcome
    • Levy M.M., Pronovost P.J., Dellinger R.P., et al. Sepsis change bundles: converting guidelines into meaningful change in behavior and clinical outcome. Crit Care Med 2004, 32:S595-S597.
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32
    • Levy, M.M.1    Pronovost, P.J.2    Dellinger, R.P.3
  • 50
    • 0036237722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • " Proactive" management of percutaneously inserted central catheters results in decreased incidence of infection in the ELBW population
    • Golombek S.G., Rohan A.J., Parvez B., et al. " Proactive" management of percutaneously inserted central catheters results in decreased incidence of infection in the ELBW population. J Perinatol 2002, 22:209-213.
    • (2002) J Perinatol , vol.22 , pp. 209-213
    • Golombek, S.G.1    Rohan, A.J.2    Parvez, B.3
  • 51
    • 24644522858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of a multi-factorial prevention strategy on the impact of nosocomial infection in very-low-birthweight infants
    • Andersen C., Hart J., Vemgal P., et al. Prospective evaluation of a multi-factorial prevention strategy on the impact of nosocomial infection in very-low-birthweight infants. J Hosp Infect 2005, 61:162-167.
    • (2005) J Hosp Infect , vol.61 , pp. 162-167
    • Andersen, C.1    Hart, J.2    Vemgal, P.3
  • 52
    • 27744495959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is bloodstream infection preventable among premature infants? A tale of two cities
    • Aly H., Herson V., Duncan A., et al. Is bloodstream infection preventable among premature infants? A tale of two cities. Pediatrics 2005, 115:1513-1518.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.115 , pp. 1513-1518
    • Aly, H.1    Herson, V.2    Duncan, A.3
  • 53
    • 33646230778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained reductions in neonatal nosocomial infection rates following a comprehensive infection control intervention
    • Schelonka R.L., Scruggs S., Nichols K., et al. Sustained reductions in neonatal nosocomial infection rates following a comprehensive infection control intervention. J Perinatol 2006, 26:176-179.
    • (2006) J Perinatol , vol.26 , pp. 176-179
    • Schelonka, R.L.1    Scruggs, S.2    Nichols, K.3
  • 54
    • 77649235209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A statewide quality improvement collaborative to reduce neonatal central line-associated blood stream infections
    • Wirtschafter D.D., Pettit J., Kurtin P., et al. A statewide quality improvement collaborative to reduce neonatal central line-associated blood stream infections. J Perinatol 2010, 30:170-181.
    • (2010) J Perinatol , vol.30 , pp. 170-181
    • Wirtschafter, D.D.1    Pettit, J.2    Kurtin, P.3
  • 55
    • 70350228775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the quality of care for infants: a cluster randomized controlled trial
    • Lee S.K., Aziz K., Singhal N., et al. Improving the quality of care for infants: a cluster randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 2009, 181:469-476.
    • (2009) CMAJ , vol.181 , pp. 469-476
    • Lee, S.K.1    Aziz, K.2    Singhal, N.3
  • 56
    • 65549128562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using care bundles to prevent infection in neonatal and paediatric ICUs
    • Lachman P., Yuen S. Using care bundles to prevent infection in neonatal and paediatric ICUs. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2009, 22:224-228.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 224-228
    • Lachman, P.1    Yuen, S.2
  • 57
    • 0020776307 scopus 로고
    • NIH consensus Development Conference on critical care medicine
    • NIH consensus Development Conference on critical care medicine. Crit Care Med 1983, 11:466-469.
    • (1983) Crit Care Med , vol.11 , pp. 466-469
  • 58
    • 41649110810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of professional society guidelines and consensus conference statements in critical care
    • Sinuff T., Patel R.V., Adhikari N.K., et al. Quality of professional society guidelines and consensus conference statements in critical care. Crit Care Med 2008, 36:1049-1058.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 1049-1058
    • Sinuff, T.1    Patel, R.V.2    Adhikari, N.K.3
  • 59
    • 25144488243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of evidence-based pediatric guidelines
    • Boluyt N., Lincke C.R., Offringa M. Quality of evidence-based pediatric guidelines. Pediatrics 2005, 115:1378-1391.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.115 , pp. 1378-1391
    • Boluyt, N.1    Lincke, C.R.2    Offringa, M.3
  • 60
    • 0030949414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guidelines in pediatric and newborn medicine: implications for their use in practice
    • Merritt T.A., Palmer D., Bergman D.A., et al. Clinical practice guidelines in pediatric and newborn medicine: implications for their use in practice. Pediatrics 1997, 99:100-114.
    • (1997) Pediatrics , vol.99 , pp. 100-114
    • Merritt, T.A.1    Palmer, D.2    Bergman, D.A.3
  • 61
    • 0033026644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical evaluation of clinical practice guidelines in neonatal medicine: does their use improve quality and lower costs?
    • Merritt T.A., Gold M., Holland J. A critical evaluation of clinical practice guidelines in neonatal medicine: does their use improve quality and lower costs?. J Eval Clin Pract 1999, 5:169-177.
    • (1999) J Eval Clin Pract , vol.5 , pp. 169-177
    • Merritt, T.A.1    Gold, M.2    Holland, J.3
  • 62
    • 0032721879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why don't physicians follow clinical practice guidelines? A framework for improvement
    • Cabana M.D., Rand C.S., Powe N.R., et al. Why don't physicians follow clinical practice guidelines? A framework for improvement. JAMA 1999, 282:1458-1465.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 1458-1465
    • Cabana, M.D.1    Rand, C.S.2    Powe, N.R.3
  • 63
    • 60149088722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systems ambiguity and guideline compliance: a qualitative study of how intensive care units follow evidence-based guidelines to reduce healthcare-associated infections
    • Gurses A.P., Seidl K.L., Vaidya V., et al. Systems ambiguity and guideline compliance: a qualitative study of how intensive care units follow evidence-based guidelines to reduce healthcare-associated infections. Qual Saf Health Care 2008, 17:351-359.
    • (2008) Qual Saf Health Care , vol.17 , pp. 351-359
    • Gurses, A.P.1    Seidl, K.L.2    Vaidya, V.3
  • 64
    • 21244503158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bloodstream infection: an ounce of prevention is a ton of work
    • Safdar N. Bloodstream infection: an ounce of prevention is a ton of work. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005, 26:511-514.
    • (2005) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.26 , pp. 511-514
    • Safdar, N.1
  • 65
    • 41549151944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for the prevention of hospital-acquired infections in the neonatal intensive care unit
    • Borghesi A., Stronati M. Strategies for the prevention of hospital-acquired infections in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 2008, 68:293-300.
    • (2008) J Hosp Infect , vol.68 , pp. 293-300
    • Borghesi, A.1    Stronati, M.2
  • 66
    • 77950932009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NHSN patient safety component protocol. January 2008. Available at: Accessed January 8,
    • NHSN patient safety component protocol. January 2008. Available at: Accessed January 8, 2010. http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/provgovpart/initiatives/nqi/Documents/NHSNManPSPCurr.pdf.
    • (2010)
  • 67
    • 68149156780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal intensive care unit collaboration to decrease hospital-acquired bloodstream infections: from comparative performance reports to improvement networks
    • Schulman J., Wirtschafter D.D., Kurtin P. Neonatal intensive care unit collaboration to decrease hospital-acquired bloodstream infections: from comparative performance reports to improvement networks. Pediatr Clin North Am 2009, 56:865-892.
    • (2009) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.56 , pp. 865-892
    • Schulman, J.1    Wirtschafter, D.D.2    Kurtin, P.3
  • 68
    • 57149130542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting zero health care-associated infections
    • Warye K.L., Murphy D.M. Targeting zero health care-associated infections. Am J Infect Control 2008, 36:683-684.
    • (2008) Am J Infect Control , vol.36 , pp. 683-684
    • Warye, K.L.1    Murphy, D.M.2
  • 69
    • 34249668843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of bundled behavioural interventions to control healthcare-associated infections: a systematic review of the literature
    • Aboelela S.W., Stone P.W., Larson E.L. Effectiveness of bundled behavioural interventions to control healthcare-associated infections: a systematic review of the literature. J Hosp Infect 2007, 66:101-108.
    • (2007) J Hosp Infect , vol.66 , pp. 101-108
    • Aboelela, S.W.1    Stone, P.W.2    Larson, E.L.3
  • 70
    • 33845880922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU
    • Pronovost P., Needham D., Berenholtz S., et al. An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med 2006, 355:2725-2732.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 2725-2732
    • Pronovost, P.1    Needham, D.2    Berenholtz, S.3
  • 71
    • 33745289757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire: psychometric properties, benchmarking data, and emerging research
    • Sexton J.B., Helmreich R.L., Neilands T.B., et al. The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire: psychometric properties, benchmarking data, and emerging research. BMC Health Serv Res 2006, 6:44.
    • (2006) BMC Health Serv Res , vol.6 , pp. 44
    • Sexton, J.B.1    Helmreich, R.L.2    Neilands, T.B.3
  • 72
    • 44649155796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving patient safety in intensive care units in Michigan
    • Pronovost P.J., Berenholtz S.M., Goeschel C., et al. Improving patient safety in intensive care units in Michigan. J Crit Care 2008, 23:207-221.
    • (2008) J Crit Care , vol.23 , pp. 207-221
    • Pronovost, P.J.1    Berenholtz, S.M.2    Goeschel, C.3
  • 73
    • 23644459784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing safety culture: guidelines and recommendations
    • Pronovost P., Sexton B. Assessing safety culture: guidelines and recommendations. Qual Saf Health Care 2005, 14:231-233.
    • (2005) Qual Saf Health Care , vol.14 , pp. 231-233
    • Pronovost, P.1    Sexton, B.2
  • 74
    • 1642389456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Senior executive adopt-a-work unit: a model for safety improvement
    • Pronovost P.J., Weast B., Bishop K., et al. Senior executive adopt-a-work unit: a model for safety improvement. Jt Comm J Qual Saf 2004, 30:59-68.
    • (2004) Jt Comm J Qual Saf , vol.30 , pp. 59-68
    • Pronovost, P.J.1    Weast, B.2    Bishop, K.3
  • 75
    • 0242490127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Driving improvement in patient care: lessons from Toyota
    • Thompson D.N., Wolf G.A., Spear S.J. Driving improvement in patient care: lessons from Toyota. J Nurs Adm 2003, 33:585-595.
    • (2003) J Nurs Adm , vol.33 , pp. 585-595
    • Thompson, D.N.1    Wolf, G.A.2    Spear, S.J.3
  • 76
    • 0019172471 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of hand washing and disinfection methods in removing transient bacteria after patient nursing
    • Ojajarvi J. Effectiveness of hand washing and disinfection methods in removing transient bacteria after patient nursing. J Hyg (Lond) 1980, 85:193-203.
    • (1980) J Hyg (Lond) , vol.85 , pp. 193-203
    • Ojajarvi, J.1
  • 77
    • 0023947474 scopus 로고
    • Hand disinfection: a comparison of various agents in laboratory and ward studies
    • Ayliffe G.A., Babb J.R., Davies J.G., et al. Hand disinfection: a comparison of various agents in laboratory and ward studies. J Hosp Infect 1988, 11:226-243.
    • (1988) J Hosp Infect , vol.11 , pp. 226-243
    • Ayliffe, G.A.1    Babb, J.R.2    Davies, J.G.3
  • 78
    • 0023617019 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of four antiseptic products containing chlorhexidine gluconate
    • Larson E.L., Laughon B.E. Comparison of four antiseptic products containing chlorhexidine gluconate. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother 1987, 31:1572-1574.
    • (1987) Antimicrobial Agents Chemother , vol.31 , pp. 1572-1574
    • Larson, E.L.1    Laughon, B.E.2
  • 79
    • 0026772748 scopus 로고
    • Handwashing and disinfection of heavily contaminated hands-effective or ineffective?
    • Kjolen H., Andersen B.M. Handwashing and disinfection of heavily contaminated hands-effective or ineffective?. J Hosp Infect 1992, 21:61-71.
    • (1992) J Hosp Infect , vol.21 , pp. 61-71
    • Kjolen, H.1    Andersen, B.M.2
  • 80
    • 0022495333 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of alcohol-based hand rinses under frequent-use conditions
    • Larson E.L., Eke P.I., Laughon B.E. Efficacy of alcohol-based hand rinses under frequent-use conditions. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother 1986, 30:542-544.
    • (1986) Antimicrobial Agents Chemother , vol.30 , pp. 542-544
    • Larson, E.L.1    Eke, P.I.2    Laughon, B.E.3
  • 81
    • 0033800647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin tolerance and effectiveness of two hand decontamination procedures in everyday hospital use
    • Winnefeld M., Richard M.A., Drancourt M., et al. Skin tolerance and effectiveness of two hand decontamination procedures in everyday hospital use. Br J Dermatol 2000, 143:546-550.
    • (2000) Br J Dermatol , vol.143 , pp. 546-550
    • Winnefeld, M.1    Richard, M.A.2    Drancourt, M.3
  • 82
    • 0033866035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin irritation and dryness associated with two hand-hygiene regimens: soap-and-water hand washing versus hand antisepsis with an alcoholic hand gel
    • Boyce J.M., Kelliher S., Vallande N. Skin irritation and dryness associated with two hand-hygiene regimens: soap-and-water hand washing versus hand antisepsis with an alcoholic hand gel. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000, 21:442-448.
    • (2000) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.21 , pp. 442-448
    • Boyce, J.M.1    Kelliher, S.2    Vallande, N.3
  • 83
    • 0035002502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of two hand hygiene regimens for intensive care unit personnel
    • Larson E.L., Aiello A.E., Bastyr J., et al. Assessment of two hand hygiene regimens for intensive care unit personnel. Crit Care Med 2001, 29:944-951.
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 944-951
    • Larson, E.L.1    Aiello, A.E.2    Bastyr, J.3
  • 84
    • 0034649075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Infection Control Programme
    • Pittet D., Hugonnet S., Harbarth S., et al. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Infection Control Programme. Lancet 2000, 356:1307-1312.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 1307-1312
    • Pittet, D.1    Hugonnet, S.2    Harbarth, S.3
  • 85
    • 33745925886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • System failure versus personal accountability-the case for clean hands
    • Goldmann D. System failure versus personal accountability-the case for clean hands. N Engl J Med 2006, 355:121-123.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 121-123
    • Goldmann, D.1
  • 86
    • 0026043706 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis and epidemiology of catheter-related infection with pulmonary artery Swan-Ganz catheters: a prospective study utilizing molecular subtyping
    • Mermel L.A., McCormick R.D., Springman S.R., et al. The pathogenesis and epidemiology of catheter-related infection with pulmonary artery Swan-Ganz catheters: a prospective study utilizing molecular subtyping. Am J Med 1991, 91:197S-205S.
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.91
    • Mermel, L.A.1    McCormick, R.D.2    Springman, S.R.3
  • 87
    • 0037018953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorhexidine compared with povidone-iodine solution for vascular catheter-site care: a meta-analysis
    • Chaiyakunapruk N., Veenstra D.L., Lipsky B.A., et al. Chlorhexidine compared with povidone-iodine solution for vascular catheter-site care: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2002, 136:792-801.
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.136 , pp. 792-801
    • Chaiyakunapruk, N.1    Veenstra, D.L.2    Lipsky, B.A.3
  • 88
    • 0029028517 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 10% povidone-iodine and 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate for the prevention of peripheral intravenous catheter colonization in neonates: a prospective trial
    • Garland J.S., Buck R.K., Maloney P., et al. Comparison of 10% povidone-iodine and 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate for the prevention of peripheral intravenous catheter colonization in neonates: a prospective trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995, 14:510-516.
    • (1995) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.14 , pp. 510-516
    • Garland, J.S.1    Buck, R.K.2    Maloney, P.3
  • 89
    • 34347364679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of anti-infective agents for skin preparation in premature infants
    • Upadhyayula S., Kambalapalli M., Harrison C.J. Safety of anti-infective agents for skin preparation in premature infants. Arch Dis Child 2007, 92:646-647.
    • (2007) Arch Dis Child , vol.92 , pp. 646-647
    • Upadhyayula, S.1    Kambalapalli, M.2    Harrison, C.J.3
  • 90
    • 0035226999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal skin care: evaluation of the AWHONN/NANN research-based practice project on knowledge and skin care practices. Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses/National Association of Neonatal Nurses
    • Lund C.H., Kuller J., Lane A.T., et al. Neonatal skin care: evaluation of the AWHONN/NANN research-based practice project on knowledge and skin care practices. Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses/National Association of Neonatal Nurses. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2001, 30:30-40.
    • (2001) J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs , vol.30 , pp. 30-40
    • Lund, C.H.1    Kuller, J.2    Lane, A.T.3
  • 91
    • 0028024798 scopus 로고
    • Initiating a pediatric peripherally inserted central catheter and midline catheter program
    • BeVier P.A., Rice C.E. Initiating a pediatric peripherally inserted central catheter and midline catheter program. J Intraven Nurs 1994, 17:201-205.
    • (1994) J Intraven Nurs , vol.17 , pp. 201-205
    • BeVier, P.A.1    Rice, C.E.2
  • 92
    • 0025115879 scopus 로고
    • Peripherally inserted central catheters. Development of a hospital-based program
    • Kyle K.S., Myers J.S. Peripherally inserted central catheters. Development of a hospital-based program. J Intraven Nurs 1990, 13:287-290.
    • (1990) J Intraven Nurs , vol.13 , pp. 287-290
    • Kyle, K.S.1    Myers, J.S.2
  • 93
    • 0032498733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of peripheral venous catheter complications with an intravenous therapy team: a randomized controlled trial
    • Soifer N.E., Borzak S., Edlin B.R., et al. Prevention of peripheral venous catheter complications with an intravenous therapy team: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 1998, 158:473-477.
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med , vol.158 , pp. 473-477
    • Soifer, N.E.1    Borzak, S.2    Edlin, B.R.3
  • 94
    • 34447647106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal peripherally inserted central catheter team. Evolution and outcomes of a bedside-nurse-designed program
    • Linck D.A., Donze A., Hamvas A. Neonatal peripherally inserted central catheter team. Evolution and outcomes of a bedside-nurse-designed program. Adv Neonatal Care 2007, 7:22-29.
    • (2007) Adv Neonatal Care , vol.7 , pp. 22-29
    • Linck, D.A.1    Donze, A.2    Hamvas, A.3
  • 95
    • 33746860832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial comparing long-term and short-term use of umbilical venous catheters in premature infants with birth weights of less than 1251 grams
    • Butler-O'Hara M., Buzzard C.J., Reubens L., et al. A randomized trial comparing long-term and short-term use of umbilical venous catheters in premature infants with birth weights of less than 1251 grams. Pediatrics 2006, 118:e25-e35.
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.118
    • Butler-O'Hara, M.1    Buzzard, C.J.2    Reubens, L.3
  • 96
    • 0023224784 scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of single and triple lumen catheters in total parenteral nutrition
    • McCarthy M.C., Shives J.K., Robison R.J., et al. Prospective evaluation of single and triple lumen catheters in total parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1987, 11:259-262.
    • (1987) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.11 , pp. 259-262
    • McCarthy, M.C.1    Shives, J.K.2    Robison, R.J.3
  • 97
    • 0021799444 scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial on the effect of tubing changes on hub contamination and catheter sepsis during parenteral nutrition
    • Sitges-Serra A., Linares J., Perez J.L., et al. A randomized trial on the effect of tubing changes on hub contamination and catheter sepsis during parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1985, 9:322-325.
    • (1985) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.9 , pp. 322-325
    • Sitges-Serra, A.1    Linares, J.2    Perez, J.L.3
  • 98
    • 0030815706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiologic evaluation of needleless and needle-access devices
    • Arduino M.J., Bland L.A., Danzig L.E., et al. Microbiologic evaluation of needleless and needle-access devices. Am J Infect Control 1997, 25:377-380.
    • (1997) Am J Infect Control , vol.25 , pp. 377-380
    • Arduino, M.J.1    Bland, L.A.2    Danzig, L.E.3
  • 99
    • 0022376017 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between intravenous fluid contamination and the frequency of tubing replacement
    • Josephson A., Gombert M.E., Sierra M.F., et al. The relationship between intravenous fluid contamination and the frequency of tubing replacement. Infect Control 1985, 6:367-370.
    • (1985) Infect Control , vol.6 , pp. 367-370
    • Josephson, A.1    Gombert, M.E.2    Sierra, M.F.3
  • 100
    • 0023621975 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of replacing administration sets for intravenous therapy at 48- vs 72-hour intervals. 72 hours is safe and cost-effective
    • Maki D.G., Botticelli J.T., LeRoy M.L., et al. Prospective study of replacing administration sets for intravenous therapy at 48- vs 72-hour intervals. 72 hours is safe and cost-effective. JAMA 1987, 258:1777-1781.
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.258 , pp. 1777-1781
    • Maki, D.G.1    Botticelli, J.T.2    LeRoy, M.L.3
  • 101
    • 0023189178 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous tubing containing burettes can be safely changed at 72 hour intervals
    • Snydman D.R., Donnelly-Reidy M., Perry L.K., et al. Intravenous tubing containing burettes can be safely changed at 72 hour intervals. Infect Control 1987, 8:113-116.
    • (1987) Infect Control , vol.8 , pp. 113-116
    • Snydman, D.R.1    Donnelly-Reidy, M.2    Perry, L.K.3
  • 102
    • 0030843125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential for catheter microbial contamination from a needleless connector
    • Brown J.D., Moss H.A., Elliott T.S. The potential for catheter microbial contamination from a needleless connector. J Hosp Infect 1997, 36:181-189.
    • (1997) J Hosp Infect , vol.36 , pp. 181-189
    • Brown, J.D.1    Moss, H.A.2    Elliott, T.S.3
  • 103
    • 0031827824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the microbial barrier properties of a needleless and a conventional needle-based intravenous access system
    • Luebke M.A., Arduino M.J., Duda D.L., et al. Comparison of the microbial barrier properties of a needleless and a conventional needle-based intravenous access system. Am J Infect Control 1998, 26:437-441.
    • (1998) Am J Infect Control , vol.26 , pp. 437-441
    • Luebke, M.A.1    Arduino, M.J.2    Duda, D.L.3
  • 104
    • 0031600535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased bloodstream infection rates in surgical patients associated with variation from recommended use and care following implementation of a needleless device
    • Cookson S.T., Ihrig M., O'Mara E.M., et al. Increased bloodstream infection rates in surgical patients associated with variation from recommended use and care following implementation of a needleless device. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998, 19:23-27.
    • (1998) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.19 , pp. 23-27
    • Cookson, S.T.1    Ihrig, M.2    O'Mara, E.M.3
  • 105
    • 0035123162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocol for detection of biofilms on needleless connectors attached to central venous catheters
    • Donlan R.M., Murga R., Bell M., et al. Protocol for detection of biofilms on needleless connectors attached to central venous catheters. J Clin Microbiol 2001, 39:750-753.
    • (2001) J Clin Microbiol , vol.39 , pp. 750-753
    • Donlan, R.M.1    Murga, R.2    Bell, M.3
  • 106
    • 0023206011 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of dressing regimens for prevention of infection with peripheral intravenous catheters. Gauze, a transparent polyurethane dressing, and an iodophor-transparent dressing
    • Maki D.G., Ringer M. Evaluation of dressing regimens for prevention of infection with peripheral intravenous catheters. Gauze, a transparent polyurethane dressing, and an iodophor-transparent dressing. JAMA 1987, 258:2396-2403.
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.258 , pp. 2396-2403
    • Maki, D.G.1    Ringer, M.2
  • 107
    • 0026587405 scopus 로고
    • Transparent polyurethane film as an intravenous catheter dressing. A meta-analysis of the infection risks
    • Hoffmann K.K., Weber D.J., Samsa G.P., et al. Transparent polyurethane film as an intravenous catheter dressing. A meta-analysis of the infection risks. JAMA 1992, 267:2072-2076.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 2072-2076
    • Hoffmann, K.K.1    Weber, D.J.2    Samsa, G.P.3
  • 108
    • 54049109310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiny patients, tiny dressings: a guide to the neonatal PICC dressing change
    • [quiz: 63-4]
    • Sharpe E.L. Tiny patients, tiny dressings: a guide to the neonatal PICC dressing change. Adv Neonatal Care 2008, 8:150-162. [quiz: 63-4].
    • (2008) Adv Neonatal Care , vol.8 , pp. 150-162
    • Sharpe, E.L.1
  • 110
    • 33645744906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infusion nursing standards of practice
    • Infusion Nurses Society
    • Infusion Nurses Society Infusion nursing standards of practice. J Infus Nurs 2006, 29:1-92.
    • (2006) J Infus Nurs , vol.29 , pp. 1-92
  • 111
    • 56249100351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections in acute care hospitals
    • Marschall J., Mermel L.A., Classen D., et al. Strategies to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections in acute care hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008, 29(Suppl 1):S22-S30.
    • (2008) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.29 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Marschall, J.1    Mermel, L.A.2    Classen, D.3
  • 112
    • 33646448761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disinfection of needleless catheter connectors and access ports with alcohol may not prevent microbial entry: the promise of a novel antiseptic-barrier cap
    • Menyhay S.Z., Maki D.G. Disinfection of needleless catheter connectors and access ports with alcohol may not prevent microbial entry: the promise of a novel antiseptic-barrier cap. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006, 27:23-27.
    • (2006) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.27 , pp. 23-27
    • Menyhay, S.Z.1    Maki, D.G.2
  • 113
    • 34648830564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful disinfection of needleless access ports: a matter of time and friction
    • Kaler W. Successful disinfection of needleless access ports: a matter of time and friction. JAVA 2007, 12:142.
    • (2007) JAVA , vol.12 , pp. 142
    • Kaler, W.1
  • 114
    • 33846921827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epic2: National evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England
    • Pratt R.J., Pellowe C.M., Wilson J.A., et al. Epic2: National evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England. J Hosp Infect 2007, 65(Suppl 1):S1-64.
    • (2007) J Hosp Infect , vol.65 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Pratt, R.J.1    Pellowe, C.M.2    Wilson, J.A.3
  • 115
    • 70349400298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fall in bloodstream infections followed a change to 2% chlorhexidine in 70% isopropanol for catheter connection antisepsis: a pediatric single center before/after study on a hemopoietic stem cell transplant ward
    • Soothill J.S., Bravery K., Ho A., et al. A fall in bloodstream infections followed a change to 2% chlorhexidine in 70% isopropanol for catheter connection antisepsis: a pediatric single center before/after study on a hemopoietic stem cell transplant ward. Am J Infect Control 2009, 37:626-630.
    • (2009) Am J Infect Control , vol.37 , pp. 626-630
    • Soothill, J.S.1    Bravery, K.2    Ho, A.3
  • 116
    • 77950920556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winning the War on CLABSIs: the role of education and new technology
    • Available at, Accessed January 8, 2010. Oct
    • Moureau N. Winning the War on CLABSIs: the role of education and new technology. Infection Control Today 2009, Oct:32-36. Available at: http://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/articles/clabsi-education-and-technology.html. Accessed January 8, 2010.
    • (2009) Infection Control Today , pp. 32-36
    • Moureau, N.1
  • 117
    • 77950932260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microscopic evaluation of microbial colonization on needleless connectors.
    • Ryder M, Schaudinn C, Gorur A, et al. Microscopic evaluation of microbial colonization on needleless connectors.2008.
    • (2008)
    • Ryder, M.1    Schaudinn, C.2    Gorur, A.3
  • 118
    • 0034994887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofilm formation by gram-negative bacteria on central venous catheter connectors: effect of conditioning films in a laboratory model
    • Murga R., Miller J.M., Donlan R.M. Biofilm formation by gram-negative bacteria on central venous catheter connectors: effect of conditioning films in a laboratory model. J Clin Microbiol 2001, 39:2294-2297.
    • (2001) J Clin Microbiol , vol.39 , pp. 2294-2297
    • Murga, R.1    Miller, J.M.2    Donlan, R.M.3
  • 119
    • 45549106144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofilms on central venous catheters: is eradication possible?
    • Donlan R.M. Biofilms on central venous catheters: is eradication possible?. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2008, 322:133-161.
    • (2008) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , vol.322 , pp. 133-161
    • Donlan, R.M.1
  • 121
    • 34250786073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased rate of catheter-related bloodstream infection associated with use of a needleless mechanical valve device at a long-term acute care hospital
    • Salgado C.D., Chinnes L., Paczesny T.H., et al. Increased rate of catheter-related bloodstream infection associated with use of a needleless mechanical valve device at a long-term acute care hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007, 28:684-688.
    • (2007) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.28 , pp. 684-688
    • Salgado, C.D.1    Chinnes, L.2    Paczesny, T.H.3
  • 122
    • 0033949078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective clinical study to investigate the microbial contamination of a needleless connector
    • Seymour V.M., Dhallu T.S., Moss H.A., et al. A prospective clinical study to investigate the microbial contamination of a needleless connector. J Hosp Infect 2000, 45:165-168.
    • (2000) J Hosp Infect , vol.45 , pp. 165-168
    • Seymour, V.M.1    Dhallu, T.S.2    Moss, H.A.3
  • 123
    • 63449100930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the evidence support the SHEA-IDSA recommendation on the use of positive-pressure mechanical valves?
    • [author reply: 3-4]
    • Edgar K.J. Does the evidence support the SHEA-IDSA recommendation on the use of positive-pressure mechanical valves?. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009, 30:402-403. [author reply: 3-4].
    • (2009) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.30 , pp. 402-403
    • Edgar, K.J.1
  • 124
    • 0025043656 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous central venous catheterization. Three years' experience in a neonatal intensive care unit
    • Chathas M.K., Paton J.B., Fisher D.E. Percutaneous central venous catheterization. Three years' experience in a neonatal intensive care unit. Am J Dis Child 1990, 144:1246-1250.
    • (1990) Am J Dis Child , vol.144 , pp. 1246-1250
    • Chathas, M.K.1    Paton, J.B.2    Fisher, D.E.3
  • 125
    • 0022544894 scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of percutaneous central venous silastic catheters in newborn infants with birth weights of 510 to 3,920 grams
    • Durand M., Ramanathan R., Martinelli B., et al. Prospective evaluation of percutaneous central venous silastic catheters in newborn infants with birth weights of 510 to 3,920 grams. Pediatrics 1986, 78:245-250.
    • (1986) Pediatrics , vol.78 , pp. 245-250
    • Durand, M.1    Ramanathan, R.2    Martinelli, B.3
  • 126
    • 0028836506 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous central venous catheter use in the very low birth weight neonate
    • Cairns P.A., Wilson D.C., McClure B.G., et al. Percutaneous central venous catheter use in the very low birth weight neonate. Eur J Pediatr 1995, 154:145-147.
    • (1995) Eur J Pediatr , vol.154 , pp. 145-147
    • Cairns, P.A.1    Wilson, D.C.2    McClure, B.G.3
  • 127
    • 67749114632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical review of the research literature on Six Sigma, Lean and StuderGroup's Hardwiring Excellence in the United States: the need to demonstrate and communicate the effectiveness of transformation strategies in healthcare
    • Vest J.R., Gamm L.D. A critical review of the research literature on Six Sigma, Lean and StuderGroup's Hardwiring Excellence in the United States: the need to demonstrate and communicate the effectiveness of transformation strategies in healthcare. Implement Sci 2009, 4:35.
    • (2009) Implement Sci , vol.4 , pp. 35
    • Vest, J.R.1    Gamm, L.D.2
  • 128
    • 68349154496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of organisation and management factors on infection control in hospitals: a scoping review
    • Griffiths P., Renz A., Hughes J., et al. Impact of organisation and management factors on infection control in hospitals: a scoping review. J Hosp Infect 2009, 73:1-14.
    • (2009) J Hosp Infect , vol.73 , pp. 1-14
    • Griffiths, P.1    Renz, A.2    Hughes, J.3
  • 129
    • 33748562476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using real-time problem solving to eliminate central line infections
    • Shannon R.P., Frndak D., Grunden N., et al. Using real-time problem solving to eliminate central line infections. Jt Comm J Qual Saf 2006, 32:479-487.
    • (2006) Jt Comm J Qual Saf , vol.32 , pp. 479-487
    • Shannon, R.P.1    Frndak, D.2    Grunden, N.3
  • 130
    • 67949089650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modifying the Toyota Production System for continuous performance improvement in an academic children's hospital
    • Stapleton F.B., Hendricks J., Hagan P., et al. Modifying the Toyota Production System for continuous performance improvement in an academic children's hospital. Pediatr Clin North Am 2009, 56:799-813.
    • (2009) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.56 , pp. 799-813
    • Stapleton, F.B.1    Hendricks, J.2    Hagan, P.3
  • 131
    • 77950944894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based leadership for reduced risk
    • Murphy B. Evidence-based leadership for reduced risk. Managing Infection Control 2007, (7):64-72.
    • (2007) Managing Infection Control , Issue.7 , pp. 64-72
    • Murphy, B.1
  • 133
    • 77950956107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical microsystems, Available at:, Accessed November 1, 2009
    • Clinical microsystems Available at:, Accessed November 1, 2009. http://dms.dartmouth.edu/cms/.
  • 134
    • 0642368631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsystems in health care: Part 9. Developing small clinical units to attain peak performance
    • Batalden P.B., Nelson E.C., Edwards W.H., et al. Microsystems in health care: Part 9. Developing small clinical units to attain peak performance. Jt Comm J Qual Saf 2003, 29:575-585.
    • (2003) Jt Comm J Qual Saf , vol.29 , pp. 575-585
    • Batalden, P.B.1    Nelson, E.C.2    Edwards, W.H.3
  • 135
    • 0036669461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing nosocomial bloodstream infection in very low birth weight infants
    • Edwards W.H. Preventing nosocomial bloodstream infection in very low birth weight infants. Semin Neonatol 2002, 7:325-333.
    • (2002) Semin Neonatol , vol.7 , pp. 325-333
    • Edwards, W.H.1
  • 137
    • 77950926111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative, Quality Improvement. Available at:, Accessed November 1, 2009
    • California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative Quality Improvement. Available at:, Accessed November 1, 2009. http://www.cpqcc.org/quality_improvement.
  • 138
    • 0037392380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIC/Q 2000: establishing habits for improvement in neonatal intensive care units
    • Horbar J.D., Plsek P.E., Leahy K. NIC/Q 2000: establishing habits for improvement in neonatal intensive care units. Pediatrics 2003, 111:e397-e410.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.111
    • Horbar, J.D.1    Plsek, P.E.2    Leahy, K.3
  • 139
    • 0035294224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organizational learning in health care
    • Bohmer R.M., Edmondson A.C. Organizational learning in health care. Health Forum J 2001, 44:32-35.
    • (2001) Health Forum J , vol.44 , pp. 32-35
    • Bohmer, R.M.1    Edmondson, A.C.2
  • 141
    • 68049115762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model for improvement-Part two: measurement and feedback for quality improvement efforts
    • Randolph G., Esporas M., Provost L., et al. Model for improvement-Part two: measurement and feedback for quality improvement efforts. Pediatr Clin North Am 2009, 56:779-798.
    • (2009) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.56 , pp. 779-798
    • Randolph, G.1    Esporas, M.2    Provost, L.3
  • 142
    • 67949094328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardize to excellence: improving the quality and safety of care with clinical pathways
    • Kurtin P., Stucky E. Standardize to excellence: improving the quality and safety of care with clinical pathways. Pediatr Clin North Am 2009, 56:893-904.
    • (2009) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.56 , pp. 893-904
    • Kurtin, P.1    Stucky, E.2
  • 143
    • 34247508514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of compliance with hand hygiene
    • Haas J.P., Larson E.L. Measurement of compliance with hand hygiene. J Hosp Infect 2007, 66:6-14.
    • (2007) J Hosp Infect , vol.66 , pp. 6-14
    • Haas, J.P.1    Larson, E.L.2
  • 144
    • 71149111949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of hand hygiene in healthcare-associated infection prevention
    • Allegranzi B., Pittet D. Role of hand hygiene in healthcare-associated infection prevention. J Hosp Infect 2009, 73(4):305-315.
    • (2009) J Hosp Infect , vol.73 , Issue.4 , pp. 305-315
    • Allegranzi, B.1    Pittet, D.2
  • 145
    • 33646048616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An examination of covert observation and solution audit as tools to measure the success of hand hygiene interventions
    • van de Mortel T., Murgo M. An examination of covert observation and solution audit as tools to measure the success of hand hygiene interventions. Am J Infect Control 2006, 34(3):95-99.
    • (2006) Am J Infect Control , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 95-99
    • van de Mortel, T.1    Murgo, M.2
  • 146
    • 65949107550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hand hygiene compliance rates in the United States-a one-year multicenter collaboration using product/volume usage measurement and feedback
    • McGuckin M., Waterman R., Govednik J. Hand hygiene compliance rates in the United States-a one-year multicenter collaboration using product/volume usage measurement and feedback. Am J Med Qual 2009, 24:205-213.
    • (2009) Am J Med Qual , vol.24 , pp. 205-213
    • McGuckin, M.1    Waterman, R.2    Govednik, J.3
  • 148
    • 0042566166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High reliability organizational change for hospitals: translating tenets for medical professionals
    • Shapiro M.J., Jay G.D. High reliability organizational change for hospitals: translating tenets for medical professionals. Qual Saf Health Care 2003, 12:238-239.
    • (2003) Qual Saf Health Care , vol.12 , pp. 238-239
    • Shapiro, M.J.1    Jay, G.D.2
  • 149
    • 65949095019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning from defects to enhance morbidity and mortality conferences
    • Berenholtz S.M., Hartsell T.L., Pronovost P.J. Learning from defects to enhance morbidity and mortality conferences. Am J Med Qual 2009, 24:192-195.
    • (2009) Am J Med Qual , vol.24 , pp. 192-195
    • Berenholtz, S.M.1    Hartsell, T.L.2    Pronovost, P.J.3
  • 150
    • 33746344296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating high reliability in health care organizations
    • Pronovost P.J., Berenholtz S.M., Goeschel C.A., et al. Creating high reliability in health care organizations. Health Serv Res 2006, 41:1599-1617.
    • (2006) Health Serv Res , vol.41 , pp. 1599-1617
    • Pronovost, P.J.1    Berenholtz, S.M.2    Goeschel, C.A.3
  • 151
    • 17144437673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low-birth-weight infants
    • CD000361
    • Ohlsson A., Lacy J.B. Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low-birth-weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001, (2). CD000361.
    • (2001) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.2
    • Ohlsson, A.1    Lacy, J.B.2
  • 152
    • 0034873171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial coagulase negative staphylococcal (CoNS) catheter-related sepsis in preterm infants: definition, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and prevention
    • Craft A., Finer N. Nosocomial coagulase negative staphylococcal (CoNS) catheter-related sepsis in preterm infants: definition, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and prevention. J Perinatol 2001, 21:186-192.
    • (2001) J Perinatol , vol.21 , pp. 186-192
    • Craft, A.1    Finer, N.2
  • 153
    • 33644618849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A vancomycin-heparin lock solution for prevention of nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill neonates with peripherally inserted central venous catheters: a prospective, randomized trial
    • Garland J.S., Alex C.P., Henrickson K.J., et al. A vancomycin-heparin lock solution for prevention of nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill neonates with peripherally inserted central venous catheters: a prospective, randomized trial. Pediatrics 2005, 116:e198-e205.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.116
    • Garland, J.S.1    Alex, C.P.2    Henrickson, K.J.3
  • 154
    • 8144228427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does human milk reduce infection rates in preterm infants? A systematic review
    • de Silva A., Jones P.W., Spencer S.A. Does human milk reduce infection rates in preterm infants? A systematic review. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2004, 89:F509-F513.
    • (2004) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed , vol.89
    • de Silva, A.1    Jones, P.W.2    Spencer, S.A.3
  • 155
    • 63449102587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional management of newborn infants: practical guidelines
    • Ben X.M. Nutritional management of newborn infants: practical guidelines. World J Gastroenterol 2008, 14:6133-6139.
    • (2008) World J Gastroenterol , vol.14 , pp. 6133-6139
    • Ben, X.M.1
  • 156
    • 0029052992 scopus 로고
    • Early minimal feedings promote growth in critically ill premature infants
    • Troche B., Harvey-Wilkes K., Engle W.D., et al. Early minimal feedings promote growth in critically ill premature infants. Biol Neonate 1995, 67:172-181.
    • (1995) Biol Neonate , vol.67 , pp. 172-181
    • Troche, B.1    Harvey-Wilkes, K.2    Engle, W.D.3
  • 157
    • 0025279497 scopus 로고
    • Association of intravenous lipid emulsion and coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia in neonatal intensive care units
    • Freeman J., Goldmann D.A., Smith N.E., et al. Association of intravenous lipid emulsion and coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia in neonatal intensive care units. N Engl J Med 1990, 323:301-308.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.323 , pp. 301-308
    • Freeman, J.1    Goldmann, D.A.2    Smith, N.E.3
  • 158
    • 0031908048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous lipid emulsions are the major determinant of coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia in very low birth weight newborns
    • Avila-Figueroa C., Goldmann D.A., Richardson D.K., et al. Intravenous lipid emulsions are the major determinant of coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia in very low birth weight newborns. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998, 17:10-17.
    • (1998) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.17 , pp. 10-17
    • Avila-Figueroa, C.1    Goldmann, D.A.2    Richardson, D.K.3
  • 159
    • 0016588626 scopus 로고
    • Microbiol growth in lipid emulsions used in parenteral nutrition
    • Melly M.A., Meng H.C., Schaffner W. Microbiol growth in lipid emulsions used in parenteral nutrition. Arch Surg 1975, 110:1479-1481.
    • (1975) Arch Surg , vol.110 , pp. 1479-1481
    • Melly, M.A.1    Meng, H.C.2    Schaffner, W.3
  • 160
    • 34347227467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of heparin-coated central venous lines to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infection
    • Abdelkefi A., Achour W., Ben Othman T., et al. Use of heparin-coated central venous lines to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infection. J Support Oncol 2007, 5:273-278.
    • (2007) J Support Oncol , vol.5 , pp. 273-278
    • Abdelkefi, A.1    Achour, W.2    Ben Othman, T.3
  • 161
    • 42949129609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heparin-bonded catheters for prolonging the patency of central venous catheters in children
    • CD005983
    • Shah P.S., Shah N. Heparin-bonded catheters for prolonging the patency of central venous catheters in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007, (4). CD005983.
    • (2007) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.4
    • Shah, P.S.1    Shah, N.2
  • 162
    • 0036517772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catheters, materials and infection
    • Williams D. Catheters, materials and infection. Med Device Technol 2002, 13:8-11.
    • (2002) Med Device Technol , vol.13 , pp. 8-11
    • Williams, D.1
  • 163
    • 0033519522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters
    • Yasukawa T., Fujita Y., Sari A. Antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters. N Engl J Med 1999, 340:1762.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 1762
    • Yasukawa, T.1    Fujita, Y.2    Sari, A.3
  • 164
    • 0037253354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of Oligon central venous catheters on catheter colonization and catheter-related bloodstream infection
    • Ranucci M., Isgro G., Giomarelli P.P., et al. Impact of Oligon central venous catheters on catheter colonization and catheter-related bloodstream infection. Crit Care Med 2003, 31:52-59.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 52-59
    • Ranucci, M.1    Isgro, G.2    Giomarelli, P.P.3
  • 165
    • 0029796688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local reactions to a chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated antimicrobial dressing in very low birth weight infants
    • Garland J.S., Alex C.P., Mueller C.D., et al. Local reactions to a chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated antimicrobial dressing in very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996, 15:912-914.
    • (1996) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.15 , pp. 912-914
    • Garland, J.S.1    Alex, C.P.2    Mueller, C.D.3
  • 166
    • 0036569749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The promise of novel technology for the prevention of intravascular device-related bloodstream infection. I. Pathogenesis and short-term devices
    • Crnich C.J., Maki D.G. The promise of novel technology for the prevention of intravascular device-related bloodstream infection. I. Pathogenesis and short-term devices. Clin Infect Dis 2002, 34:1232-1242.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 1232-1242
    • Crnich, C.J.1    Maki, D.G.2
  • 167
    • 77950952720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of the safety of silver alginate (Algidex) patches in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with central lines
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Khattak A.Z., Ross R.E., Arnold C., et al. A randomized controlled trial of the safety of silver alginate (Algidex) patches in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with central lines. J Perinatol 2009, [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2009) J Perinatol
    • Khattak, A.Z.1    Ross, R.E.2    Arnold, C.3
  • 168
    • 70349579489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catheter-associated bloodstream infections in the NICU: getting to zero
    • Curry S., Honeycutt M., Goins G., et al. Catheter-associated bloodstream infections in the NICU: getting to zero. Neonatal Netw 2009, 28(3):151-155.
    • (2009) Neonatal Netw , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 151-155
    • Curry, S.1    Honeycutt, M.2    Goins, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.