The Mintom Formation (new): Sedimentology and geochemistry of a Neoproterozoic, Paralic succession in south-east Cameroon

Journal of African Earth Sciences

Volumn 57, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 367-385

  Caron, V ^a   Ekomane, E ^b   Mahieux, G ^a   Moussango, P ^c   Ndjeng, E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE PICARDIE JULES VERNE   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF YAOUNDÉ I   (Cameroon)

^c Centre de Recherche Géologique et Minière   (Cameroon)

Author keywords

Cameroon; Diamictite; Dolostone; Lacustrine carbonates; Neoproterozoic; Pelite

Indexed keywords

BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY; CARBONATE; CARBONATE RAMP; DEPOSITION; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; DIAMICTITE; DOLOSTONE; EDIACARAN; FACIES ANALYSIS; LACUSTRINE DEPOSIT; LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY; PALEOENVIRONMENT; PARALIC ENVIRONMENT; PELITE; PROTEROZOIC; RARE EARTH ELEMENT; SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCE; SEDIMENTATION; SEDIMENTOLOGY;

CAMEROON;

EID: 77950865284     PISSN: 08995362     EISSN: 1464343X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2009.11.006     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Ague J.J. Evidence of major mass transfer and volume strain during regional metamorphism of pelites. Geology 19 (1991) 855-858
2. Alvarenga C.J.S., de Santos R.V., and Dantas E.L. C-O-Sr isotopic stratigraphy of cap carbonates overlying Marinoan-age glacial diamictites in the Paraguay Belt, Brazil. Precambrian Research 131 (2004) 1-21
3. Alvarez P. Evidence for a Neoproterozoic carbonate ramp on the northern edge of the Central African craton: relations with Late Proterozoic intracratonic troughs. Geologische Rundschau 84 (1995) 636-648
4. Alvarez, P., 1998. Le réseau des fosses intrcratoniques du Protérozoïque supérieur d'Afrique centrale et la progradation de la rampe Nord-Afrique centrale d'äge néoprotérozoïque. In: Vicat, J.P., Bilong, P. (Eds.), Géosciences au Cameroun, coll. GEOCAM, 1/1998, Press, Univ. Yaoundé 1, pp. 287-303.
5. Alvarez P., and Maurin J.-C. Evolution sédimentaire et tectonique du basin protérozoicque supérieur de Comba (Congo): stratigraphie séquentielle du Supergroupe Ouest-Congolien et modèle d'amortissement sur décrochement dans le contexte de la tectogenèse panafricaine. Precambrian Research 50 (1991) 137-171
6. Alvaro J.J., Macouin M., Bauluz B., Clausen S., and Ader M. The Ediacaran sedimentary architecture and carbonate productivity in the Atar Cliffs, Adrar, Mauritania: palaeoenvironments, chemostratigraphy and diagenesis. Precambrian Research 153 (2007) 236-261
7. Barrat J.A., Boulegue J., Tiercelin J.J., and Lesourd M. Strontium isotopes and rare-earth element geochemistry of hydrothermal carbonate deposits from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 64 (2000) 287-298
8. Bataglia S., Leoni L., and Sartori F. The Kübler index in late diagenetic to low-grade metamorphic pelites: a critical comparison of data from 10 Å and 5 Å peaks. Clays and Clay Minerals 52 1 (2004) 85-105
9. Bau M., and Dulski P. Distribution of yttrium and rare earth elements in the Penge and Kuruman iron-formations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Precambrian Research 79 (1996) 37-55
10. Bolhar R., and Van Kranendonk M.J. A non-marine depositional setting for the northern Fortescue Group, Pilbara Craton, inferred from trace element geochemistry of stromatolitic carbonates. Precambrian Research 155 (2007) 229-250
11. Bolhar R., Kamber B.S., Moorbath S., Fedo C.M., and Whitehouse M.J. Characterisation of early Archaean chemical sediments by trace element signatures. Earth Planetary Science Letters 222 (2004) 43-60
12. Compton J.S. Degree of supersaturation and precipitation of organogenic dolomite. Geology 16 (1988) 318-321
13. 13C chemostratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic succession near Pocatello, Idaho, USA: Implications for Glacial Chronology and Regional Correlations, pp. 193-205. (SEPM Special Publication, No. 86).
14. Day E.S., James N.P., Narbonne G.M., and Dalrymple R.W. A sedimentary prelude to Marinoan glaciation, Cryogenian (Middle Neoproterozoic) Keele Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, southwestern Canada. Precambrian Research 133 (2004) 223-247
15. Deynoux M., Affaton P., Trompette R., and Villeneuve M. Pan-African tectonic evolution and glacial events registered in Neoproterozoic to Cambrian cratonic and foreland basins of West Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 46 (2006) 397-426
16. Dianzenza-Ndefi, H., 1983. Les sédiments du Protérozoïque supérieur et leurs transformations au Nord-Ouest de la cuvette congolaise (Afrique centrale): apport des datations par les méthodes Rb-Sr et K-Ar. Unpublished PhD thesis lodged at the French Geological Society (SGF), 147 p.
17. Direen N.G., and Jago J.B. The Cottons Breccia (Ediacaran) and its tectonostratigraphic context within the Grassy Group, King Island, Australia: a rift-related gravity slump deposit. Precambrian Research 165 (2008) 1-14
18. Elderfield E., and Greaves M.J. The rare earth elements in sea water. Nature 296 (1982) 214-219
19. Elrik M., and Hinnov L.A. Millennial-scale paleoclimate cycles recorded in widespread Palaeozoic deeper water rhythmites of North America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 243 (2007) 348-372
20. Esquevin J. Influence de la composition chimique des illites sur leur cristallinité. Bulletin du Centre de Recherche Pau-S.N.P.A. 3 (1969) 147-153
21. Esteban, M., Klappa, C.F., 1983. Subaerial exposure environment. In: Scholle, P.A., Bebout, D.G., Moore, C.H. (Eds.), Carbonate Depositional Environments. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, pp. 1-95.
22. Frey M., and Robinson D. Low-grade Metamorphism (1999), Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK 313 p
23. Frimmel H.E. Trace element distribution in Neoproterozoic carbonates as palaeoenvironmental indicator. Chemical Geology 258 (2009) 338-353
24. Frimmel H.E., Tack L., Basei M.S., and Nutman A.P. Provenance and chemostratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic West Congolian Group in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Journal of African Earth Sciences 46 (2006) 221-239
25. Gazel, J., Guiraudie, C., 1955. Mission de la descente du Dja - Missions Géologiques 1 et 2: Rapports inédits. Direction des mines, Cameroun.
26. Germs J.B. The Neoproterozoic of southwestern Africa, with emphasis on platform stratigraphy and paleontology. Precambrian Research 73 (1995) 137-151
27. Grotzinger, J.P., James, N.P., 2000. Precambrian carbonates: evolution of Understanding. In: Grotzinger, J.P., James, N.P. (Eds.), Carbonate Sedimentation and Diagenesis in the Evolving Precambrian World. Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, pp. 1-20 (SEPM Special Publication, No. 67).
28. Haese R.R. The biogeochemistry of iron. In: Schulz H.D., and Zabel M. (Eds). Marine Geochemistry. Second Revised, Updated, and Extended Edition (2005), Springer, Berlin 241-270
29. Holtzapffel, T., 1985. Les minéraux argileux: préparation, anamyse diffractométrique et détermination. Socitété Géologique du Nord, 136 p (Publication No. 12).
30. James, N.P., 1997. The cool-water carbonate depositional realm. In: James, N.P., Clarke, J.A.D. (Eds.), Cool-water Carbonates. Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, pp. 1-20 (SEPM Special Publication, No. 56).
31. James N.P., Narbonne G.M., and Kyser T.K. Late Neoproterozoic cap carbonates: Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada: precipitation and global glacial meltdown. Canadian Journal Earth Sciences 38 (2001) 1229-1262
32. Johnson K.S., Chavez F.P., and Friederich G.E. Continental-shelf sediment as a primary source of iron for coastal phytoplankton. Nature 398 (1999) 697-700
33. Kisch H.J. Mineralogy and petrology of burial diagenesis (burial metamorphism) and incipient metamorphism in clastic rocks. In: Larsen G., and Chilingar G.V. (Eds). Diagenesis in Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks. Developments in Sedimentology vol. 2 (1983), Elsevier, Amsterdam 289-493
34. Kübler B. Les argiles, indicateurs de métamorphisme. Revue de l'Institut Français du Pétrole 19 (1964) 1093-1112
35. Kübler B. Anchimétamorphisme et schistosité. Bulletin du Centre de Recherche Pau-S.N.P.A. 1 (1967) 259-278
36. Kübler B. Cristallinity of illite. Detection of metamorphism in some frontal part of the Alps. Fortschritte der Mineralogie 47 (1969) 29-40
37. Kübler B., and Jaboyedoff M. Illite crystallinity. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris 331 (2000) 75-90
38. Lawrence M.G., Greig A., Collerson K.D., and Kamber B.S. Rare earth element and yttrium variability in South East Queensland waterways. Aquatic Geochemistry 12 (2006) 39-72
39. Machel, H.G., 2004. Concepts and models of dolomitization: a critical reappraisal. In: Braithwaite, C.J.R., Rizzi, G., Darke, G. (Eds.), The Geometry and Petrogenesis of Dolomite Hydrocarbon Reservoirs. Geological Society of London, pp. 7-63 (Special Publication 235).
40. Moore T.S., Murray R.W., Kurtz A.C., and Shrag D.P. Anaerobic methane oxidation and the formation of dolomite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 229 (2004) 141-154
41. Morrow, D.W., 1990a. Dolomite: part 1. The chemistry of dolomitization and dolomite precipitation. In: McIlreath, A., Morrow, D.W. (Eds.), Diagenesis. Geoscience Canada, pp. 113-124 (Reprint Series No. 4).
42. Morrow, D.W., 1990b. Dolomite: part 2. Dolomitization models and ancient dolostonesand. In: McIlreath, A., Morrow, D.W. (Eds.), Diagenesis. Geoscience Canada, pp. 125-140 (Reprint Series No. 4).
43. Moussine-Pouchkine A., and Bertrand-Sarfati J. Tectonosedimentary subdivisions in the Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian cover of the Taoudenni Basin (Algeria, Mauritania, Mali). Journal African Earth Sciences 24 (1997) 425-443
44. Nédelec A., Macaudière J., Nzenti J.P., and Barbey P. Evolution métamorphique et structurale des schistes de Mbalmayo (Cameroun). Implications pour la structure de la zone mobile panafricaine d'Afrique centrale, au contact du craton du Congo. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris 303 (1986) 75-80
45. Nédélec A., Affaton P., France-Lanord C., Charrière A., and Alvaro J. Sedimentology and chemostratigraphy of the Bwipe Neoproterozoic cap dolostones (Ghana, Volta Basin): a record of microbial activity in a peritidal environment. C.R. Geoscience 339 (2007) 223-239
46. Nelson C.S. An introductory perspective on non-tropical shelf carbonates. Sedimentary Geology 60 (1988) 3-12
47. Ngako V., Affaton P., Nnange J.M., and Njanko T. Pan-African tectonic evolution in central and southern Cameroon: transpression and transtension during sinistral shear movements. Journal of African Earth Sciences 36 (2003) 207-214
48. Nothdurft L.D., Webb G.E., and Kamber B.S. Rare earth element geochemistry of Late Devonian reefal carbonates, Canning basin, Western Australia: confirmation of a seawater REE proxy in ancient limestones. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 68 (2004) 263-283
49. Nzenti J.P., Barbey P., Macaudière J., and Soba D. Origin and evolution of the late Precambrian high-grade Yaoundé gneisses (Cameroon). Precambrian Research 38 (1988) 91-109
50. Ojiambo S.B., Lyons W.B., Welsh K.A., Poreda R.J., and Johannesson K.H. Strontium isotopes and rare earth elements as tracers of groundwater-lake water interactions, Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Applied Geochemistry 18 (2003) 1789-1805
51. Oliveira E.P., Toteu S.F., Araújoc M.N.C., Carvalho M.J., Nascimento R.S., Bueno J.F., McNaughton N., and Basilici G. Geologic correlation between the Neoproterozoic Sergipano belt (NE Brazil) and the Yaoundé belt (Cameroon, Africa). Journal of African Earth Sciences 44 (2006) 470-478
52. Penaye J., Toteu S.F., Van Schmus W.R., and Nzenti J.P. U-Pb and Sm-Nd preliminary geochronologic data on the Yaoundé series, Cameroon: re-interpretation of the granulitic rocks as the suture of a collision in the "Centrafrican belt". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris 317 (1993) 789-794
53. Perry C.T. Biofilm-related calcification, sediment trapping and constructive micrite envelopes: a criterion for the recognition of ancient grass-bed environments?. Sedimentology 46 (1999) 33-45
54. Pin C., and Poidevin J.L. U-Pb zircon evidence for a Pan-African granulite facies metamorphism in the Central African Republic. A new interpretation of high-grade series of the northern border of the Congo craton. Precambrian Research 36 (1987) 303-312
55. Poidevin J.-L. Les formations du Précambrien supérieur de la region de Bangui (République centrafricaine). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 18 (1976) 999-1003
56. Poidevin, J.-L., 1985. Le Protérozoïque supérieur de la République centrafricaine. Annales du Muséum royal d'Afrique centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Série in 8ème, Sciences géologiques, 91, 75 p.
57. Poidevin J.-L. Stratigraphie isotopique du strontium et datation des formations carbonates et glaciogéniques néoprotérozoïques du nord et de l'ouest du craton du Congo. C.R. Geoscience 339 (2007) 259-273
58. Ramsey J.G., and Huber M.I. The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology. Strain Analysis vol. 1 (1983), Academic Press, London
59. Ricken W. Diagenetic Bedding: Model for Marl-Limestone Alternations. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences vol. 6 (1986), Springer, Berlin 210 p
60. Riding R. Microbial carbonates: the geological record of calcified bacterial-algal mats and biofilms. Sedimentology 47 (2000) 179-214
61. Rumble D. Evidence of fluid flow during regional metamorphism. European Journal of Mineralogy 1 (1989) 731-737
62. Shen B., Xiao S., Kaufman A.J., Bao H., Zhou C., and Wang H. Stratification and mixing of a post-glacial Neoproterozoic ocean: evidence from carbon and sulfur isotopes in a cap dolostone from northwest China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 265 (2008) 209-228
63. Shields G.A., Deynoux M., Strauss H., Paquet H., and Nahon D. Barite-bearing cap dolostones of the Taoudéni Basin, northwest Africa: sedimentary and isotopic evidence for methane seepage after a Neoproterozoic glaciation. Precambrian Research 153 (2007) 209-235
64. Tack L., Wingate M.T.D., Liegeois J.-P., Fernandez-Alonso M., and Deblond A. Early Neoproterozoic magmatism (1000-910 Ma) of the Zadinian and Mayumbian Groups (Bas-Congo): onset of Rodinia rifting at the western edge of the Congo craton. Precambrian Research 110 (2001) 277-306
65. Taylor S.R., and McLennan S.M. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution (1985), Blackwell, Cambridge p. 312
66. Tomazelli L.J., and Soliani Junior E. Sedimentary facies and depositional environments Gondwana glaciation in Batovi and Suspiro regions, Do Sul, Brazil. Journal of South-American Earth Sciences 10 (1997) 295-303
67. Toteu S.F., Van Schmus W.R., Penaye J., and Michard A. New U-Pb and Sm-Nd data from north-central Cameroon and its bearing on the pre-Pan African history of central Africa. Precambrian Research 108 (2001) 45-73
68. Toteu S.F., Penaye J., and Poudjom Djomani Y.H. Geodynamic evolution of the Pan-African belt in Central Africa with special reference to Cameroon. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41 (2004) 73-85
69. Toteu S.F., Yongue Fouateu R., Penaye J., Tchakounte J., Seme Mouangue A.C., Van Schmus W.R., Deloule E., and Stendal H. U-Pb dating of plutonic rocks involved in the nappe tectonic in southern Cameroon: consequence for the Pan-African orogenic evolution of the Central African fold belt. Journal of African Earth Sciences 44 (2006) 479-493
70. Toteu S.F., Penaye J., Deloule E., Van Schmus W.R., and Tchameni R. Diachronous evolution of volcano-sedimentary basins north of the Congo craton: insights from U-Pb ion microprobe dating of zircons from the Poli, Lom and Yaoundé Series (Cameroon). Journal of African Earth Sciences 44 (2006)
71. Tucker M.E., and Wright V.P. Carbonate Sedimentology (1990), Blackwell Publishing, Oxford UK 482 p
72. Van Kranendonk M.J., Webb G.E., and Kamber B.S. New geological and trace element evidence from 3.45 Ga stromatolitic carbonates in the Pilbara Craton: support of a marine, biogenic origin and for a reducing Archaean ocean. Geobiology 1 (2003) 91-108
73. Vanhoutte, M., Salley, P., 1986. Reconnaissance des calcaires de Minto - Projet de recherches minières, sud-est Cameroun. United Nations Development Program, Unpublished Report 91, 59 p.
74. Vasconcelos C., and McKenzie J.A. Microbial mediation of modern dolomites precipitation and diagenesis under anoxic conditions (Lagoa Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Journal of Sedimentary Research 67 (1997) 378-390
75. Vernon R.H. A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure (2004), Cambridge University Press, UK 593 p
76. Vicat J.-P., and Vellutini P.J. Sur la nature et la signification des dolérites du bassin précambrien de Sembe-Ouesso (Rép. Pop. Congo). Precambrian Research 37 (1983) 57-69
77. Vicat J.-P., Gioan P., Albouy Y., Cornacchia M., Giorgi L., and Blondin P. Mise en évidence, sur la bordure ouest du craton du Congo, de fossés d'effondrement d'âge protérozoïque supérieur, masqués par les formations phanérozoïques de la cuvette du Zaïre. Comptes Académie Sciences Paris 309 (1989) 1207-1213
78. Vicat J.-P., Pouclet A., Nkoumbou C., and Semé Mouangué A. Le volcanisme fissural des séries du Dja inférieur, de Yokadouma (Cameroun) et de Nola (RCA)-Signification géotectonique. Comptes Rendus Académie Sciences Paris 325 (1997) 671-677
79. Vicat J.-P., Moloto-A-Kenguemba G., and Pouclet A. Les granitoïdes de la couverture protérozoïque de la bordure nord du craton du Congo (Sud-Est du Cameroun et Sud-Ouest de la République centrafricaine), témoins d'une activité magmatique post-kibarienne à pré-panafricaine. Comptes Rendus Académie Sciences Paris 332 (2001) 235-242
80. Walker, R.G., 1984. Turbidites and associated coarse clastic deposits. In: Walker, R.G. (Ed.), Facies Models, vol. 1. Geosciences Canada Reprint Series, pp. 171-188.
81. Warren J. Dolomite: occurrence, evolution and economically important associations. Earth Science Review 52 (2000) 1-81
82. Westphal H., and Munnecke A. Limestone-marl alternations: a warm-water phenomenon?. Geology 31 (2003) 263-266
83. Westphal H., Head M.J., and Munnecke A. Differential diagenesis of rhythmic limestone alternations supported by palynological evidence. Journal of Sedimentary Research 70 (2000) 715-725
84. Williams G.E., and Schmidt. Origin and palaeomagnetism of the Mesoproterozoic Gangau Tilloid (basal Vindhyan Supergroup), central India. Precambrian Research 79 (1996) 307-325
85. Williams G.E., Gostin V.A., McKirdy D.M., and Preiss W.V. The Elatina glaciation, late Cryogenian (Marinoan Epoch), South Australia: sedimentary facies and palaeoenvironments. Precambrian Research 163 (2008) 307-331
86. Wiltschko D.V., and Morse J.W. Crystallization pressure versus "crack seal" as the mechanism for banded veins. Geology 29 (2001) 79-82
87. Wopfner H., and Kreuser T. Evidence for Late Palaeozoic glaciation in southern Tanzania. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 56 (1986) 259-275
88. Young G.M. Stratigraphic and tectonic settings of Proterozoic glaciogenic rocks and banded iron-formations: relevance to the snowball Earth debate. Journal of African Earth Sciences 35 (2002) 451-466
89. Young G.M., and Nesbitt H.W. Paleoclimatology and provenance of the glaciogenic Gowganda Formation, Paleoproterozoic, Ontario, Canada: a chemostratigraphic approach. Geological Society of America Bulletin 111 (1999) 264-274