-
1
-
-
0036192008
-
Fulminant Clostridium difficile: An underappreciated and increasing cause of death and complications
-
Dallal RM, Harbrecht BG, Boujoukas AJ, et al. Fulminant Clostridium difficile: an underappreciated and increasing cause of death and complications. Ann Surg. 2002;235:363-372.
-
(2002)
Ann Surg
, vol.235
, pp. 363-372
-
-
Dallal, R.M.1
Harbrecht, B.G.2
Boujoukas, A.J.3
-
2
-
-
39749111479
-
Measures to control and prevent Clostridium difficile infection
-
Gerding DN, Muto CA, Owens RC Jr. Measures to control and prevent Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(suppl 1):S43-S49.
-
(2008)
Clin Infect Dis
, vol.46
, Issue.SUPPL. 1
-
-
Gerding, D.N.1
Muto, C.A.2
Owens RC, Jr.3
-
3
-
-
28844494086
-
An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile
-
McDonald LC, Killgore GE, Thompson A, et al. An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2433-2441.
-
(2005)
N Engl J Med
, vol.353
, pp. 2433-2441
-
-
McDonald, L.C.1
Killgore, G.E.2
Thompson, A.3
-
4
-
-
33644523410
-
Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from US short-stay hospitals 1996-2003
-
McDonald LC, Owings M, Jernigan DB. Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from US short-stay hospitals, 1996-2003. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:409-415.
-
(2006)
Emerg Infect Dis.
, vol.12
, pp. 409-415
-
-
McDonald, L.C.1
Owings, M.2
Jernigan, D.B.3
-
5
-
-
0036795306
-
Clostridium difficile colitis: An increasingly aggressive iatrogenic disease?
-
Morris AM, Jobe BA, Stoney M, et al. Clostridium difficile colitis: an increasingly aggressive iatrogenic disease? Arch Surg. 2002;137:1096-1100.
-
(2002)
Arch Surg
, vol.137
, pp. 1096-1100
-
-
Morris, A.M.1
Jobe, B.A.2
Stoney, M.3
-
6
-
-
34447542645
-
Increasing prevalence and severity of Clostridium difficile colitis in hospitalized patients in the United States
-
Ricciardi R, Rothenberger DA, Madoff RD, et al. Increasing prevalence and severity of Clostridium difficile colitis in hospitalized patients in the United States. Arch Surg. 2007;142:624-631.
-
(2007)
Arch Surg
, vol.142
, pp. 624-631
-
-
Ricciardi, R.1
Rothenberger, D.A.2
Madoff, R.D.3
-
7
-
-
32544446901
-
Severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease in populations previously at low risk-four states 2005
-
Severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease in populations previously at low risk-four states, 2005. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54:1201-1205.
-
(2005)
Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.
, vol.54
, pp. 1201-1205
-
-
-
8
-
-
28844441314
-
A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality
-
Loo VG, Poirier L, Miller MA, et al. A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2442-2449.
-
(2005)
N Engl J Med
, vol.353
, pp. 2442-2449
-
-
Loo, V.G.1
Poirier, L.2
Miller, M.A.3
-
9
-
-
27544511378
-
Mortality attributable to nosocomial Clostridium difficile-associated disease during an epidemic caused by a hypervirulent strain in Quebec
-
Pepin J, Valiquette L, Cossette B. Mortality attributable to nosocomial Clostridium difficile-associated disease during an epidemic caused by a hypervirulent strain in Quebec. CMAJ. 2005;173:1037-1042.
-
(2005)
CMAJ
, vol.173
, pp. 1037-1042
-
-
Pepin, J.1
Valiquette, L.2
Cossette, B.3
-
10
-
-
25144469664
-
Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe
-
Warny M, Pepin J, Fang A, et al. Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe. Lancet. 2005;366:1079-1084.
-
(2005)
Lancet
, vol.366
, pp. 1079-1084
-
-
Warny, M.1
Pepin, J.2
Fang, A.3
-
11
-
-
0037204196
-
Clinical practice. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
-
Bartlett JG. Clinical practice. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:334-339.
-
(2002)
N Engl J Med
, vol.346
, pp. 334-339
-
-
Bartlett, J.G.1
-
12
-
-
0031752883
-
Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection
-
Bignardi GE. Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection. J Hosp Infect. 1998;40:1-15.
-
(1998)
J Hosp Infect
, vol.40
, pp. 1-15
-
-
Bignardi, G.E.1
-
13
-
-
38049084783
-
Update on the changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated disease
-
McFarland LV. Update on the changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008; 5:40-48.
-
(2008)
Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol
, vol.5
, pp. 40-48
-
-
McFarland, L.V.1
-
14
-
-
77950856433
-
-
US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fact sheets: details for CMS proposes additions to list of hospital-acquired conditions for fiscal year Accessed April 22 2008
-
US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Fact sheets: details for CMS proposes additions to list of hospital-acquired conditions for fiscal year 2009. Available at: http://www. cms.hhs.gov/apps/media/press/factsheet.asp?Counter = 3042&intNumPer Page = 10&checkDate = &checkKey = &srchType = 1&numDays = 3500& srchOpt=0&srchData=&srchOpt = 0&srchData=&keywordType= All&chk NewsType = 6&intPage=&showAll=&pYear=&year=&desc = &cboOrder= date#-ftn1. Accessed April 22 2008.
-
(2009)
-
-
-
15
-
-
35348853726
-
Fluoroquinolone use and risk factors for Clostridium difficile-associated disease within a Veterans Administration health care system
-
McFarland LV, Clarridge JE, Beneda HW, et al. Fluoroquinolone use and risk factors for Clostridium difficile-associated disease within a Veterans Administration health care system. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:1141-1151.
-
(2007)
Clin Infect Dis
, vol.45
, pp. 1141-1151
-
-
McFarland, L.V.1
Clarridge, J.E.2
Beneda, H.W.3
-
16
-
-
39749120072
-
Antimicrobial-associated risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection
-
Owens RC Jr, Donskey CJ, Gaynes RP, et al. Antimicrobial-associated risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(suppl 1):S19-S31.
-
(2008)
Clin Infect Dis
, vol.46
, Issue.SUPPL. 1
-
-
Owens Jr, R.C.1
Donskey, C.J.2
Gaynes, R.P.3
-
17
-
-
0034628426
-
Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridium difficile and serum levels of IgG antibody against toxin A
-
Kyne L, Warny M, Qamar A, et al. Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridium difficile and serum levels of IgG antibody against toxin A. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:390-397.
-
(2000)
N Engl J Med
, vol.342
, pp. 390-397
-
-
Kyne, L.1
Warny, M.2
Qamar, A.3
-
18
-
-
1442302900
-
Outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection in a long-term care facility: Association with gatifloxacin use
-
DOI 10.1086/381551
-
Gaynes R, Rimland D, Killum E, et al. Outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection in a long-term care facility: association with gatifloxacin use. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:640-645. (Pubitemid 38333858)
-
(2004)
Clinical Infectious Diseases
, vol.38
, Issue.5
, pp. 640-645
-
-
Gaynes, R.1
Rimland, D.2
Killum, E.3
Lowery, H.K.4
Johnson II, T.M.5
Killgore, G.6
Tenover, F.C.7
-
19
-
-
0038387431
-
Fluoroquinolone use and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
-
McCusker ME, Harris AD, Perencevich E, et al. Fluoroquinolone use and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:730-733.
-
(2003)
Emerg Infect Dis
, vol.9
, pp. 730-733
-
-
McCusker, M.E.1
Harris, A.D.2
Perencevich, E.3
-
20
-
-
20144386999
-
A large outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated disease with an unexpected proportion of deaths and colectomies at a teaching hospital following increased fluoroquinolone use
-
Muto CA, Pokrywka M, Shutt K, et al. A large outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated disease with an unexpected proportion of deaths and colectomies at a teaching hospital following increased fluoroquinolone use. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2005;26:273-280.
-
(2005)
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
, vol.26
, pp. 273-280
-
-
Muto, C.A.1
Pokrywka, M.2
Shutt, K.3
-
21
-
-
27444437759
-
Emergence of fluoroquinolones as the predominant risk factor for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: A cohort study during an epidemic in Quebec
-
Pepin J, Saheb N, Coulombe MA, et al. Emergence of fluoroquinolones as the predominant risk factor for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a cohort study during an epidemic in Quebec. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:1254-1260.
-
(2005)
Clin Infect Dis
, vol.41
, pp. 1254-1260
-
-
Pepin, J.1
Saheb, N.2
Coulombe, M.A.3
-
22
-
-
33845480746
-
A hospital outbreak of diarrhea due to an emerging epidemic strain of Clostridium difficile
-
Kazakova SV, Ware K, Baughman B, et al. A hospital outbreak of diarrhea due to an emerging epidemic strain of Clostridium difficile. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2518-2524.
-
(2006)
Arch Intern Med
, vol.166
, pp. 2518-2524
-
-
Kazakova, S.V.1
Ware, K.2
Baughman, B.3
-
23
-
-
34548281527
-
Clinical management of Clostridium difficile-associated disease
-
Miller MA. Clinical management of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(suppl 2):S122-S128.
-
(2007)
Clin Infect Dis
, vol.45
, Issue.SUPPL. 2
-
-
Miller, M.A.1
-
24
-
-
0022256529
-
APACHE II: A severity of disease classification system
-
Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, et al. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985;13:818-829.
-
(1985)
Crit Care Med
, vol.13
, pp. 818-829
-
-
Knaus, W.A.1
Draper, E.A.2
Wagner, D.P.3
-
26
-
-
0028266168
-
Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and outcome of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
-
Anand A, Bashey B, Mir T, et al. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and outcome of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89:519-523.
-
(1994)
Am J Gastroenterol
, vol.89
, pp. 519-523
-
-
Anand, A.1
Bashey, B.2
Mir, T.3
-
27
-
-
39449122789
-
Case-control study of antibiotic use and subsequent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients
-
Baxter R, Ray GT, Fireman BH. Case-control study of antibiotic use and subsequent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29:44-50.
-
(2008)
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
, vol.29
, pp. 44-50
-
-
Baxter, R.1
Ray, G.T.2
Fireman, B.H.3
-
29
-
-
0028005353
-
Decrease in nosocomial Clos-tridium difficile-associated diarrhea by restricting clindamycin use
-
Pear SM, Williamson TH, Bettin KM, et al. Decrease in nosocomial Clos-tridium difficile-associated diarrhea by restricting clindamycin use. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120:272-277.
-
(1994)
Ann Intern Med
, vol.120
, pp. 272-277
-
-
Pear, S.M.1
Williamson, T.H.2
Bettin, K.M.3
-
30
-
-
0027158148
-
Elevated levels of serum immunoglobulins in asymptomatic carriers of Clostridium difficile
-
Mulligan ME, Miller SD, McFarland LV, et al. Elevated levels of serum immunoglobulins in asymptomatic carriers of Clostridium difficile. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;16(suppl 4):S239-S244.
-
(1993)
Clin Infect Dis
, vol.16
, Issue.SUPPL. 4
-
-
Mulligan, M.E.1
Miller, S.D.2
McFarland, L.V.3
-
31
-
-
0025161604
-
Risk factors for Clostridium difficile carriage and C. difficile-associated diarrhea in a cohort of hospitalized patients
-
McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, Stamm WE. Risk factors for Clostridium difficile carriage and C. difficile-associated diarrhea in a cohort of hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1990;162:678-684.
-
(1990)
J Infect Dis
, vol.162
, pp. 678-684
-
-
McFarland, L.V.1
Surawicz, C.M.2
Stamm, W.E.3
-
32
-
-
0025012555
-
Clostridium difficile diarrhea and colonization after treatment with abdominal infection regimens containing clindamycin or metronidazole
-
Gerding DN, Olson MM, Johnson S, et al. Clostridium difficile diarrhea and colonization after treatment with abdominal infection regimens containing clindamycin or metronidazole. Am J Surg. 1990;159:212-217.
-
(1990)
Am J Surg
, vol.159
, pp. 212-217
-
-
Gerding, D.N.1
Olson, M.M.2
Johnson, S.3
-
33
-
-
0036311186
-
Breaking the cycle: Treatment strategies for 163 cases of recurrent Clostridium difficile disease
-
McFarland LV, Elmer GW, Surawicz CM. Breaking the cycle: treatment strategies for 163 cases of recurrent Clostridium difficile disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:1769-1775.
-
(2002)
Am J Gastroenterol
, vol.97
, pp. 1769-1775
-
-
McFarland, L.V.1
Elmer, G.W.2
Surawicz, C.M.3
-
34
-
-
0026663447
-
Treatment of asymptomatic Clostridium difficile carriers (fecal excretors) with vancomycin or metroni-dazole. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
-
Johnson S, Homann SR, Bettin KM, et al. Treatment of asymptomatic Clostridium difficile carriers (fecal excretors) with vancomycin or metroni-dazole. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117: 297-302.
-
(1992)
Ann Intern Med
, vol.117
, pp. 297-302
-
-
Johnson, S.1
Homann, S.R.2
Bettin, K.M.3
-
35
-
-
0018675407
-
Influence of neomycin and metroni-dazole on colonic microflora of volunteers
-
Arabi Y, Dimock F, Burdon DW, et al. Influence of neomycin and metroni-dazole on colonic microflora of volunteers. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1979; 5:531-537.
-
(1979)
J Antimicrob Chemother
, vol.5
, pp. 531-537
-
-
Arabi, Y.1
Dimock, F.2
Burdon, D.W.3
-
36
-
-
0022491104
-
Faecal metronidazole concentrations during oral and intravenous therapy for antibiotic associated colitis due to Clostridium difficile
-
Bolton RP, Culshaw MA. Faecal metronidazole concentrations during oral and intravenous therapy for antibiotic associated colitis due to Clostridium difficile. Gut. 1986;27:1169-1172.
-
(1986)
Gut
, vol.27
, pp. 1169-1172
-
-
Bolton, R.P.1
Culshaw, M.A.2
|