Effects of commercial energy drink consumption on athletic performance and body composition

Physician and Sportsmedicine

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 107-117

  Ballard, Stephanie L ^a   Wellborn Kim, Jennifer J ^a   Clauson, Kevin A ^a  

^a NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Athletic performance; Caffeine; Energy drink; Functional food; Taurine; Weight loss

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; CAFFEINE; CYANOCOBALAMIN; NICOTINIC ACID; PYRIDOXINE; SUCROSE; TAURINE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ADVERSE OUTCOME; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; BEVERAGE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY FAT; ENERGY DRINK; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; EXERCISE; GUARANA; HUMAN; PHYSICIAN; REVIEW; SAFETY; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; BEVERAGES; BODY COMPOSITION; CAFFEINE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; TAURINE; WEIGHT LOSS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77950812742     PISSN: 00913847     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3810/psm.2010.04.1768     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Reissig CJ, Strain EC, Griffiths RR. Caffeinated energy drinks - a growing problem. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009;99(1-3):1-10.
2. Beverage Spectrum Magazine. Energy drinks: all grown up. http://www. bevspectrum.com/issue/May-June-2009/Energy-Drinks-All-Grown-Up. Accessed September 12, 2009.
3. Beverage Spectrum. 2009 Energy Drink Guide. http://www.bevnet.com/news/ 2009/4-13-2009-free-energy-drink-guide. Accessed September 19, 2009.
4. Facebook. Red Bull. http://www.facebook.com/redbull. Accessed October 4, 2009.
5. Twitter. Red Bull. http://twitter.com/redbull. Accessed October 4, 2009.
6. Facebook. Rockstar Energy Drink US. http://www.facebook.com/rockstar. Accessed October 4, 2009.
7. Monster Beverage Co. Monster energy. http://www.monsterenergy.com. Accessed October 5, 2009.
8. Venom Energy. Venom representatives. http://www.venomenergy.com/ ambassadors.php. Accessed October 7, 2009.
9. Rockstar Inc. Rockstar Energy Drinks. http://www.rockstar69.com/sports. php. Accessed October 4, 2009.
10. PepsiCo. AMP Energy. http://www.ampenergy.com. Accessed October 4, 2009.
11. Red Bull. Red Bull. http://www.redbull.com. Accessed October 5, 2009.
12. The Coca-Cola Company. Full throttle. http://www.drinkfullthrottle.com. Accessed October 4, 2009.
13. ESPN Soccernet. MetroStars sold and renamed Red Bull New York. March 9, 2006. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=361136&cc=5901. Accessed December 2, 2009.
14. Celsius press release. Celsius becomes official calorie burning drink of Florida Panthers at the Bankatlantic Center. August 11, 2009. http://www.celsius.com/pressrelease/Celsius-becomes-official-calorie-burning- drink-florida-panthers-bankatlantic-center. Accessed October 20, 2009.
15. th Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Public Health Association; San Diego, CA; October 25, 2008.
16. Miller KE. Wired: energy drinks, jock identity, masculine norms, and risk taking. J Am Coll Health. 2008;56(5):481-489.
17. Malinauskas BM, Aeby VG, Overton RF, Carpenter-Aeby T, Barber-Heidal K. A survey of energy drink consumption patterns among college students. Nutr J. 2007;6:35-41.
18. Stimulant Drinks Committee of Safefood. A review of the health effects of stimulant drinks, final report. Food Safety Promotion Board, Ireland 2002. http://www.safefoodonline.com/global/publications/research%20 reports/fspb%20stimulant%20drinks%20.pdf. Accessed November 1, 2009.
19. Miller KE. Energy drinks, race, and problem behaviors among college students. J Adolesc Health. 2008;43(5):490-497.
20. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on furfural and furfural diethylacetal. European Commission Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, 2003. http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out169-en.pdf. Accessed October 19, 2009.
21. O'Dea JA. Consumption of nutritional supplements among adolescents: usage and perceived benefits. Health Educ Res. 2003;18(1):98-107.
22. Ballistreri MC, Corradi-Webster CM. Consumption of energy drinks among physical education students. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2008;16:558-564.
23. Oteri A, Salvo F, CaputiAP, Calapai G. Intake of energy drink in association with alcoholic beverages in a cohort of students of the school of medicine of the University of Messina. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007;31(10):1677-1680. (Pubitemid 47390026)
24. Alford C, Cox H, Wescott R. the effects of red bull energy drink on human performance and mood. Amino Acids. 2001;21(2):139-150. (Pubitemid 32831618)
25. Forbes SC, Candow DG, Little JP, Magnus C, Chilibeck PD. Effect of Red Bull energy drink on repeated Wingate cycle performance and bench-press muscle endurance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2007;17(5):433-444. (Pubitemid 350106632)
26. Ivy JL, Kammer L, Ding Z, et al. Improved cycling time-trial performance aft er ingestion of a caffeine energy drink. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2009;19(1):61-78.
27. Candow DG, Kleisinger AK, Grenier S, Dorsch KD. Effect of sugar-free Red Bull energy drink on high-intensity run time-to-exhaustion in young adults. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(4):1271-1275.
28. Ratamess NA, Hoffman JR, Ross R, Shanklin M, Faigenbaum AD, Kang J. Effects of amino acid/creatine energy supplement on the acute hormonal response to resistance exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2007;17(6):608-623.
29. Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Ross R, Shanklin M, Kang J, Faigenbaum AD. Effect of a pre-exercise energy supplement on the acute hormonal response to resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(3):874-882.
30. Lockwood CM, Moon JR, Smith AE, et al. Low-calorie energy drink improves physiological response to exercise in previously sedentary men: a placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study [published online ahead of print October 7, 2009]. J Strength Cond Res.
31. Slater G, Tan B, the KC. Dietary supplementation practices of Singaporean athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003;13(3):320-332. (Pubitemid 37108364)
32. Desbrow B, Leveritt M. Awareness and use of caffeine by athletes competing at the 2005 Ironman Triathlon World Championships. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2006;16(5):545-558.
33. Desbrow B, Leveritt M. Well-trained endurance athletes' knowledge, insight, and experience of caffeine use. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2007;17(4):328-339. (Pubitemid 47359004)
34. Petróczi A, Naughton DP, Mazanov J, Holloway A, Bingham J. Performance enhancement with supplements: incongruence between rationale and practice. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2007;4:19.
35. Ganio MS, Klau JF, Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Maresh CM. Effect of caffeine on sport-specific endurance performance: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(1):315-324.
36. Davis JK, Green JM. Caffeine and anaerobic performance: ergogenic value and mechanisms of action. Sports Med. 2009;39(10):813-832.
37. Schneiker KT, Bishop D, Dawson B, et al. Effects of caffeine on prolonged intermittent-sprint ability in team-sport athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38(3):578-585. (Pubitemid 43364136)
38. Chapman RF, Mickleborough TD. the effects of caffeine on ventilation and pulmonary function during exercise: An oft en overlooked reponse. Phys Sportsmed. 2009;37(4):97-103.
39. Doherty M, Smith PM. Effects of caffeine ingestion on rating of perceived exertion during and aft er exercise: a meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2005;15(2):69-78. (Pubitemid 40521842)
40. World Anti-Doping Agency. http://www.wada-ama.org. Accessed October 29, 2009.
41. National Collegiate Athletic Association. NCAA Drug Testing Program. http://www.ncaa.org/wps/ncaa?ContentID=282. Accessed October 29, 2009.
42. Ellender L, Linder MM. Sports pharmacology and ergogenic aids. Prim Care. 2005;32(1):277-292.
43. Burke LM. Caffeine and sports performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008;33(6):1319-1334.
44. Kim W. Debunking the effects of taurine in Red Bull energy drink. Nutrition Bytes. 2003;9(1):1-7.
45. Zhang M, Izumi I, Kagamimori S, et al. Role of taurine supplementation to prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy young men. Amino Acids. 2004;26(2):203-207. (Pubitemid 38519712)
46. Geiss KR, Jester I, Falke W, Hamm M, Waag KL. the effect of a taurine-containing drink on performance in ten endurance athletes. Amino Acids.1994;7:45-56. (Pubitemid 24269812)
47. Baum M, Weiss M. the influence of a taurine containing drink on cardiac parameters before and aft er exercise measured by echocardiography. Amino Acids. 2001;20(1):75-82. (Pubitemid 32186471)
48. Barthel T, Mechau D, Wehr T, Schnittker R, Liesen H, Weiss M. Readiness potential in different states of physical activation and aft er ingestion of taurine and/or caffeine containing drinks. Amino Acids. 2001;20(1):63-73. (Pubitemid 32186470)
49. Sherman WM. Metabolism of sugars and physical performance. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62(1 suppl):228S-241S.
50. Smith N, Atroch AL. Guarana's journey from regional tonic to aphrodisiac and global energy drink. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2007;1-4.
51. Bahrke MS, Morgan WP, Stegner A. Is ginseng an ergogenic aid? Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2009;19(3):298-322.
52. Wolinsky I. Exercise and the B vitamins. In: Nutrition in Exercise and Sport. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC; 1998:183-188.
53. Celsius. http://www.celsius.com. Accessed October 8, 2009.
54. Dalbo VJ, Roberts MD, Stout JR, Kerksick CM. Acute effects of ingesting a commercial thermogenic drink on changes in energy expenditure and markers of lipolysis. J Int Soc Sport Nutr. 2008;5:6.
55. Roberts MD, Dalbo VJ, Hassell SE, Stout JR, Kerksick CM. Efficacy and safety of a popular thermogenic drink aft er 28 days of ingestion. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2008;5:19.
56. Malek MH, Housh TJ, Coburn JW, et al. Effects of eight weeks of caffeine supplementation and endurance training on aerobic fitness and body composition. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20(4):751-755.
57. Rush E, Schulz S, Obolonkin V, Simmons D, Plank L. Are energy drinks contributing to the obesity epidemic? Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2006;15(2): 242-244. (Pubitemid 43961979)
58. Diepvens K, Westerterp KR, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Obesity and thermogenesis related to the consumption of caffeine, ephedrine, and capsaicin, and green tea. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007;292(1):R77-R85.
59. Westerterp-Plantega MS, Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM. Body weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and green tea supplementation. Obes Res. 2005;13(7):1195-1204.
60. Lopez-Garcia E, van Dam RM, Rajpathak S, Willett WC, Manson JE, Hu FB. Changes in caffeine intake and long-term weight change in men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(3):674-680.
61. Acheson KJ. Caffeine and insulin sensitivity. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2005;3(1):19-25.
62. Lee SJ, Hudson R, Kilpatrick K, Graham TE, Ross R. Caffeine ingestion is associated with reductions in glucose uptake independent of obesity and type 2 diabetes before and aft er exercise training. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(3):566-572. (Pubitemid 40315314)
63. Petrie HJ, Chown SE, Belfie LM, et al. Caffeine ingestion increases the insulin response to an oral-glucose-tolerance test in obese men before and aft er weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(1):22-28.
64. van Dam RM, Feskens EJ. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lancet. 2002;360(9344):1477-1478. (Pubitemid 35356327)
65. Brøns C, Spohr C, Storgaard H, Dyerberg J, Vaag A. Effect of taurine treatment on insulin secretion and action, and on serum lipid levels in overweight men with a genetic predisposition for type II diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58(9):1239-1247. (Pubitemid 39264021)
66. Hasani-Ranjbar S, Nayebi N, Larijani B, Abdollahi M. A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of obesity. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(25):3073-3085.
67. Vuskan V, Stavro MP, Sievenpiper JL et al. Similar postprandial glycemic reduction with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(9):1221-1226.
68. Sotaniemi EA, Haapakoski E, Rautio A. Ginseng therapy in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 1995;18(10):1373-1375.
69. Dhingra R, Sullivan L, Jacques PF, et al. Soft drink consumption and risk of developing cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in the community. Circulation. 2009;116(5):480-488. (Pubitemid 47450256)
70. The Coca-Cola Company. Soft Drink Nutrition Information for Carbonated Beverages (United States). http://www.thecoca-colacompany. com/mail/goodanswer/ soft-drink-nutrition.pdf. Accessed October 30, 2009.
71. Iyadurai SJ, Chung SS. New-onset seizures in adults: possible association with consumption of popular energy drinks. Epilepsy Behav. 2007;10(3): 504-508.
72. Röggla G, Moser B, King LA, Nutt D. Seizures in a night club. Lancet. 2007;370(9583):220.
73. Machado-Vieira R, Viale CI, Kapczinski F. Mania associated with an energy drink: the possible role of caffeine, taurine, and inositol. Can J Psych. 2001;46:454-455. (Pubitemid 32655031)
74. Chelben J, Piccone-Sapir A, Ianco I, Shoenfeld N, Kotler M, Strous RD. Effects of amino acid energy drinks leading to hospitalization in individuals with mental illness. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2008;30(2):187-189. (Pubitemid 351248972)
75. Steinke L, Lanfear DE, Dhanapal V, Kalus JS. Effect of "energy drink" consumption on hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters in healthy young adults. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(4):596-602.
76. Health Canada. 5-Hour Energy drink: suspected association with a cardiovascular adverse reaction. Canadian Adverse Reaction J. 2009;19(2):4.
77. Berger AJ, Alford K. Cardiac arrest in a young man following excess consumption of caffeinated "energy drinks." Med J Aust. 2009;190(1): 41-43.
78. Nagajothi N, Khraisat A, Velazquez-Cecena JL, Arora R, Raghunathan K, Patel R, Parajuli R. Energy drink-related supraventricular tachycardia. Am J Med. 2008;121(4):e3-e4.
79. Terlizzi R, Rocchi C, Serra M, Solieri L, Cortelli P. Reversible postural tachycardia syndrome due to inadvertent overuse of Red Bull. Clin Auton Res. 2008;18(4):221-223.
80. Worrall BB, Phillips CD, Henderson KK. Herbal energy drinks, phenylpropanoid compounds, and cerebral vasculopathy. Neurology. 2005;65(7):1137-1138.
81. Masuda K, Katoh N, Mizutani H, Kishimoto S. Anaphylaxis to vitamin B2 added to an energy drink. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009;34(7):e263-e264.
82. Finnegan D. The health effects of stimulant drinks. Nutr Bulletin. 2003;28:147-155.
83. Griffiths, RR. Re: Docket 97P-0498/CPI or FDA-1997-P-0033. October 7, 2008. http://media.bonnint.net/slc/762/76246/7624674.pdf. Accessed October 5, 2009.
84. Suliman ME, Bàràny P, Filho JC, Lindholm B, Bergström J. Accumulation of taurine in patients with renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17(3):528-529. (Pubitemid 34211166)
85. Clauson KA, Shields KM, McQueen CE, Persad N. Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2008; 48(3):e55-e63; e64-e67.
86. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. www.naturaldatabase.com. Accessed October 1, 2009.
87. O'Brien MC, McCoy TP, Rhodes SD, Wagoner A, Wolfson M. Caffeinated cocktails: energy drink consumption, high-risk drinking, and alcohol-related consequences among college students. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;15(5):453-460.
88. FoodBev.com. Anti-energy trend emerging in drinks market. http://www.foodbev.com/report/anti-energy-trend-emerging-in-drinks-market. Accessed November 5, 2009.
89. Sexson B. Recent trends in substance abuse: energy drinks and anti-energy drinks. National Journal of Criminal Justice. 2009;4(5):14-15.
90. Fixx Extreme. Ultra Shot. www.getyourfixx.com/order.html. Accessed November 30, 2009.
91. Spike. Spike Shooter. www.spikeshooter.com. Accessed November 30, 2009.