Treatment of hypertension in athletes: An evidence-based review

Physician and Sportsmedicine

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 37-44

  Asplund, Chad ^a  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Antihypertensive agents; Athletes; Exercise; Hypertension

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BETA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CLONIDINE; DIHYDROPYRIDINE; DILTIAZEM; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; PLACEBO; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ATHLETE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COUGHING; DIZZINESS; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; EXERCISE; FATIGUE; FLUID RETENTION; FLUSHING; HEADACHE; HEART PALPITATION; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; NOSE CONGESTION; ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION; PROSTATE HYPERTROPHY; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; SPORTS MEDICINE; TACHYCARDIA;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; ATHLETES; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE;

EID: 77950809158     PISSN: 00913847     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3810/psm.2010.04.1760     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. Leddy JJ, Izzo J. Hypertension in athletes. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2009;11(4):226-233.
2. Tucker AM, Vogel RA, Lincoln AE, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk among National Football League Players. JAMA. 2009;301(20):2111- 2119.
3. Tanji JL. Tracking of elevated blood pressure values in adolescent athletes at 1-year follow-up. Am J Dis Child. 1991;145(6):665-667.
4. Spaulding R, Draper T, Fields K. Treatment of hypertension in the athlete. In: Mohler ER III, Townsend RR, eds. Advanced Therapy in Hypertension and Vascular Disease. Ontario, Canada: BC Decker; 2006.
5. Mulrow CD, Pignone M. What are the elements of good treatment for hypertension? BMJ. 2001;322(7294):1107-1109.
6. Beto JA, Bansal VK. Quality of life in treatment of hypertension. A metaanalysis of clinical trials. Am J Hypertens. 1992;5(3):125-133.
7. Spindler KP, Kuhn JE, Dunn W, Matthews CE, Harrell FE Jr, Dittus RS. Reading and reviewing the orthopaedic literature: a systematic, evidence-based medicine approach. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2005;13(4):220-229.
8. Chick TW, Halperin AK, Gacek EM. The effect of anti-hypertensive medications on exercise performance: a review. Med Sc Sports Exerc. 1988;20(5):447-454. (Pubitemid 18266126)
9. Tomten SE, Kjeldsen SE, Nilsson S, Westheim AS. Effect of alpha 1-adrenaoreceptor blockade on maximal VO2 and endurance capacity in well-trained athletic hypertensive men. Am J Hypertens. 1994;7(7 pt 1):603-608. (Pubitemid 24265155)
10. Lund-Johansen P, Omvik P, Haugland H. Acute and chronic haemodynamic effects of doxazosin in hypertension at rest and during exercise. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;21(suppl 1):45S-54S. (Pubitemid 17170740)
11. Lund-Johansen P. Hemodynamic changes at rest and during exercise in longterm prazosin therapy for essential hypertension. Postgrad Med. 1975:45-52.
12. Debruyne FM. Alpha blockers: are all created equal? Urology. 2000;56(5 suppl 1):20-22.
13. Overlack A. ACE inhibitor-induced cough and bronchospasm. Incidence, mechanisms and management. Drug Saf. 1996;15(1):72-78. (Pubitemid 26248759)
14. Cooke GA, Williams SG, Marshall P, et al. A mechanistic investigation of ACE inhibitor dose effects on aerobic capacity in heart failure patients. Eur Heart J. 2002;23(17):1360-1368. (Pubitemid 35407617)
15. Carré F, Handschuh R, Beillot J, et al. Effects of captopril chronic intake on the aerobic performance and muscle strength of normotensive trained subjects. Int J Sports Med. 1992;13(4):308-312.
16. D'Este D, Giada F, Sartori F, et al. The effects of enalapril on basal arterial pressure at rest and during exercise and on cardiac performance in hypertensive athletes [in Italian]. G Ital Cardiol. 1990;20(10):935-939. (Pubitemid 20386255)
17. Bouvier JM, Rabot D, Herrero G. Effect of bisoprolol and acebutolol on resting blood pressure and on exercise blood pressure profile in hypertensive patients: a comparative, single-blind study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1990;16(suppl 5):S179-S183.
18. Ades PA, Gunther PG, Meacham CP, Handy MA, LeWinter MM. Hypertension, exercise, and beta-adrenergic blockade. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109(8):629-634.
19. Kaiser P. Physical performance and muscle metabolism during beta-adrenergic blockade in man. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1984;536:1-53.
20. Wonisch M, Hofmann P, Fruhwald FM, et al. Influence of beta-blocker use on percentage of target heart rate exercise prescription. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2003;10(4):296-301. (Pubitemid 37433496)
21. Hughson RL, MacFarlane BJ. Effect of oral propranolol on the anaerobic threshold and maximum exercise performance in normal man. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1981;59(6):567-573.
22. Hawkins MN, Barnes Q, Purkayastha S, Eubank W, Ogoh S, Raven PB. The effect of aerobic fitness and beta1-adrenergic receptor blockade on cardiac work during dynamic exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2009;106(2):486-493.
23. Marcovitz PA, Armstrong WF. Impact of metoprolol on heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility in normal subjects during dobutamine stress echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 1997;80(3):386-388.
24. Rønnevik PK, Nordrehaug JE, von der Lippe G. Functional capacity in healthy volunteers before and following beta-blockade with controlled-release metoprolol. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;48(2):127-131.
25. Scruggs KD, Martin NB, Broeder CE, et al. Stroke volume during submaximal exercise in endurance-trained normotensive subjects and in untrained hypertensive subjects with beta blockade (propranolol and pindolol). Am J Cardiol. 1991;67(5):416-421.
26. Patrick J, Bassey J, Morrant J, Macdonald I. Effects of a week's beta-adrenoceptor blockade with atenolol and metoprolol CR/ZOK on the response to exercise in healthy women aged 50 to 70 years. J Clin Pharmacol. 1990;30(2 suppl):S108-S116. (Pubitemid 20144658)
27. Wolfel EE, Hiatt WR, Brammell HL, et al. Effects of selective and nonselective beta-adrenergic blockade on mechanisms of exercise conditioning. Circulation. 1986;714(4):664-674.
28. Joyner MJ, Freund BJ, Jilka SM, et al. Effects of beta-blockade on exercise capacity of trained and untrained men: a hemodynamic comparison. J Appl Physiol. 1986;60(4):1429-1434.
29. Pearson SB, Banks DC, Patrick JM. The effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on factors affecting exercise tolerance in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;8(2):143-148.
30. Lund-Johansen P, Ohm OJ. Haemodynamic long-term effects of metoprolol at rest and during exercise in essential hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1977;4(2):147-151. (Pubitemid 8068430)
31. Lund-Johansen P, Ohm OJ. Haemodynamic long-term effects of betareceptor-blocking agents in hypertension: a comparison between alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol and timolol. Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl. 1976;3:481S-483S.
32. Lund-Johansen P. Hemodynamic long-term effects of timolol at rest and during exercise in essential hypertension. Acta Med Scand. 1976;199(4):263-267.
33. Wonisch M, Hofmann P, Fruhwald FM, et al. Effect of beta(1)-selective adrenergic blockade on maximal blood lactate steady state in healthy men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;87(1):66-71. (Pubitemid 41399033)
34. Agostoni P, Doria E, Berti M, Alimento M, Tamborini G, Fiorentini C. Exercise performance in patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Effects of nifedipine-induced acute blood pressure reduction. Chest. 1992;101(6):1591-1596.
35. Marcadet DM, Blanc AS, Lopez AA, et al. Efficacy and tolerance of LA 50 mg nicardipine in hypertensive athletes [in French]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1991;84(11):1569-1574.
36. Pool PE, Seagren SC, Salel AF. Effects of diltiazem on serum lipids, exercise performance and blood pressure: randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled evaluation for systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1985;56(16):86H-91H.
37. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289(19):2560-2572.
38. Caldwell JE. Diuretic therapy and exercise performance. Sports Med. 1987;4(4):290-304.
39. Roy BD, Green HJ, Burnett ME. Prolonged exercise following diuretic-induced hypohydration: effects on cardiovascular and thermal strain. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2000;78(7):541-547.
40. Dengel DR, Weyand PG, Black DM, Cureton KJ. Effects of varying levels of hypohydration on ratings of perceived exertion. Int J Sport Nutr. 1993;3(4):376-386.
41. Baum K, Essfeld D, Stegemann J. The influence of furosemide on heart rate and oxygen uptake in the exercising man. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1986;55(6):619-623. (Pubitemid 17034992)
42. Armstrong LE, Costill DL, Fink WJ. Influence of diuretic-induced dehydration on competitive running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985;17(4):456-461.
43. Lund-Johansen P. Hemodynamic changes at rest and during exercise in long term clonidine therapy of essential hypertension. Acta Med Scand. 1975;195(1-2):111-117.
44. Marinova V, Kraev D, Kolipilev V. Cholphazoline (clonidine): the acute and long term hemodynamic effects in hypertensive patients. Med Biol Inform. 1976;2:17-19. (Pubitemid 8115331)
45. Teixeira A, Billigmann PW, Bohner H, et al. Exercise performance after long-term administration of enalapril or metoprolol. A randomized double-blind study of hypertensive leisure-time sportsmen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1992;117(25):967-973.
46. Derman WE, Sims R, Noakes TD. The effects of antihypertensive medications on the physiological response to maximal exercise testing. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1992;19(suppl 5):S122-S127.
47. Danielsson A, Bjerle P, Ek B, Steen L, Suhr O. Nicardipine in the treatment of essential hypertension controlled 6-month study comparing nicardipine with propranolol at rest and during exercise. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1987;33(1):15-20. (Pubitemid 17133910)
48. Derman WE, Dunbar F, Haus M, Lambert M, Noeaks TD. Chronic beta-blockade does not influence muscle power output during high intensity exercise of short-duration. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1993;67(5):415-419. (Pubitemid 23343672)
49. Kokkinos P, Chrysohoou C, Panagiotakos D, Narayan P, Greenberg M, Singh S. Beta-blockade mitigates exercise blood pressure in hypertensive male patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(4):794-798. (Pubitemid 43243103)
50. WADA. The World Anti-Doping Code. The 2010 Prohibited List. International Standard. Montreal, Canada: WADA; 2010:1-9.
51. USADA. http://www.usada.org/. Accessed February 20, 2010.
52. NCAA Publications. http://www.ncaapublications.com. Accessed February 20, 2010.