Tuning the voltage dependence of the efficiency of blue organic light-emitting diodes based on fluorene-amine copolymers

Organic Electronics

Volumn 11, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 755-766

  Harkema, S ^a,b   Kicken, R A H J ^b,c   Langeveld Voss, B M W ^c   van Mensfoort, S L M ^d,e   de Kok, M M ^e   Coehoorn, R ^d,e  

^a HOLST CENTRE   (Netherlands)

^b DUTCH POLYMER INSTITUTE DPI   (Netherlands)

^c TNO   (Netherlands)

^d EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^e PHILIPS RESEARCH LABORATORIES   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Luminous efficacy; Mobility; Organic light emitting diodes; Photoluminescence; Polyfluorene

Indexed keywords

AROMATIC POLYMERS; CARRIER MOBILITY; DIODES; EFFICIENCY; HOLE CONCENTRATION; HOLE MOBILITY; ORGANIC POLYMERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; TUNING;

BLUE ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES; DEVICE APPLICATION; EXTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; HOLE TRANSPORTING; LUMINOUS EFFICACY; ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES(OLEDS); POLYFLUORENES; VOLTAGE DEPENDENCE;

ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLED);

EID: 77950692316     PISSN: 15661199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2010.01.015     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Fukuda M., Sawada K., and Yoshino K. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28 (1989) L1433
2. Uchida M., Ohmori Y., Morishima C., and Yoshino K. Synth. Met. 57 (1993) 4168
3. Ohmori Y., Uchida M., Muro K., and Yoshino K. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30 (1991) L1941
4. Fukuda M., Sawada K., and Yoshino K. J. Polym. Sci. (A) 31 (1993) 2465
5. Doi S., Sekine C., Tsubata Y., Ueda M., Noguchi T., and Ohnishi T. J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol. 16 (2003) 303
6. Spreitzer H., Becker H., Breuning E., Falcou A., Treacher K., Büsing A., Parham A., Stößel P., Heun S., and Steiger J. Proc. SPIE 4800 (2003) 16
7. Wu W., Inbasekaran M., Hudack M., Welsh D., Yu W., Cheng Y., Wang C., Kram S., Tacey M., Bernius M., Fletcher R., Kiszka K., Munger S., and O'Brien J. Microelectron. J. 35 (2004) 343
8. Akcelrud L. Program. Polym. Sci. 28 (2003) 875
9. Redecker M., Bradley D.D.C., Inbasekaran M., Wu W.W., and Woo E.P. Adv. Mater. 11 (1999) 241
10. Yang W., Niu Y., Liu C., Hou Q., Huang J., Yang R., Zeng X., and Cao Y. Synth. Met. 135-136 (2003) 183
11. Hou Q., Niu Y.H., Huang W.B., Yang W., Yang R.Q., Yuan M., and Cao Y. Synth. Met. 135-136 (2003) 185
12. M. Inbasekaran, Y. Cheng, S. Gaynor, M. Hudack, C. Wang, D.M. Welsh, W. Wu, US Patent 6916902, 2005; M. Inbasekaran, M.T. Bernius, W. Wu, J.J. O'Brien, Patent WO/2000/46321.
13. Grigalevicius S., Ma L., Xie Z.-Y., and Scherf U. J. Polym. Sci. A 44 (2006) 5987
14. Bernius M., Inbasekaran M., Woo E., Wu W., and Wujkowski L. Thin Solid Films 363 (2000) 55
15. Bernius M., Inbasekaran M., Woo E., Wu W., and Wujkowski L. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 11 (2000) 111
16. Wang S., Liu Y.Q., Zhan X.W., Yu G., and Zhu D.B. Synth. Met. 137 (2003) 1153
17. Park M.-J., Leeb J.-H., and Hwang D.-H. Curr. Appl. Phys. 6 (2006) 752
18. Zeng D., Chen J., Chen Z., Zhu W., He J., Yu F., Huang H., Wu H., Liu C., Ren S., Du J., Sun J., Xu E., Cao A., and Fang Q. Macromol. Rap. Commun. 28 (2007) 772
19. Inbasekaran M., Woo E., Wu W., Bernius M., and Wujkowski L. Synth. Met. 111-112 (2000) 397
20. Palilis L.C., Lidzey D.G., Redecker M., Bradley D.D.C., Inbasekaran M., Woo E.P., and Wu W.W. Synth. Met. 111-112 (2000) 159
21. Liu B., Yu W.-L., Lai Y.-H., and Huang W. Chem. Mater. 13 (2001) 1984
22. Lee J.-I., Chu H.Y., Lee H., Oh J., Do L.-M., Zyung T., Lee J., and Shim H.-K. ETRI J. 27 (2005) 182
23. Vak D., Shin S.J., Yum J.-H., Kim S.-S., and Kim D.-Y. J. Lumin. 115 (2005) 109
24. Yang N.C., Lee S.M., Yoo Y.M., Kim J.K., and Suh D.H. J. Polym. Sci. (A) 42 (2004) 1058
25. Lee J., Jung B.-J., Lee S.K., Lee J.-I., Cho H.-J., and Shim H.-K. J. Polym. Sci (A) 43 (2005) 1845
26. Lim E., Jung B.-J., and Shim H.-K. Macromolecules 36 (2003) 4288
27. Sun Q., Zhan X., Yang C., Liu Y., Li Y., and Zhu D. Thin Solid Films 440 (2003) 247
28. Chen R.-F., Fan Q.-L., Liu S.-J., Zhu R., Pu K.-Y., and Huang W. Synth. Met. 156 (2006) 1161
29. Coehoorn R., Vulto S.I.E., van Mensfoort S.L.M., Billen J., Bartyzel M., Greiner H., and Assent R. Proc. SPIE 6192 (2006) 61920O
30. Laquai F., and Hertel D. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 (2007) 142109
31. Coehoorn R., and van Mensfoort S.L.M. Phys. Rev. B 80 (2009) 085302
32. Craciun N.I., Brondijk J.J., and Blom P.W.M. Phys. Rev. B 77 (2008) 035206
33. van Mensfoort S.L.M., and Coehoorn R. Phys. Rev. B 78 (2008) 085207
34. van Mensfoort S.L.M., Vulto S.I.E., Janssen R.A.J., and Coehoorn R. Phys. Rev. B 78 (2008) 085208
35. Mandoc M.M., de Boer B., Paasch G., and Blom P.W.M. Phys. Rev. B 75 (2007) 1932022
36. van Mensfoort S.L.M., Billen J., Vulto S.I.E., Janssen R.A.J., and Coehoorn R. Phys. Rev. B 80 (2009) 033202
37. van der Holst J.J.M., Uijttewaal M.A., Balasubramanian R., Coehoorn R., Bobbert P.A., de Wijs G.A., and de Groot R.A. Phys. Rev. B 79 (2009) 085203
38. Grizzi I., Foden C., Goddard S., and Towns C. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 771 (2003) L1.7.1
39. Kanicki J., Lee S.-J., Hong Y., and Su C.-C. J. SID 13/12 (2005) 993
40. Liao L.S., Lee C.S., Lee S.T., Inbasekaran M., and Wu W.W. In: Salaneck W.R., et al. (Ed). Conjugated Polymer and Molecular Interfaces (2002), Marcel Dekker, New York 401-441 (Chapter 12)
41. Ref. [3]
42. Bolink H.J., Cappelli L., Coronado E., and Recalde I. Adv. Mater. 18 (2006) 920
43. Tao S., Peng Z., Zhang X., Wang P., Lee C.-S., and Lee S.-T. Adv. Funct. Mater. 15 (2005) 1716
44. Müller C.D., Falcou A., Reckefuss N., Rojahn M., Wiederhirn V., Rudati P., Frohne H., Nuyken O., Becker H., and Meerholz K. Nature 421 (2003) 830
45. Gebeyehu D., Walzer K., He G., Pfeiffer M., Leo K., Brandt J., Gerhard A., Stößel P., and Vestweber H. Synth. Met. 148 (2005) 205
46. Ref. [16]
47. Wang E., Li C., Mo Y., Zhang Y., Ma G., Shi W., Peng J., Yang W., and Cao Y. J. Mater. Chem. 16 (2006) 4133
48. Ref. [26]
49. Ref. [2]
50. Gohda T., Kobayashi Y., Okano K., Inoue S., Okamoto K., Hashimoto S., Yamamoto E., Morita H., Mitsui S., and Koden M. SID Symp. Digest Tech. Papers 37 (2006) 1767
51. de Mello J.C., Wittmann H.F., and Friend R.H. Adv. Mater. 9 (1997) 230
52. Pålsson L.-O., and Monkman A.P. Adv. Mater. 14 (2002) 757
53. Johnson A.R., Lee S.-J., Klein J., and Kanicki J. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78 (2007) 096101
54. Ariu M., Lidzey D.G., Sims M., Cadby A.J., Lane P.A., and Bradley D.D.C. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14 (2002) 9975
55. Sreearunothai P., Morteani A.C., Avilov I., Cornil J., Beljonne D., Friend R.H., Phillips R.T., Silva C., and Herz L.M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 117403
56. Ramon J.G.S., and Bittner E.R. J. Chem. Phys. 126 (2007) 18101
57. Chuang T.J., Cox R.J., and Eisenthal K.B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86 (1974) 6828
58. Chuang T.J., and Eisenthal K.B. J. Chem. Phys. 59 (1973) 2140
59. See e.g. Fig. 11 in. Segal M., Baldo M.A., Holmes R.J., Forrest S.R., and Soos Z.G. Phys. Rev. B 68 (2003) 075211
60. Pasveer W.F., Cottaar J., Tanase C., Coehoorn R., Bobbert P.A., Blom P.W.M., de Leeuw D.M., and Michels M.A.J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005) 206601
61. Neyts K. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15 (1998) 962
62. Greiner H., and Martin O.J.F. Proc. SPIE 5214 (2004) 249
63. Ruhstaller B., et al. SID Symp. Digest Tech. Papers 38 (2007) 1686
64. Miyara N., and Suzuki A. Chem. Rev. 95 (1995) 2457
65. Bockris J.O.M., and Khan S.U.M. Surface Electrochemistry, A Molecular Level Approach (1993), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York