Evidence: Philosophy of science meets medicine

Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 356-362

  Worrall, John ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Controlled trial; Evidence based medicine; External validity; Logic of evidence; Philosophy of science; Severe test

Indexed keywords

ASCORBIC ACID; BENOXAPROFEN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT;

ARTHRITIS; BAYES THEOREM; CLINICAL RESEARCH; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMMON COLD; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EPISTEMOLOGY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; EXTERNAL VALIDITY; EXTRACORPOREAL OXYGENATION; GOLD STANDARD; HEPATORENAL SYNDROME; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; KNOWLEDGE BASE; LOGIC; MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESOURCE ALLOCATION; REVIEW; SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE; THEORY-PRACTICE RELATIONSHIP; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; PHILOSOPHY, MEDICAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC;

EID: 77950490041     PISSN: 13561294     EISSN: 13652753     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01400.x     Document Type: Review

References (23)

1. Sackett, D. L., Strauss, S. E., Richardson, W. S., Rosenberg, W. Haynes, R. B. (2000) Evidence Based Medicine. How to Practice and Teach EBM, 2nd edn.
2. Hill, A. B. (1952) The Principles of Medical Statistics, 1st edn (12th Edn 1991).
3. Sackett, D. L. (1996) Evidence based medicine. What it is and what it isnt. British Medical Journal, 312, 71 72.
4. Worrall, J. (2007) Evidence in medicine and evidence-based medicine. Philosophy Compass, 2 (6 981 1022.
5. Barton, S. (2000) Which clinical studies provide the best evidence? The best RCT still trumps the best observational study. British Medical Journal, 321, 255 256.
6. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2002) Systems to Rate the Strength of Scientific Evidence.
7. Schünemann, H. J., Fretheim, A. Oxman, A. D. (2006) Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 9. Grading evidence and recommendations. Health Research Policy and Systems, 4, 21.
8. Rawlins, M. D. (2008) De Testimonio: On the Evidence for Decisions about the use of Therapeutic Interventions. The Harveian Oration 2008.
9. Glaziou, P., Chalmers, I., Rawlins, M. McCulloch, P. (2007) When are randomised trials Unnecessary? Picking signal from noise. British Medical Journal, 334, 349 351.
10. Howson, C. Urbach, P. M. (2007) Scientific Reasoning: The Bayesian Approach.
11. Popper, K. R. (1958) The Logic of Scientific Discovery.
12. Mayo, D. (1996) Error and the Growth of Experimental Knowledge.
13. Duhem, P. (1954) The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory.
14. Clarke, M. (2004) Cochrane Collaboration - Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Collaboration. Available at: http://209.211.250.105/docs/whycc.htm (last accessed 12 February 2010).
15. Leibovici, L. (2001) Effects of remote, retroactive, intercessory prayer on outcomes in patients with bloodstream infection. British Medical Journal, 323, 1450 1451.
16. Leibovici, L. (2002) Authors reply. British Medical Journal, Letters, 324, 1037.
17. Lindley, D. V. (1982) The role of randomisation in inference. In Philosophy of Science Association, Vol. 2 (ed. A. Fine pp. 431 446.
18. Worrall, J. (2009) Do we need some large, simple randomized trials in medicine? In European Philosophy of Science, Vol. 1 (ed. M. Suarez pp. 289 301.
19. Papp, K. A., Langley, R. G. Lebwohl, M. (2008) Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab, a human interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody, in patients with psoriasis: 52-week results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (PHOENIX 2). Lancet, 371, 1675 1684 Muers, M. F., Stephens, R. J. Fisher, P. (2008) Active sympton control with or without chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MS01): a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet, 371, 1685 1694.
20. Bartlett, C., Doyal, L., Ebrahim, S., Davey, P., Bachmann, M., Egger, M. Dieppe, P. (2005) The causes and effects of socio-demographic exclusions from clinical trials. Health Technology Assessment, 9, 1 152.
21. Lancet 1982) Lessons from the benoxaprofen affair. Lancet, 320 (8297 529 530.
22. Truog, R. D. (1992) Randomized controlled trials: lessons from ECMO. Clinical Research, 40 (3 519 527.
23. Bluhm, R. (2009) Further Lessons from ECMO: The Epistemology and Ethics of Chronic Disease Research (forthcoming).