메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 1-21

Carbon fluxes and nitrogen availability along an urban-rural gradient in a desert landscape

Author keywords

Desert ecosystems; Larrea tridentata; Soil carbon; Soil respiration; Urban gradient analysis

Indexed keywords

LARREA; LARREA TRIDENTATA;

EID: 77950459533     PISSN: 10838155     EISSN: 15731642     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11252-009-0105-z     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (39)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 0025635288 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between infiltration and stone cover on a semiarid hillslope, southern Arizona
    • Abrahams AD, Parsons AJ (1991) Relationship between infiltration and stone cover on a semiarid hillslope, southern Arizona. J Hydrol 122: 49-59.
    • (1991) J Hydrol , vol.122 , pp. 49-59
    • Abrahams, A.D.1    Parsons, A.J.2
  • 3
    • 0034754946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen balance for the Central Arizona-Phoenix (CAP) ecosystem
    • Baker LA, Hope D, Xu Y, Edmonds J, Lauver L (2001) Nitrogen balance for the Central Arizona-Phoenix (CAP) ecosystem. Ecosyst 4: 582-602.
    • (2001) Ecosyst , vol.4 , pp. 582-602
    • Baker, L.A.1    Hope, D.2    Xu, Y.3    Edmonds, J.4    Lauver, L.5
  • 4
    • 0002151534 scopus 로고
    • Time and space characteristics of the Phoenix urban heat island
    • Balling RC Jr, Brazel SW (1987) Time and space characteristics of the Phoenix urban heat island. Ariz-Nev Acad Sci 21: 75-81.
    • (1987) Ariz-Nev Acad Sci , vol.21 , pp. 75-81
    • Balling Jr., R.C.1    Brazel, S.W.2
  • 5
    • 0024163753 scopus 로고
    • High-resolution surface temperature patterns in a complex urban terrain
    • Balling RC Jr, Brazel SW (1988) High-resolution surface temperature patterns in a complex urban terrain. Photogramm Eng Remote Sens 54: 1289-1293.
    • (1988) Photogramm Eng Remote Sens , vol.54 , pp. 1289-1293
    • Balling Jr., R.C.1    Brazel, S.W.2
  • 8
    • 35349029754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of changes in the regional urban heat island in metropolitan Phoenix (Arizona, USA) between 1990 and 2004
    • Brazel A, Gober P, Lee S, Grossman-Clarke S, Zehnder J, Hedquist B, Comparii E (2007) Determinants of changes in the regional urban heat island in metropolitan Phoenix (Arizona, USA) between 1990 and 2004. Clim Res 33: 171-182.
    • (2007) Clim Res , vol.33 , pp. 171-182
    • Brazel, A.1    Gober, P.2    Lee, S.3    Grossman-Clarke, S.4    Zehnder, J.5    Hedquist, B.6    Comparii, E.7
  • 9
    • 0037800395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen effects on alien annual plants
    • Brooks ML (2003) Nitrogen effects on alien annual plants. J Appl Ecol 40: 344-353.
    • (2003) J Appl Ecol , vol.40 , pp. 344-353
    • Brooks, M.L.1
  • 11
    • 0033367394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in quality and decomposability of red oak leaf litter along an urban-rural gradient
    • Carreiro MM, Howe K, Parkhurst DF, Pouyat RV (1999) Variation in quality and decomposability of red oak leaf litter along an urban-rural gradient. Biol Fert Soil 30: 258-268.
    • (1999) Biol Fert Soil , vol.30 , pp. 258-268
    • Carreiro, M.M.1    Howe, K.2    Parkhurst, D.F.3    Pouyat, R.V.4
  • 12
    • 0001341224 scopus 로고
    • Plant-induced soil chemical patterns in some shrub-dominated semidesert ecosystems of Utah
    • Charley JL, West NE (1975) Plant-induced soil chemical patterns in some shrub-dominated semidesert ecosystems of Utah. J Ecol 63: 945-964.
    • (1975) J Ecol , vol.63 , pp. 945-964
    • Charley, J.L.1    West, N.E.2
  • 13
    • 0031683031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon pools and fluxes along an environmental gradient in northern Arizona
    • Conant RT, Klopatek JM, Malin RC, Klopatek CC (1998) Carbon pools and fluxes along an environmental gradient in northern Arizona. Biogeochem 43: 43-61.
    • (1998) Biogeochem , vol.43 , pp. 43-61
    • Conant, R.T.1    Klopatek, J.M.2    Malin, R.C.3    Klopatek, C.C.4
  • 15
    • 0042388517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenic impacts on summer precipitation in Central Arizona, U.S.A
    • Diem JE, Brown DP (2003) Anthropogenic impacts on summer precipitation in Central Arizona, U. S. A. Prof Geog 55: 343-355.
    • (2003) Prof Geog , vol.55 , pp. 343-355
    • Diem, J.E.1    Brown, D.P.2
  • 16
    • 0030429712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for nitrogen saturation in the San Bernadino Mountains in southern California
    • Fenn ME, Poth MA, Johnson DW (1996) Evidence for nitrogen saturation in the San Bernadino Mountains in southern California. Forest Ecol Manag 82: 211-230.
    • (1996) Forest Ecol Manag , vol.82 , pp. 211-230
    • Fenn, M.E.1    Poth, M.A.2    Johnson, D.W.3
  • 19
    • 33745153376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil respiration in the cold desert environment of the Colorado Plateau (USA): Abiotic regulators and thresholds
    • Fernandez DP, Neff JC, Belnap J, Reynolds RL (2006) Soil respiration in the cold desert environment of the Colorado Plateau (USA): abiotic regulators and thresholds. Biogeochem 78: 247-265.
    • (2006) Biogeochem , vol.78 , pp. 247-265
    • Fernandez, D.P.1    Neff, J.C.2    Belnap, J.3    Reynolds, R.L.4
  • 20
    • 0001062065 scopus 로고
    • Water and nitrogen effects on growth and allocation patterns of creosotebush in the northern Chihuahuan Desert
    • Fisher FM, Zak JC, Cunningham GL, Whitford WG (1987) Water and nitrogen effects on growth and allocation patterns of creosotebush in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. J Range Manag 41: 387-391.
    • (1987) J Range Manag , vol.41 , pp. 387-391
    • Fisher, F.M.1    Zak, J.C.2    Cunningham, G.L.3    Whitford, W.G.4
  • 21
    • 0025251289 scopus 로고
    • Decomposition and soil nitrogen availability in Chihuahuan Desert field microcosms
    • Fisher FM, Freckman DW, Whitford WG (1990) Decomposition and soil nitrogen availability in Chihuahuan Desert field microcosms. Soil Biol Biochem 22: 241-249.
    • (1990) Soil Biol Biochem , vol.22 , pp. 241-249
    • Fisher, F.M.1    Freckman, D.W.2    Whitford, W.G.3
  • 22
    • 0000102927 scopus 로고
    • Abundance, distribution, biomass and energetics of soil nematodes in a northern Mojave Desert ecosystem
    • Freckman DW, Mankau R (1986) Abundance, distribution, biomass and energetics of soil nematodes in a northern Mojave Desert ecosystem. Pedobiol 29: 129-142.
    • (1986) Pedobiol , vol.29 , pp. 129-142
    • Freckman, D.W.1    Mankau, R.2
  • 23
    • 0027103470 scopus 로고
    • Carbon and nitrogen limitations of soil microbial biomass in desert ecosystems
    • Gallardo A, Schlesinger WH (1992) Carbon and nitrogen limitations of soil microbial biomass in desert ecosystems. Biogeochem 18: 1-17.
    • (1992) Biogeochem , vol.18 , pp. 1-17
    • Gallardo, A.1    Schlesinger, W.H.2
  • 24
    • 0028977556 scopus 로고
    • Factors determining soil microbial biomass and nutrient immobilization in desert soils
    • Gallardo A, Schlesinger WH (1995) Factors determining soil microbial biomass and nutrient immobilization in desert soils. Biogeochem 28: 32-38.
    • (1995) Biogeochem , vol.28 , pp. 32-38
    • Gallardo, A.1    Schlesinger, W.H.2
  • 27
    • 33646149989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization increases grassland carbon pools: Effects of landscaping in Colorado's Front Range
    • Golubiewski NE (2006) Urbanization increases grassland carbon pools: effects of landscaping in Colorado's Front Range. Ecol Appl 16: 555-571.
    • (2006) Ecol Appl , vol.16 , pp. 555-571
    • Golubiewski, N.E.1
  • 28
    • 0036852947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzyme activities and carbon dioxide flux in a Sonoran desert urban ecosystem
    • Green DM, Oleksyszyn M (2002) Enzyme activities and carbon dioxide flux in a Sonoran desert urban ecosystem. Soil Sci Soc Amer J 66: 2002-2008.
    • (2002) Soil Sci Soc Amer J , vol.66 , pp. 2002-2008
    • Green, D.M.1    Oleksyszyn, M.2
  • 29
    • 0038495734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban effects on tree growth in the vicinity of New York City
    • Gregg JW, Jones CG, Dawson TE (2003) Urban effects on tree growth in the vicinity of New York City. Nature 424: 183-187.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.424 , pp. 183-187
    • Gregg, J.W.1    Jones, C.G.2    Dawson, T.E.3
  • 30
    • 0033928240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated approaches to long term studies of urban ecological systems
    • Grimm NB, Grove JM, Redman CL, Pickett STA (2000) Integrated approaches to long term studies of urban ecological systems. Biosci 50: 571-584.
    • (2000) Biosci , vol.50 , pp. 571-584
    • Grimm, N.B.1    Grove, J.M.2    Redman, C.L.3    Pickett, S.T.A.4
  • 33
    • 0016048660 scopus 로고
    • Southwestern United States monsoon source-Gulf of Mexico or Pacific Ocean?
    • Hales JE Jr (1974) Southwestern United States monsoon source-Gulf of Mexico or Pacific Ocean? J Appl Meteorol 13: 331-342.
    • (1974) J Appl Meteorol , vol.13 , pp. 331-342
    • Hales Jr., J.E.1
  • 34
    • 0028989746 scopus 로고
    • Resource islands predict the distribution of heterotrophic bacteria in Chihuahuan Desert soils
    • Herman RP, Provencio KR, Herrera-Matos J, Torrez RJ (1995) Resource islands predict the distribution of heterotrophic bacteria in Chihuahuan Desert soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 61: 1816-1821.
    • (1995) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.61 , pp. 1816-1821
    • Herman, R.P.1    Provencio, K.R.2    Herrera-Matos, J.3    Torrez, R.J.4
  • 35
    • 33646364853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increases in desert shrub productivity under elevated carbon dioxide vary with water availability
    • Housman DC, Naumburg E, Huxman TE, Charlet TN, Nowak RS, Smith SD (2006) Increases in desert shrub productivity under elevated carbon dioxide vary with water availability. Ecosyst 9: 374-385.
    • (2006) Ecosyst , vol.9 , pp. 374-385
    • Housman, D.C.1    Naumburg, E.2    Huxman, T.E.3    Charlet, T.N.4    Nowak, R.S.5    Smith, S.D.6
  • 38
    • 33745866242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Points, patches, and regions: Scaling soil biogeochemical patterns in an urbanized arid ecosystem
    • Jenerette GD, Wu J, Grimm NB, Hope D (2006) Points, patches, and regions: scaling soil biogeochemical patterns in an urbanized arid ecosystem. Glob Change Biol 12: 1532-1544.
    • (2006) Glob Change Biol , vol.12 , pp. 1532-1544
    • Jenerette, G.D.1    Wu, J.2    Grimm, N.B.3    Hope, D.4
  • 39
    • 17644412345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon fluxes, nitrogen cycling, and soil microbial communities in adjacent urban, native and agricultural ecosystems
    • Kaye JP, McCulley RL, Burke IC (2005) Carbon fluxes, nitrogen cycling, and soil microbial communities in adjacent urban, native and agricultural ecosystems. Glob Change Biol 11: 575-587.
    • (2005) Glob Change Biol , vol.11 , pp. 575-587
    • Kaye, J.P.1    McCulley, R.L.2    Burke, I.C.3
  • 41
    • 0031852785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal dynamics in soil carbon and nitrogen resources at a grassland-shrubland ecotone
    • Kieft TL, White CS, Loftin SR, Aguilar R, Craig JA, Skaar DA (1998) Temporal dynamics in soil carbon and nitrogen resources at a grassland-shrubland ecotone. Ecol 79: 671-683.
    • (1998) Ecol , vol.79 , pp. 671-683
    • Kieft, T.L.1    White, C.S.2    Loftin, S.R.3    Aguilar, R.4    Craig, J.A.5    Skaar, D.A.6
  • 43
    • 3042709594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clean rain promotes fine root growth and soil respiration in a Norway spruce forest
    • Lamersdorf NP, Borken W (2004) Clean rain promotes fine root growth and soil respiration in a Norway spruce forest. Glob Change Biol 10: 1351-1362.
    • (2004) Glob Change Biol , vol.10 , pp. 1351-1362
    • Lamersdorf, N.P.1    Borken, W.2
  • 44
    • 0025919431 scopus 로고
    • Regional characteristics of land use in Northeast and Southern Blue Ridge Province USA associations with acid rain effects on surface-water chemistry
    • Leigel L, Cassell D, Stevens D, Shaffer P, Church R (1991) Regional characteristics of land use in Northeast and Southern Blue Ridge Province USA associations with acid rain effects on surface-water chemistry. Environ Manag 15: 269-280.
    • (1991) Environ Manag , vol.15 , pp. 269-280
    • Leigel, L.1    Cassell, D.2    Stevens, D.3    Shaffer, P.4    Church, R.5
  • 46
    • 46549085545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric deposition of carbon and nutrients across an arid metropolitan area
    • Lohse KA, Hope D, Sponseller R, Allen JO, Grimm NB (2008) Atmospheric deposition of carbon and nutrients across an arid metropolitan area. Sci Total Environ 402: 95-105.
    • (2008) Sci Total Environ , vol.402 , pp. 95-105
    • Lohse, K.A.1    Hope, D.2    Sponseller, R.3    Allen, J.O.4    Grimm, N.B.5
  • 48
    • 0032463875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban effects on precipitation amount
    • Lowery WP (1998) Urban effects on precipitation amount. Prog Phys Geog 22: 477-520.
    • (1998) Prog Phys Geog , vol.22 , pp. 477-520
    • Lowery, W.P.1
  • 49
    • 0002808460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warm deserts
    • 2nd edn., M. G. Barbour and W. D. Billings (Eds.), New York: Cambridge University Press
    • MacMahon JA (2000) Warm deserts. In: Barbour MG, Billings WD (eds) North american terrestrial vegetation, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, New York.
    • (2000) North American Terrestrial Vegetation
    • Macmahon, J.A.1
  • 50
    • 0013321808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape water use in Phoenix, Arizona
    • Martin C (2001) Landscape water use in Phoenix, Arizona. Desert Plants 17: 26-31.
    • (2001) Desert Plants , vol.17 , pp. 26-31
    • Martin, C.1
  • 51
    • 0027831113 scopus 로고
    • Water funneling by the crown of Flourensia cernua, a Chihuahuan Desert shrub
    • Mauchamp A, Janeau JL (1993) Water funneling by the crown of Flourensia cernua, a Chihuahuan Desert shrub. J Arid Environ 25: 299-306.
    • (1993) J Arid Environ , vol.25 , pp. 299-306
    • Mauchamp, A.1    Janeau, J.L.2
  • 52
    • 0025693363 scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem structure and function along urban-rural gradients: An unexploited opportunity for ecology
    • McDonnell MJ, Pickett STA (1990) Ecosystem structure and function along urban-rural gradients: an unexploited opportunity for ecology. Ecol 71: 1232-1237.
    • (1990) Ecol , vol.71 , pp. 1232-1237
    • McDonnell, M.J.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 53
    • 1642436257 scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of ecosystems along gradients of urbanization: Opportunities and limitations
    • J. Cole, G. Lovett, and S. Findlay (Eds.), New York: Springer-Verlag
    • McDonnell MJ, Pickett STA (1991) Comparative analysis of ecosystems along gradients of urbanization: opportunities and limitations. In: Cole J, Lovett G, Findlay S (eds) Comparative analyses of ecosystems: patterns mechanisms and theories. Springer-Verlag, New York.
    • (1991) Comparative Analyses of Ecosystems: Patterns Mechanisms and Theories
    • McDonnell, M.J.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 55
    • 0033905371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential effects of nitrogen deposition on fine-root production in forest ecosystems
    • Nadelhoffer KJ (2000) The potential effects of nitrogen deposition on fine-root production in forest ecosystems. New Phytol 147: 131-139.
    • (2000) New Phytol , vol.147 , pp. 131-139
    • Nadelhoffer, K.J.1
  • 56
    • 0025572880 scopus 로고
    • Interception loss and rainfall redistribution by three semi-arid growing shrubs in northeastern Mexico
    • Navar J, Bryan RB (1990) Interception loss and rainfall redistribution by three semi-arid growing shrubs in northeastern Mexico. J Hydrol 115: 51-63.
    • (1990) J Hydrol , vol.115 , pp. 51-63
    • Navar, J.1    Bryan, R.B.2
  • 57
    • 0016466550 scopus 로고
    • Urban heat island dynamics in Montreal and Vancouver
    • Oke TR, Maxwell GB (1975) Urban heat island dynamics in Montreal and Vancouver. Atm Environ 9: 191-200.
    • (1975) Atm Environ , vol.9 , pp. 191-200
    • Oke, T.R.1    Maxwell, G.B.2
  • 60
    • 0026207226 scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal accumulation in forest soils along an urban-rural gradient in southeastern New York
    • Pouyat R, McDonnell MJ (1991) Heavy metal accumulation in forest soils along an urban-rural gradient in southeastern New York. Water Air Soil Pollut 57: 797-807.
    • (1991) Water Air Soil Pollut , vol.57 , pp. 797-807
    • Pouyat, R.1    McDonnell, M.J.2
  • 62
    • 0001460953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Litter decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in oak stands along an urban-rural land use gradient
    • Pouyat RV, McDonnell MJ, Pickett STA (1997) Litter decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in oak stands along an urban-rural land use gradient. Urban Ecosyst 1: 117-131.
    • (1997) Urban Ecosyst , vol.1 , pp. 117-131
    • Pouyat, R.V.1    McDonnell, M.J.2    Pickett, S.T.A.3
  • 63
    • 0029294473 scopus 로고
    • Soil characteristics of oak stands along and urban-rural gradient
    • Pouyat RV, McDonnell MJ, Pickett STA (1995) Soil characteristics of oak stands along and urban-rural gradient. J Environ Qual 24: 516-526.
    • (1995) J Environ Qual , vol.24 , pp. 516-526
    • Pouyat, R.V.1    McDonnell, M.J.2    Pickett, S.T.A.3
  • 64
    • 0028160472 scopus 로고
    • Environmental effects of forest soil-invertebrate and fungal densities in oak stands along and urban-rural landuse gradient
    • Pouyat RV, Parmelee RW, Carreiro MM (1994) Environmental effects of forest soil-invertebrate and fungal densities in oak stands along and urban-rural landuse gradient. Pedobiol 38: 385-399.
    • (1994) Pedobiol , vol.38 , pp. 385-399
    • Pouyat, R.V.1    Parmelee, R.W.2    Carreiro, M.M.3
  • 65
    • 0026450706 scopus 로고
    • The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate
    • Raich JW, Schlesinger WH (1992) The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate. Tellus 44: 81-99.
    • (1992) Tellus , vol.44 , pp. 81-99
    • Raich, J.W.1    Schlesinger, W.H.2
  • 66
    • 0032967424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of drought on desert shrubs: Effects of seasonality and degree of resource island development
    • Reynolds JF, Virginia RA, Kemp PR, de Soyza AG, Tremmel DC (1999) Impact of drought on desert shrubs: effects of seasonality and degree of resource island development. Ecol Monogr 69: 69-106.
    • (1999) Ecol Monogr , vol.69 , pp. 69-106
    • Reynolds, J.F.1    Virginia, R.A.2    Kemp, P.R.3    de Soyza, A.G.4    Tremmel, D.C.5
  • 67
    • 0037338150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of soil nitrogen dynamics in a Mojave Desert ecosystem to manipulations in soil carbon and nitrogen availability
    • Shaeffer SM, Billings SA, Evans RD (2003) Responses of soil nitrogen dynamics in a Mojave Desert ecosystem to manipulations in soil carbon and nitrogen availability. Oecol 134: 547-553.
    • (2003) Oecol , vol.134 , pp. 547-553
    • Shaeffer, S.M.1    Billings, S.A.2    Evans, R.D.3
  • 68
    • 0028976630 scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial biogeochemical cycles: Global estimates with remote sensing
    • Schimel DS (1995) Terrestrial biogeochemical cycles: global estimates with remote sensing. Remote Sens Environ 51: 49-56.
    • (1995) Remote Sens Environ , vol.51 , pp. 49-56
    • Schimel, D.S.1
  • 69
    • 0031857888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-soil interactions in deserts
    • Schlesinger WH, Pilmanis AM (1998) Plant-soil interactions in deserts. Biogeochem 42: 169-187.
    • (1998) Biogeochem , vol.42 , pp. 169-187
    • Schlesinger, W.H.1    Pilmanis, A.M.2
  • 70
    • 0030418735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems
    • Schlesinger WH, Raikes JA, Hartley AE, Cross AF (1996) On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems. Ecol 77: 364-374.
    • (1996) Ecol , vol.77 , pp. 364-374
    • Schlesinger, W.H.1    Raikes, J.A.2    Hartley, A.E.3    Cross, A.F.4
  • 71
    • 43149111289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of urban-induced environmental changes on ecosystem functioning in the Phoenix metropolitan region, USA
    • Shen W, Wu J, Grimm NB, Hope D (2008) Effects of urban-induced environmental changes on ecosystem functioning in the Phoenix metropolitan region, USA. Ecosyst 11: 138-155.
    • (2008) Ecosyst , vol.11 , pp. 138-155
    • Shen, W.1    Wu, J.2    Grimm, N.B.3    Hope, D.4
  • 72
    • 0028160471 scopus 로고
    • Spatial relationships of soil microbial biomass and C and N mineralization in a semi-arid shrub-steppe ecosystem
    • Smith JL, Halvorson JJ, Bolton H Jr (1994) Spatial relationships of soil microbial biomass and C and N mineralization in a semi-arid shrub-steppe ecosystem. Soil Biol Biochem 26: 1151-1159.
    • (1994) Soil Biol Biochem , vol.26 , pp. 1151-1159
    • Smith, J.L.1    Halvorson, J.J.2    Bolton Jr., H.3
  • 73
    • 0030955728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthworm abundance and nitrogen mineralization rates along an urban-rural land use gradient
    • Steinberg DA, Pouyat RV, Parmelee RW, Groffman PM (1997) Earthworm abundance and nitrogen mineralization rates along an urban-rural land use gradient. Soil Biol Biochem 29: 427-430.
    • (1997) Soil Biol Biochem , vol.29 , pp. 427-430
    • Steinberg, D.A.1    Pouyat, R.V.2    Parmelee, R.W.3    Groffman, P.M.4
  • 74
    • 0027455280 scopus 로고
    • Responses of Bouteloua eriopoda to irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland
    • Stephens G, Whitford WG (1993) Responses of Bouteloua eriopoda to irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland. J Arid Environ 24: 415-421.
    • (1993) J Arid Environ , vol.24 , pp. 415-421
    • Stephens, G.1    Whitford, W.G.2
  • 75
    • 84985338014 scopus 로고
    • Field measurements of the sheltering effect of vegetation on erodible land surfaces
    • Stockton PH, Gillette DA (1990) Field measurements of the sheltering effect of vegetation on erodible land surfaces. Land Degrad Rehab 2: 77-85.
    • (1990) Land Degrad Rehab , vol.2 , pp. 77-85
    • Stockton, P.H.1    Gillette, D.A.2
  • 80
    • 31544468940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen fertilization decreases forest soil fungal and bacterial biomass in three long-term experiments
    • Wallenstein MD, McNulty S, Fernandez IJ, Boggs J, Schlesinger WH (2006) Nitrogen fertilization decreases forest soil fungal and bacterial biomass in three long-term experiments. Forest Ecol Manag 222: 459-468.
    • (2006) Forest Ecol Manag , vol.222 , pp. 459-468
    • Wallenstein, M.D.1    McNulty, S.2    Fernandez, I.J.3    Boggs, J.4    Schlesinger, W.H.5
  • 81
    • 0002623166 scopus 로고
    • The nitrogen cycle in North American cold-winter semi-desert ecosystems
    • West NE, Skujins J (1977) The nitrogen cycle in North American cold-winter semi-desert ecosystems. Oecol Plant 12: 45-53.
    • (1977) Oecol Plant , vol.12 , pp. 45-53
    • West, N.E.1    Skujins, J.2
  • 82
    • 0031082136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stemflow contribution to the 'fertile island' effect in creosotebush Larrea tridentata
    • Whitford WG, Anderson J, Rice PM (1997) Stemflow contribution to the 'fertile island' effect in creosotebush Larrea tridentata. J Arid Environ 35: 451-457.
    • (1997) J Arid Environ , vol.35 , pp. 451-457
    • Whitford, W.G.1    Anderson, J.2    Rice, P.M.3
  • 83
    • 0001657739 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. V. Biomass, production, and diversity along the elevation gradient
    • Whittaker RH, Niering WA (1975) Vegetation of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. V. Biomass, production, and diversity along the elevation gradient. Ecol 56: 771-790.
    • (1975) Ecol , vol.56 , pp. 771-790
    • Whittaker, R.H.1    Niering, W.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.