Predominance of symptoms over time in early-onset psychosis: A principal component factor analysis of the positive and negative syndrome scale

Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

Volumn 71, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 327-337

  Rapado Castro, Marta ^a   Soutullo, Cesar ^b   Fraguas, David ^a,c   Arango, Celso ^a   Payá, Beatriz ^d   Castro Fornieles, Josefina ^e   González Pinto, Ana ^f   Parellada, Mara ^a   Graell, Montserrat ^g   Baeza, Inmaculada ⁱ   Bombin, Igor ^h  

^a HOSPITAL GENERAL UNIVERSITARIO GREGORIO MARAÑÓN   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY CLINIC OF NAVARRA   (Spain)

^c HOSPITAL GENERAL UNIVERSITARIO DE ALBACETE   (Spain)

^d HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO MARQUÉS DE VALDECILLA   (Spain)

^e HOSPITAL CLÍNIC   (Spain)

^f CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED DE SALUD MENTAL CIBERSAM   (Spain)

^g HOSPITAL INFANTIL UNIVERSITARIO NIÑO JESÚS   (Spain)

^h Neurological Rehabilitation Center   (Spain)

ⁱ NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ARIPIPRAZOLE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CHLORPROMAZINE; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; HALOPERIDOL; METHYLPHENIDATE; MOOD STABILIZER; OLANZAPINE; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; ZIPRASIDONE;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BLUNTED AFFECT; CHILD; COGNITION; DELUSION; DEPRESSION; DISORIENTATION; EARLY ONSET PSYCHOSIS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GUILT; HALLUCINATION; HOSTILITY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOTOR RETARDATION; NEGATIVE SYNDROME; POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE; POSITIVE SYNDROME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; PSYCHOSOCIAL WITHDRAWAL; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER; SCHOOL CHILD; SOCIAL AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; STEREOTYPY; SYMPTOM;

ADOLESCENT; AGE OF ONSET; CHILD; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; PSYCHOMETRICS; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; SYNDROME; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 77950334511     PISSN: 01606689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4088/JCP.08m04845yel     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Alaghband-Rad J, McKenna K, Gordon CT, et al. Childhood-onset schizophrenia: the severity of premorbid course. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34(10):1273-1283.
2. Nicolson R, Lenane M, Singaracharlu S, et al. Premorbid speech and language impairments in childhood-onset schizophrenia: association with risk factors. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(5):794-800.
3. Jacobsen LK, Rapoport JL. Research update: childhood-onset schizophrenia: implications of clinical and neurobiological research. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1998;39(1):101-113.
4. Usiskin SI, Nicolson R, Krasnewich DM, et al. Velocardiofacial syndrome in childhood-onset schizophrenia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;38(12):1536-1543.
5. Carlson GA, Bromet EJ, Driessens C, et al. Age at onset, childhood psychopathology, and 2-year outcome in psychotic bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(2):307-309.
6. Häfner H, Nowotny B, Löffler W, et al. When and how does schizophrenia produce social deficits? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995;246(1):17-28.
7. Huber G. The heterogeneous course of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1997;28(2-3):177-185.
8. Hollis C. Adult outcomes of child- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia: diagnostic stability and predictive validity. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(10):1652-1659.
9. Fraguas D, de Castro MJ, Medina O, et al. Does diagnostic classification of early-onset psychosis change over follow-up? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2008;39(2):137-145.
10. Bürgy M. The concept of psychosis: historical and phenomenological aspects. Schizophr Bull. 2008;34(6):1200-1210.
11. Peralta V, Cuesta MJ. Clinical models of schizophrenia: a critical approach to competing conceptions. Psychopathology. 2000;33(5):252-258.
12. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13(2):261-276.
13. Peralta Martin V, Cuesta Zorita MJ. Validation of positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) in a sample of Spanish schizophrenia patients. Actas Luso Esp de Neurol Psiquiatr Cienc Afines. 1994;22(4):171-177. Spanish
14. Bell M, Milstein R, Beam-Goulet J, et al. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale: reliability, comparability, and predictive validity. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1992;180(11):723-728.
15. Müller MJ, Rossbach W, Dannigkeit P, et al. Evaluation of standardized rater training for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Schizophr Res. 1998;32(3):151-160.
16. Bassett AS, Bury A, Honer WG. Testing Liddle's three-syndrome model in families with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1994;12(3):213-221. (94)9031-0
17. Bell MD, Lysaker PH, Beam-Goulet JL, et al. Five-component model of schizophrenia: assessing the factorial invariance of the positive and negative syndrome scale. Psychiatry Res. 1994;52(3):295-303.
18. Drake RJ, Dunn G, Tarrier N, et al. The evolution of symptoms in the early course of non-affective psychosis. Schizophr Res. 200363(1-2):171-179.
19. Peralta V, Cuesta MJ. Psychometric properties of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 1994b;53(1):31-40.
20. Kay SR, Sevy S. Pyramidical model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1990;16(3):537-545.
21. Villalta-Gil V, Vilaplana M, Ochoa S, et al. NEDES Group. Four symptom dimensions in outpatients with schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry. 2006;47(5):384-388.
22. von Knorring L, Lindstrom E. Principal components and further possibilities with the PANSS. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1995;92(388 suppl):5-10.047.195.tb05937.x
23. Kawasaki Y, Maeda Y, Sakai N, et al. Evaluation and interpretation of symptom structures in patients with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994;89(6):399-404.
24. Lindenmayer JP, Bernstein-Hyman R, Grochowski S. Five-factor model of schizophrenia: initial validation. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1994;182(11):631-638.
25. Lindenmayer JP, Bernstein-Hyman R, Grochowski S, et al. Psychopathology of Schizophrenia: initial validation of a 5-factor model. Psychopathology. 1995;28(1):22-31.
26. White L, Harvey PD, Opler L, et al; The PANSS Study Group. Empirical assessment of the factorial structure of clinical symptoms in schizophrenia: a multisite, multimodel evaluation of the factorial structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Psychopathology. 1997;30(5):263-274.
27. Marder SR, Davis JM, Chouinard G. The effects of risperidone on the five dimensions of schizophrenia derived by factor analysis: combined results of the North American trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58(12):538-546.
28. Higashima M, Urata K, Kawasaki Y, et al. P300 and the thought disorder factor extracted by factor-analytic procedures in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;44(2):115-120.
29. Lançon C, Aghababian V, Llorca PM, et al. Factorial structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): a forced fivedimensional factor analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1998;98(5):369-376.047.198.tb10101.x
30. Lançon C, Reine G, Llorca PM, et al. Validity and reliability of the French-language version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1999;100(3):237-243.
31. Lançon C, Auquier P, Nayt G, et al. Stability of the five-factor structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Schizophr Res. 2000;42(3):231-239.
32. Bunk D, Eggers C, Klapal M. Symptom dimensions in the course of childhood-onset schizophrenia. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;8 (suppl 1):129-135.
33. Lykouras L, Oulis P, Psarros K, et al. Five-factor model of schizophrenic psychopathology: how valid is it? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000;250(2):93-100.
34. Mass R, Schoemig T, Hitschfeld K, et al. Psychopathological syndromes of schizophrenia: evaluation of the dimensional structure of the positive and negative syndrome scale. Schizophr Bull. 2000;26(1):167-177.
35. Wolthaus JE, Dingemans PM, Schene AH, et al. Component structure of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia and spectrum disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2000;150(4):399-403.
36. Emsley R, Rabinowitz J, Torreman M; RIS-INT-35 Early Psychosis Global Working Group. The factor structure for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in recent-onset psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2003;61(1):47-57.
37. Smith DA, Mar CM, Turoff BK. The structure of schizophrenic symptoms: a meta-analytic confirmatory factor analysis. Schizophr Res. 1998;31(1):57-70.
38. Klapal M, Eggers C, Bunk D, et al. [The 5 factor model of childhood schizophrenia][Article in German]. Nervenarzt. 1998;69(3):238-242.doi:10.107/ s015050265
39. Ulloa RE, Birmaher B, Axelson D, et al. Psychosis in a pediatric mood and anxiety disorders clinic: phenomenology and correlates. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;39(3):337-345.
40. McClellan J, McCurry C, Speltz ML, et al. Symptom factors in early-onset psychotic disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;41(7):791-798.doi: 10.1097/04583-202070-010
41. Thakur A, Jagadheesan K, Sinha VK. Psychopathological dimensions in childhood and adolescent psychoses: a confirmatory factor analytical study. Psychopathology. 2003;36(4):190-194.
42. Castro-Fornieles J, Parellada M, González-Pinto A, et al. CAFEPS group. The Child and Adolescent First-Episode Psychosis Study (CAFEPS): design and baseline results. Schizophr Res. 2007;91(1-3):226-237. doi:10.1016/j.schres. 206.12.04
43. De la Peña F, Ulloa R, Higuera F, et al. Interrater reliability of the Spanish version of the K-SADS-PL. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 2002. Scientific Proceedings, NR Poster, vol.A35, p.96.
44. Ulloa RE, Ortiz S, Higuera F, et al. [Interrater reliability of the Spanish version of Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL)]. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2006;34(1):36-40.
45. Howitt D, Cramer D. In: Hall P, Wheatsheaf H, eds. An Introduction to Statistics in Psychology: A Complete Guide for Students. Harlow, England: Prentice-Hall; 1997.
46. Norusis MJ. SPSS for Windows (Version 13.0). Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.; 2006.
47. Rey M-J, Schulz P, Costa C, et al. Guidelines for the dosage of neuroleptics, I: Chlorpromazine equivalents of orally administered neuroleptics. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1989;4(2):95-104.
48. Woods SW. Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(6):663-667.
49. Schwartz-Stav O, Apter A, Zalsman G. Depression, suicidal behavior and insight in adolescents with schizophrenia. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;15(6):352-359.
50. Stahl SM, Buckley PF. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a problem that will not go away. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007;115(1):4-11.047.206.0947.x
51. Milev P, Ho BC, Arndt S, et al. Predictive values of neurocognition and negative symptoms on functional outcome in schizophrenia: a longitudinal first-episode study with 7-year follow-up. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(3):495-506.
52. Buchanan RW. Persistent negative symptoms in schizophrenia: an overview. Schizophr Bull. 2007;33(4):1013-1022.
53. Tamminga CA, Buchanan RW, Gold JM. The role of negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia outcome. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998;13(suppl 3):S21-S26.
54. Peralta V, Cuesta MJ, Martínez-Larrea A, et al. Differentiating primary from secondary negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a study of neuroleptic-naive patients before and after treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(9):1461-1466.
55. Lezak MD. Neuropsychological Assessment. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1995.
56. Asarnow JR, Tompson MC, Goldstein MJ. Childhood-onset schizophrenia: a followup study. Schizophr Bull. 1994a;20(4):599-617.
57. Asarnow RF, Asarnow JR. Childhood-onset schizophrenia: editors' introduction. Schizophr Bull. 1994b;20(4):591-597.
58. Asarnow JR, Tompson MC, McGrath EP. Annotation: childhood-onset schizophrenia: clinical and treatment issues. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004;45(2):180-194.
59. Ballageer T, Malla A, Manchanda R, et al. Is adolescent-onset first-episode psychosis different from adult onset? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44(8):782-789.
60. Kumra S, Nicholson R, Rapaport JL. Childhood-onset schizophrenia. Research update. In: Zipursky RB, Schulz SC, eds. The Early Stages of Schizophrenia. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2002.
61. Addington J, Chaves A, Addington D. Diagnostic stability over one year in first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2006;86(1-3):71-75.
62. Artaloytia JF, Arango C, Lahti A, et al. Negative signs and symptoms secondary to antipsychotics: a double-blind, randomized trial of a single dose of placebo, haloperidol, and risperidone in healthy volunteers. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(3):488-493.
63. Nash L, Gorrell J, Cornish A, et al. Clinical outcome of an early psychosis intervention program: evaluation in a real-world context. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2004;38(9):694-701.
64. Peralta V, Cuesta MJ. How many and which are the psychopathological dimensions in schizophrenia? issues influencing their ascertainment. Schizophr Res. 2001;49(3):269-285.
65. Kendell R, Jablensky A. Distinguishing between the validity and utility of psychiatric diagnoses. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(1):4-12.