'All of us have taken gombo': Media pluralism and patronage in Cameroonian journalism

Journalism

Volumn 10, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 819-842

  Ndangam, Lilian ^a  

^a African Canadian Social Development Council   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bribery; Cameroon; Corruption; Gombo; Liberal democracy; Patronage

Indexed keywords

EID: 77950307335     PISSN: 14648849     EISSN: 17413001     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1464884909344478     Document Type: Review

References (29)

1. Ake, C. (1993) 'The Unique Case of African Democracy', International Affairs 69(2): 239-244
2. Alobwede, C. E. (2006) African Media Development Initiative: Cameroon Research Findings and Conclusions. London: BBC World Service Trust
3. Banda, F. (2001) The Media and Political Change in Africa: A Freedom Forum Report on the Media in Zambia. Arlington, VA: The Freedom Forum
4. De Beer, A. S. and J. D. Froneman (1994) 'The Quest for Media Ethics: An Introduction', Ecquid Novi 15(1): 3-25
5. Fombad, C. M. (2003) 'The Mass Media and Democratisation in Africa: Lessons from Cameroon', in J. M. Mbaku and J. O. Ihonvbere (eds) The Transition to Democratic Governance in Africa, pp. 221-248 Westport, CT: Praeger
6. Fraser, N. (1992) 'Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy', in C. Calhoun (ed.) Habermas and the Public Sphere, pp. 109-142 Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
7. Garnham, N. (1992) 'The Media and the Public Sphere', in C. Calhoun (ed.) Habermas and the Public Sphere, pp. 359-376 Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
8. Habermas, J. (1974) 'The Public Sphere', New German Critique 3: 49-55
9. Herman, E. S. and R. W. McChesney (2004) The Global Media: The New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism, 3rd edn. London: Continuum
10. Hyden, G. and M. Leslie (2003) 'Communication and Democratisation in Africa', in G. Hyden, M. Leslie and F. Ogundimu (eds) Media and Democracy in Africa, pp. 1-28. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction
11. Karikari, K. (1996) 'Media Ethics and the Promotion of a Democratic Culture', in K. Karikari (ed.) Ethics in Journalism: Case Studies of Practice in West Africa, pp. 141-151 Accra: Panos Institute and Ghana Universities Press
12. Lingo, C. (2003) Editor's Forums: Cameroon Country Report. London: Commonwealth Press Union
13. Lumumba-Kasongo, T. (ed.) (2005) Liberal Democracy and its Critics in Africa: Political Dysfunction and the Struggle for Social Progress. London: Zed Books
14. McChesney, R. W. (1997) Corporate Media and the Threat to Democracy. New York: Seven Stories Press
15. Martin, R. (1998) 'Notes on Freedom of Expression in Africa', in P. H. O'Neil (ed.) Communicating Democracy: The Media and Political Transitions, pp. 63-78. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner
16. Nyamnjoh, F. (2001) 'Media Ethics and Professionalism in Cameroon', in C. Ukpabi (ed.) Handbook on Journalism Ethics: African Case Studies, pp. 65-86. Windhoek, Namibia and Amsterdam, Netherlands: MISA and NIZA
17. Nyamnjoh, F. (2005) Africa's Media, Democracy and the Politics of Belonging. London: Zed Books
18. Nyamnjoh, F., F. Wete and T. Fonchingong (1996) 'Media and Civil Society in Cameroon', Africa Media Review 10(3): 38-66
19. Ojo, E. O. (2003) 'The Mass Media and the Challenges of Sustainable Democratic Values in Nigeria: Possibilities and Limitations', Media, Culture & Society 25: 821-840
20. Rockwell, R. (2002) 'Corruption & Calamity: Limiting Ethical Journalism in Mexico and Central America', Global Media Journal 1(1)
21. Sandbrook, R. (1996) 'Transitions without Consolidation: Democratisation in Six African Cases', Third World Quarterly 17(1): 69-87
22. Senghor, D. (1996) 'The Emergence of Information Ethics', in K. Karikari (ed.) Ethics in Journalism: Case Studies of Practice in West Africa, pp. 1-9. Accra: Institut Panos and Ghana Universities Press
23. Socpa, A. (2000) 'Les dons dans le jeu électoral au Cameroun', Cahiers d́tudes Africaines 157(XL-1): 91-108
24. Takougang, J. (1995) 'The Press and the Democratization Process in Africa: The Case of the Republic of Cameroon', Journal of Third World Studies XII(2): 326-349
25. Tanjong, E. and G. Ngwa (2002) 'Public Perceptions of Cameroonian Journalists', in F. Eribo and E. Tanjong (eds) Journalism and Mass Communication in Africa: Cameroon, pp. 17-24. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books
26. Tettey, W. J. (2001) 'The Media and Democratization in Africa: Contributions, Constraints and Concerns of the Private Press', Media, Culture & Society 23(1): 5-31
27. Tettey, W. J. (2006) 'The Politics of Media Accountability: An Examination of Mechanisms and Institutions', The International Communication Gazette 68(3): 229-248
28. United Nations (2003) Human Development Report: Cameroon Factsheet
29. Vitug, M. D. (2007) The Philippines: Payoffs for Journalists - Let's Publicly Acknowledge the Practice, and Work to Stop it, URL (consulted March 2007): http://www.concernedjournalists.org/philippines-payoffs-journalists-lets- publiclyacknowledge-practice-and-work-stop-it